Heart Lung. 2026 Jun 4;79:102861. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2026.102861. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In South Asia, climate change caused rising urban heat, and rapid urbanisation has become a major public health concern, particularly for cardiovascular health. However, socioeconomic factors (including income, education, and housing quality) have not been comprehensively included in any of the previous studies.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the association between prolonged heat extended exposure and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1300 adults aged ≥ 19 years, recruited from different urban centers. Data was collected from June to August 2025 using a structured questionnaire, assessing cardiovascular health indicators, heat exposure levels, socioeconomic status, and perceptions of public health policies. Multinomial logistic regression and Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed by using the SPSS-26 and R-Studio.
RESULTS: The sample comprised 55.61% males and 44.38% females. Approximately 44.7% of participants reported cardiovascular condition. Prolonged heat exposure was significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09-1.79, p = 0.010). Heat related stress in urban areas was strongly associated with adverse outcomes (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.23-6.80, p < 0.001). Awareness of heat related campaigns was associated with lower cardiovascular risk (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular health is associated with urban heat exposure. Socioeconomic factors may modify this relationship. Improved education, healthcare system and targeted health policies are needed to reduce the impact.
PMID:42241742 | DOI:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2026.102861
