New Microbes New Infect. 2026 May 29;72:101779. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101779. eCollection 2026 Aug.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, temporal trends, and diagnostic concordance of transfusion-transmitted viruses (TTVs) using combined serological and nucleic acid testing (NAT) in a large donor population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: This retrospective study analysed all blood donations screened from 2019 to 2024 at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, using serological assays and NAT. Prevalence estimates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Temporal trends were evaluated using generalised estimating equations logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) positivity. Diagnostic agreement between serology and NAT was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic.
RESULTS: Among 48,151 donors, seroprevalence was 0.4% for HBsAg, 0.3% for HCV Ab, 0.1% for HIV Ab, and 0.02% for HTLV Ab. HBc Ab was detected in 4.7%. NAT identified HBV and HCV in 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. Logistic regression showed a significant annual decline in HBsAg and NAT-HBV. Older age and non-Saudi nationality were linked to higher HBsAg and HCV positivity. Concordance between serology and NAT was substantial for HIV but negligible for HBV and HCV.
CONCLUSIONS: TTVs rates are low and declining, but HBV/HCV concordance underscores the need for continued dual testing to ensure transfusion safety.
PMID:42282993 | PMC:PMC13251497 | DOI:10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101779
