Physiol Res. 2025 Dec 15;74(6):981-987.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels in relation to the onset and glycemic control of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This retrospective study analyzed clinical data of pregnant women who received routine prenatal care and were hospitalized at the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei between January 2023 and January 2025. The study included 200 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM (study group) and 200 gestational age-matched pregnant women with normoglycemia (control group), selected through random sampling. Within the study group, 146 participants exhibited standard glycemic control (Y1 group), while 54 participants exhibited non-standard glycemic control (Y2 group) during hospitalization in the third trimester. Significant differences in serum 25(OH)D levels were observed between the control and study groups across all trimesters (53.82 ± 9.43), (56.73 ± 11.28), (49.65 ± 10.65) nmol/L, and (45.87 ± 8.45), (44.42 ± 10.04), (46.63 ± 9.87) nmol/L (p < 0.05). In the second trimester, serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values in the study group (p < 0.05). Comparison of the 25(OH)D levels in the third trimester between the Y1 group (48.95 ± 9.46) and the Y2 group (42.75 ± 10.23) nmol/L indicated that there was no significant statistical difference between the study group and the control group (49.65 ± 10.65 nmol/L) (p > 0.05). A receiver operating characteristic curve for first trimester 25(OH)D levels of pregnant women in the study group yielded an area under the curve of 0.84. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an elevated risk of developing GDM and with poorer glycemic control in affected women. These findings indicate that first trimester serum 25(OH)D levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for the early prediction and management of GDM. Keywords Blood glucose ” Correlation ” Gestational diabetes mellitus ” Pregnant women ” 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
PMID:41406483
