J Dig Dis. 2022 Oct 8. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.13136. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Population-based prospective studies on the associations of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and primary liver cancer are still limited in mainland China, our study was designed to evaluate such relationships in middle-aged Chinese men.
METHODS: Self-reported habits of smoking and alcohol drinking were obtained from all cohort members at the baseline survey. The outcomes were identified through in-person follow-up and annual record linkage to multiple statistics of vital and cancer registration. Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated utilizing the Cox regression model.
RESULTS: After a median follow-up time of 12.31 years, 329 incident cases of primary liver cancer occurred among 45 266 male participants. Compared with never smokers, former smoking was positively associated with liver cancer risk, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.02-1.98). Individuals who have smoked for more than 40 years have an increased risk of liver cancer by 49% (HR>40 years = 1.49, 95% CI, 1.04-2.14). The association of alcohol drinking with liver cancer did not show any statistical significance.
CONCLUSION: Our study provided evidence that cigarette smoking was positively associated with an increased liver cancer risk among Chinese men. Attention to such non-viral modifiable risk factors to prevent liver cancer effectively is needed.
PMID:36208410 | DOI:10.1111/1751-2980.13136
