Birth Defects Res. 2026 Feb;118(2):e70035. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.70035.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Few published studies are reported for reproductive and neurobehavioral toxicity of combined exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and synergists in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of combined dinotefuran (DIN) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in an F1-generation toxicity study in mice.
METHODS: DIN and PBO were given in the diet to provide levels of 0% (control), PBO 0.03%, DIN 0.012% + PBO 0.03%, and DIN 0.024% + PBO 0.03% from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to 11 weeks of age of the F1 generation in mice. Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured in the F1 generation.
RESULTS: For exploratory behavior in the F0 generation, the number of horizontal activities increased with a statistically significant dose-related response in adult males. For exploratory behavior in the F1 generation, the total distance, movement time, average speed, and average time of movement increased with statistically significant dose-related responses in adult males. In the spontaneous behavior of males in the F1 generation, the parallel lines during the control and treatment groups indicated significant distances in the total distance, average speed, and average time of movement.
CONCLUSIONS: The dose levels of DIN with PBO in the present study affected exploratory and spontaneous behavior at lower dose levels than those observed in previous studies with the single administration of DIN and PBO. Therefore, the dose level of PBO (0.03%, approximately 44-116 mg/kg body weight/day) is estimated to have a synergistic effect on DIN exposure.
PMID:41705366 | DOI:10.1002/bdr2.70035
