Am J Ophthalmol. 2023 Jul 24:S0002-9394(23)00285-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.07.005. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Examine the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and depression in the United States.
DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants between 2005-2008 (ages 40-85) were included. Prevalence of major depression among DR stages as determined by retinal imaging was estimated. Multivariable models assessed associations between depression and DR.
RESULTS: Depression was more common among those with moderate to severe DR (16%) than those with no DR (7%), mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 6%), or proliferative DR (5%). In a model with DR stages that adjusted for demographic factors, there was an association between moderate to severe DR and depression (OR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.03-5.85).
CONCLUSION: Depression was more prevalent in moderate to severe NPDR than in those with no DR, mild NPDR, or proliferative DR. This relationship is statistically significant after adjustment for demographic factors.
PMID:37495007 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajo.2023.07.005
