BMC Pediatr. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1186/s12887-026-06519-w. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a significant metabolic disturbance contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, management practices, and early outcomes of hypoglycemia among neonates admitted to Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Tanzania.
METHODS: A prospective Cohort study was conducted at MNH from November 2024 to April 2025, enrolling 130 neonates aged 0-28 days. Hypoglycemia was defined as a random blood glucose level < 2.6 mmol/L. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and glucometer readings. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia.
RESULTS: Of the 130 neonates, 28.5% (n = 37) were hypoglycemic. In the adjusted analysis, prematurity (aOR ~ 3.88, 95% CI:1.39-11.66, p = 0.012), maternal diabetes (aOR ~ 4.97, 95%CI 1.78-15.01, p = 0.003), and absent feeding at presentation (aOR ~ 2.6, 95% CI: 1.05-6.74, p = 0.045) were independently associated with hypoglycemia. Among hypoglycemic neonates, 59.5% (n = 22/37) received oral feeding and 18.9% (n = 7/37) received no active treatment. Hypoglycemic neonates had significantly poorer early outcomes compared to normoglycemic neonates (aOR for adverse outcome (death/continued hypoglycemia) ~ 5.1, 95% CI: 1.9-13.8).
CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal hypoglycemia was highly prevalent, particularly among preterm and those born to diabetic mothers. Standardized protocols that include routine screening, early and frequent feeding, and structured follow up are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.
PMID:41588396 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-026-06519-w
