Salud Publica Mex. 2025 Sep 26;67(5 (sept-oct)):455-465. doi: 10.21149/16485.
ABSTRACT
bjective. To identify dairy consumption patterns, trends, and associated characteristics in Mexican adults from 2012-2018.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data from 25 218 adults aged ≥20 years participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut, by its acronym in Spanish) 2012, 2016 and 2018. Through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, we estimated the energy-adjusted intake of 23 dairy products. Dairy patterns were identified using the principal component analysis. To identify associated characteristics and trends, we used independent linear regression models for each pattern. We included survey year as an independent variable in trend estimation (stratified by sex and region).
RESULTS: We identified three dairy patterns: 1) skim milk/light yogurt, 2) fresh cheese/high-fat milk and yogurt, and 3) mature cheese/ cream. The highest consumption of all dairy patterns was associated with high education and/or socioeconomic level. Consumption of the “skim milk/light yogurt” and “mature cheeses/cream” patterns increased, whereas “fresh cheese/high-fat milk and yogurt pattern” decreased steadily. These changes were similar among women and men and in all regions.
CONCLUSION: Our findings support the existence of different population-specific dairy consumption patterns with variations over time, mainly determined by socioeconomic characteristics. This approach must be considered to evaluate the association between dairy consumption and health outcomes.
PMID:41150991 | DOI:10.21149/16485
