Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27886-x. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Modeling using statistical methods as ANOVA and design expert help in predicting, improving, and perfecting a system’s behavior by integration between all experimental data and different parameters, in addition to it doesn’t consume time or materials as the other techniques statistically independence. It investigates the adsorption effectiveness of mullite nanoparticles (MNPs) in removing methyl red dye (acid red 2) as azo benzene derivative dye. Many parameters as pH, dose, contact duration, and dye concentration were studied. The crystal structure, morphology, nanoscale and surface area of the adsorbent MNPs material were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The adsorbent had high crystallinity with particles size of 5 to 25 nm and an average equal 12.3 nm. In addition, it had mesoporous characteristics with high surface area (an average pore size of 7.224 nm, 93.71 m2/g of surface area, and 0.426 cm3/g of pore volume). Its contact angle is 115.3, which explains its hydrophobic character. By using a dosage of 0.05 g at pH 4, for 10 min and 800 rpm, more than 99% removal was achieved. Application of the adsorption isotherm and Kinetics, it follows pseudo-2nd order and the DKR isotherm of the removal procedure.
PMID:41422326 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-27886-x
