Clin Transl Oncol. 2025 Sep 22. doi: 10.1007/s12094-025-04023-8. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a major global health concern due to its heterogeneous nature influenced by genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Serum biomarkers offer promises for improving diagnostic precision and monitoring treatment response.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum biomarkers including CA-125, CA-19-9, and CA-15-3 in breast cancer patients and to explore associations with clinical and biochemical parameters.
METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in the Hail region, involving 187 breast cancer patients. Data were extracted from electronic health records. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression models, assessed the relationships between serum biomarkers and clinical variables, such as age, cancer stage, obesity, and laboratory parameters. Serum biomarkers CA-125, CA-19-9, and CA-15-3 were quantified using electro-chemi-luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) assay with Elecsys kits Roche Diagnostics, with detection limits of ~ 1.0 U/ml and inter-assay variability < 7%.
RESULTS: The highest incidence was observed in women aged 46-55 (26.7%) with obesity present in 50% of cases. Advanced stages (2 and 3) comprised 82.6% of diagnoses. CA-125 levels were elevated in middle-aged patients, while CA-19-9 was higher in younger individuals. CA-15-3 showed increased levels in early-stage cancer, suggesting its utility for early detection. Obesity was linked to increased CA-125 and decreased CA-19-9 levels. Laboratory findings revealed hypocalcemia, elevated bilirubin, high GGT, and increased HbA1c, indicating potential risks of bone metastases, hepatic dysfunction, and poor glycemic control.
CONCLUSION: Serum biomarkers demonstrate significant diagnostic and prognostic potential in breast cancer management. Findings support the importance of early detection, obesity management, and integrated monitoring to enhance outcomes and reduce relapse risk.
PMID:40982199 | DOI:10.1007/s12094-025-04023-8
