Front Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 23;17:1792080. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1792080. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The Home Medication Review (HMR) is a structured, patient-centred service provided by pharmacists to facilitate the optimisation of medication therapy, mitigate drug-related issues, and improve health outcomes. Despite the global adoption of HMR, there is a lack of standardisation. To overcome this gap, a detailed HMR checklist was developed to ensure that all key elements of an HMR visit are covered. The aim was to develop and validate a comprehensive checklist to standardise the delivery of HMR and facilitate its widespread implementation in the Indian healthcare system, which can also be adopted internationally with regional modifications.
METHODS: A detailed literature review was conducted to develop a preliminary checklist framework, which was subsequently refined through input from a seven-member advisory board. Content Validity Index (CVI) and modified kappa statistics (k*) were used to evaluate content validity by eleven experts. The checklist was tested for its usability in the home care environment through pharmacist-conducted reviews of medications in a feasibility study involving 20 participants.
RESULTS: The 12-domain, final 65-item HMR Checklist demonstrated high levels of content validity, with an average Cronbach’s alpha (Ave-CVI) of 0.97, indicating high relevance and simplicity. In the case of Universal Agreement-CVI, the values were 0.78 and 0.75. The level of pharmacist compliance during the feasibility tests showed a high level of adherence (93.5% total compliance), with key areas demonstrating adherence at every visit. Further examination of the I-CVI and k* values was very high in all domains, demonstrating good item-level validity. Overall, the feasibility data demonstrated high patient acceptance and easy integration into the workflow.
CONCLUSION: Overall, content validity indices and content validation processes are considered crucial factors in the development of an instrument. The study demonstrates that the HMR Checklist is a reliable, holistic, and practical instrument that can be used to standardise and implement home medication reviews, led by clinical pharmacists. It has a strong potential to enhance medication safety and provides a solid foundation for future large-scale evaluations globally.
PMID:41948732 | PMC:PMC13050876 | DOI:10.3389/fphar.2026.1792080
