Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Dec 10;198(1):34. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14809-6.
ABSTRACT
This study examined nutrient and pollutant accumulation in edible crops grown on a solid waste dumpsite in Mbale, Uganda, to highlight the nutritional benefits and toxicological risks from this food production. Previously, the dumpsite was categorized into three sampling zones based on topography, waste type, human activity, and other environmental conditions. A total of 31 crop types were sampled, yielding 192 edible plant parts, which were then analyzed for 20 essential and non-essential elements. Leafy vegetables, root tubers, fruits, cereals, seeds, and lemongrass exhibited high levels of essential macronutrients and crucial micronutrients, in addition to toxic elements. The concentrations of aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and certain nutrients exceeded the allowable consumption limits as per the FAO and WHO guidelines, in Table 2. Crops significantly, contained either: (i) high concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P), (ii) high K levels, (iii) increased sodium (Na) content, (iv) mainly Al and iron (Fe) or (v) an average concentration of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and zinc (Zn). The accumulation varied based on crop species, plant parts, sample site location, and site-specific conditions, with leafy crops exhibiting between 50 and 75% higher elemental content compared to other types or parts. Significant differences were observed in Cr, Zn, and Ba concentrations across the three zones, with higher Cr found at the dump centre, Zn at the slope, and Ba at the riverbank. Regardless, consumers of Mbale dumpsite crops are exposed to both beneficial and toxic elements. These findings should be simplified into local languages and shared through educational materials and community outreach. This will raise public awareness, promote safer agricultural practices, and guide policy interventions to protect food safety and public health in communities that rely on crops grown on waste dumpsites.
PMID:41369804 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14809-6
