JCI Insight. 2026 Jan 27:e197261. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.197261. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
The survival of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) carrying mutations in TP53 is dismal. We report the results of a detailed characterization of responses to treatment ex vivo with the MDM2 inhibitor MI219, a p53 protein stabilizer, in AML blasts from 165 patients focusing analyses on TP53 wildtype (WT) patients. In total 33% of AML were absolute resistant to MDM2 inhibitor induced apoptosis, of which 45% carried TP53 mutation and 55% were TP53 WT. We conducted array-based expression profiling of ten resistant and ten sensitive AML cases with WT TP53 status, respectively, at baseline and after 2h and 6h of MDM2 inhibitor treatment. While sensitive cases showed the induction of classical TP53 response genes, this was absent or attenuated in resistant cases. In addition, the sensitive and resistant AML samples at baseline profoundly differed in the expression of inflammation-related and mitochondrial genes. No TP53 mutated AML patient survived. The 4-year survival of AML with defective MDM2 inhibitor induced TP53-mediated apoptosis despite WT TP53 was dismal at 19% when NPM1 was co-mutated and 6% when NPM1 was WT. In summary, we identified prevalent multi-causal defects in TP53-mediated apoptosis in AML resulting in extremely poor patient survival.
PMID:41592087 | DOI:10.1172/jci.insight.197261
