Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Oct 13;197(11):1199. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14646-7.
ABSTRACT
Surface sediments collected from Apapa-Badagry creeks (west of Lagos Lagoon) were investigated for the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total OCP concentrations (∑OCPs) ranged from 231.72 to 1324.57 ng/g, while ∑PAHs ranged from 15.17 to 30.92 ng/g. Drins were the most prevalent pesticides detected across all sample stations. All low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were below the detection limits, except for acenaphthylene. Urban runoff and nearby industrial and domestic discharges could be responsible for the high levels of OCPs and PAHs at station L_P2. Isomeric ratio analysis of DDT compounds indicated no recent inputs of technical DDT, whereas hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) suggested a lindane source. Diagnostic PAH ratios suggested mixed sources of pollution, which were pyrolytic and petrogenic. Principal component analysis of the OCPs and PAHs dataset extracted three principal factors, each representing distinct pollutant origins within the creek sediments. The sources of OCPs were mainly agricultural and industrial run-off, whereas PAHs were primarily attributed to industrial emissions, biomass and wood burning, and vehicular combustion. Ecological risk assessment indicated that adverse effects from p,p’-DDT would rarely occur, whereas those from p,p’-DDD would occur regularly in benthic organisms in Apapa-Badagry Creek.
PMID:41077593 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14646-7
