Womens Health (Lond). 2026 Jan-Dec;22:17455057261476574. doi: 10.1177/17455057261476574. Epub 2026 Aug 10.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundMaternal depression during pregnancy is a major global health concern that affects both mothers and infants. However, limited studies have examined maternal depression across pregnancy stages in Arabic-speaking populations, where fertility rates are high.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the relationship between antenatal depression and anxiety symptoms during the early (8-12 weeks) and later stages (24-28 weeks) of pregnancy and their effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes among Omani women.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsA prospective cohort design was used, involving 302 pregnant Omani women receiving antenatal care at Al Buraimi Hospital. Eligible participants were aged 18-45 years, between 8-12 weeks of gestation and expected to continue care at the same clinic. Depression and anxiety were measured at both stages using the Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the EPDS-3A subscale. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were used to examine associations between anxiety, depression, and pregnancy outcomes. Multiple regression analyses controlled for maternal age, marital status, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, and household income.ResultsHigh levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified, particularly as pregnancy advanced. Among 302 pregnant Omani women, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 29.8% and anxiety symptoms was 24.8% in early pregnancy. Women with elevated EPDS scores had higher risks of caesarean delivery, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Elevated anxiety was associated with greater maternal distress and poorer neonatal outcomes.ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of integrating mental health screening into routine antenatal care in Oman. Early identification and management of depression and anxiety may reduce adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. Further research should investigate barriers to mental health services for pregnant women and the long-term developmental effects of antenatal depression on children.
PMID:42574733 | DOI:10.1177/17455057261476574
