Przegl Epidemiol. 2025 Dec 12;79(3):415-427. doi: 10.32394/pe/213329. Epub 2025 Oct 22.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Advances in dental technology have improved treatment quality but increased costs. In Poland, where the scope of services reimbursed by the National Health Fund (NFZ) is limited, the cost of dental treatment can be a financial barrier – especially for lower-income patients, particularly for older adults.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze how income levels affect patients’ awareness of dental treatment costs and their decisions regarding available treatment options.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 282 participants (dental patients, medical students, healthcare and education professionals, and their families) was conducted from late 2023 to early 2024. Data from a self administered questionnaire were analyzed in Python using chi-square tests, Cramér’s V, and phi coefficients (p < 0.05). Income was dichotomized (<PLN 3,500 vs. >PLN 3,500) when necessary.
RESULTS: Lower-income patients (<PLN 3,500) were more likely to postpone check-ups due to cost (24.8% vs. 13.1%, p = 0.03) and preferred NHF-covered treatments, whereas higher-income individuals opted for private care. No significant associations were found regarding awareness of NHF benefits, installment usage, or treatment withdrawal rates.
CONCLUSIONS: Income significantly affects dental care utilization, influencing check-up postponement and treatment choices. However, weak correlations suggest other factors – such as health awareness, service quality and appointment availability – also play key roles.
PMID:41385197 | DOI:10.32394/pe/213329
