JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Oct 31;14:e78600. doi: 10.2196/78600.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Social media use among adolescents and young adults has increased exponentially over the last decade, with TikTok being one of the most popular platforms. In Spain, 61% of adolescents use TikTok, spending an average of 1.5 hours daily on the app. This phenomenon coincides with an alarming increase in the prevalence of self-harm and suicidal behavior among adolescents and young adults. Moreover, suicidal behavior is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in this age group.
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the existing evidence on the association of TikTok use with self-harm and suicidal behavior in the adolescent population.
METHODS: This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to ensure transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Original studies that evaluate the impact of TikTok use on self-harm and suicidal behavior will be selected. The primary outcome will be the occurrence and prevalence of self-harm and suicidal behavior related to TikTok use among adolescents and young adults. Health science literature databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus, will be searched. Two researchers will independently select studies that meet the predefined eligibility criteria, and they will extract data from each included study. The risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions and Joanna Briggs Institute tools, respectively. The methodological characteristics, association measures, and qualitative conclusions of the reviewed studies will be analyzed, and a descriptive synthesis will be presented through tables and graphs.
RESULTS: This systematic review formally began in July 2025, although it has been planned since September 2024. The final systematic review will be performed and reported according to this protocol and the PRISMA guidelines. Initially, the search returned 6126 records, and 3664 records are currently being screened for eligibility. Data from the final included studies will be extracted, collated, and analyzed. The risk of bias and quality of evidence will be determined. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarize the results of the systematic review. When possible, statistical analyses will be presented using graphs and figures. The final systematic review is expected to be published in December 2025.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review will help to better understand the relationship between TikTok use and self-harm and suicidal behavior among adolescents and young adults. Our findings may support future research, recommendations, and policies in this field, emphasizing the need to incorporate the digital environment as a key factor in adolescent mental health.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework MX5CJ; https://osf.io/MX5CJ.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/78600.
PMID:41172321 | DOI:10.2196/78600
