Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Jul 25;20:9369-9387. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S525646. eCollection 2025.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to synthesize bioactive dental adhesives using Camellia sinensis (green tea) extracts (GTE) incorporated into innovative semipermeable nanocapsules as active ingredient to stabilize the bond to human dentin.
METHODS: Nanocapsules and all components of the experimental adhesives were synthesized individually, and the success of the synthesis was verified. Experimental adhesives with varying GTE levels and the current gold-standard adhesive were tested for shear bond strength (SBS) after 24-hours and 6-month aging. Bond morphology was characterized by SEM, nano-IR imaging, and fractography. The composition of the nanocapsules was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid-chromatography. Phenol release was evaluated using spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney-U, multiple t-tests, and Weibull analysis.
RESULTS: The incorporation and release of polyphenols from the experimental adhesives is confirmed. A similar or slightly higher SBS was measured in the control adhesive. Aging does not have a significant impact on SBS, but the bonding reliability of the experimental adhesives remained stable over time, while the reliability of the gold-standard adhesive experienced a decline.
CONCLUSION: The integration of GTE-nanocapsules into an experimental adhesive proved to be a promising concept for maintaining bond strength and reliability during aging. In addition, the used combination of vibrational spectroscopy and high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy proved to be helpful in closing a nano-analytical diagnostic gap in the molecular spectroscopy of dental nanomaterials.
PMID:40735745 | PMC:PMC12306576 | DOI:10.2147/IJN.S525646
