Psychometrika. 2025 Mar 27:1-37. doi: 10.1017/psy.2025.10. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
We present a multidimensional data analysis framework for the analysis of ordinal response variables. Underlying the ordinal variables, we assume a continuous latent variable, leading to cumulative logit models. The framework includes unsupervised methods, when no predictor variables are available, and supervised methods, when predictor variables are available. We distinguish between dominance variables and proximity variables, where dominance variables are analyzed using inner product models, whereas the proximity variables are analyzed using distance models. An expectation-majorization-minimization algorithm is derived for estimation of the parameters of the models. We illustrate our methodology with three empirical data sets highlighting the advantages of the proposed framework. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.
PMID:40314177 | DOI:10.1017/psy.2025.10
