Injury. 2026 Jun 30;57(8):113477. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113477. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nurses are central to trauma care in both peacetime and conflict, where training and expertise directly affect patient outcomes. Cooperative training between healthcare professionals from opposing communities is rare in regions of ongoing violence, yet may be a powerful mechanism for strengthening regional trauma systems and advancing health diplomacy. Operating Together is a binational initiative that brings Palestinian and Israeli trauma providers together for joint training. This study describes the establishment of a regional Advanced Trauma Care for Nurses (ATCN) program serving both Israeli and Palestinian communities, evaluates course effectiveness, and health‑diplomacy attitudes.
METHODS: Between January 1 and December 31, 2025, six ATCN providers and two ATCN instructor courses were conducted. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires assessing satisfaction, perceived clinical relevance, and attitudes toward Palestinian-Israeli health cooperation. Descriptive statistics summarized responses, and comparisons used independent‑samples t tests and Fisher’s exact tests (significance p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Of 52 participants, 36 completed the study (50% Israeli, 50% Palestinian). Participants reported high course satisfaction (M = 8.44/10) and perceived educational impact (M = 4.39/5). Most (94.4%) expressed interest in maintaining professional contact. The belief that cooperation improves patient care is strongly correlated with positive health‑diplomacy attitudes (rs =.74, p < .001). Palestinian nurses reported significantly higher scores regarding the role of health cooperation in conflict resolution and mutual understanding (both p = .006). Male participants had higher health‑diplomacy index scores than female participants (p = .004).
CONCLUSION: In the context of ongoing conflict, joint ATCN courses for Palestinian and Israeli nurses were associated with high educational satisfaction and strong support for continued professional cooperation. Participants perceived binational training as beneficial for trauma care and contributing to a more positive climate. Joint trauma nursing education may provide a promising platform for strengthening trauma systems and advancing health diplomacy in conflict‑affected settings.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and epidemiological; Level II-III (educational intervention).
PMID:42391665 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2026.113477
