Enhancing efficient reclaim of phosphorus from simulated urine by magnesium-functionalized biochar: Adsorption behaviors, molecular-level mechanistic explanations and its potential application

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 22:167293. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167293. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Magnesium-functionalized Magnolia grandiflora Linn leaf-derived biochar (MBC) capable of efficiently reclaiming phosphorus from urine was synthesized by slow co-pyrolysis. Four adsorption kinetic and seven adsorption isotherm models were fitted to the batch adsorption and desorption experimental data, and it was found that pseudo-first-order kinetic model and multilayer model with saturation best described the phosphate-phosphorus (PO₄^3--P) adsorption process by MBC. MBC and phosphorus-saturated MBC (P-MBC) were found to offer outstanding phosphorus adsorption and slow release properties, respectively. Based on material characterization, statistical physics, adsorption energy distribution and statistical thermodynamics, a multi-ionic, inclined orientation, entropy-driven spontaneous endothermic process of MBC on PO₄^3--P was proposed, involving physicochemical interactions (porous filling, electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange and surface precipitation). Further, seed germination and early seedling growth experiments proved that P-MBC can be used as a slow-release fertilizer. Overall, MBC offers prospective applications as an efficient phosphorus adsorbent and then as a slow-release fertilizer.

PMID:37742963 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167293