Cureus. 2025 Apr 26;17(4):e83044. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83044. eCollection 2025 Apr.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy and is linked to adverse health outcomes for both mothers and their children. Lower maternal educational levels and poor health literacy have also been associated with poor health outcomes. However, few studies have analyzed the magnitude of the association between maternal education and poor outcomes for both mother and child in the context of gestational diabetes. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between maternal and paternal education levels and the risk of negative health outcomes in both mother and child in pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the United States.
METHODS: This project is a retrospective cohort study. National Vital Statistics System-Natality (NVSS-N) data from 2019 to 2020 was used, sampling women aged 18-34 with gestational diabetes who gave birth to a singleton. Outcomes were the presence of at least one congenital anomaly and maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Multivariable logistic regression analysis via Stata V. 16 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, US) estimated adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS: Among 541,117 women, 38% had a high school diploma or less, 52% completed some college, and 11% held a master’s degree or higher. The maternal ICU admission rate was 0.17%, and at least one congenital anomaly occurred in 0.21% of births. In adjusted models, compared to mothers with a high school diploma or less, those with a master’s degree or some college had adjusted ORs of 1.14 (95% CI = 0.80, 1.61) and 1.11 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.36) for congenital anomalies, respectively. Paternal education was associated with reduced odds for both outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Maternal education was not associated with adverse outcomes in gestational diabetes. Findings suggest paternal education may impact patient outcomes and should be further explored. Potential alternative targets to improve the health of women with gestational diabetes and their offspring are warranted.
PMID:40438814 | PMC:PMC12116785 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.83044
