BMC Pulm Med. 2025 Nov 11;25(1):517. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03991-5.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality within the first year after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and nutritional status may influence complications after transplantation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between geriatric nutritional index (GNRI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and CONUT score and the incidence of pneumonia and mortality within 1 year after transplantation .
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 286 patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) secondary to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the development of pneumonia within the first year post-transplantation and survival status at one year. Pre-transplant GNRI, PNI, and CONUT scores were calculated using standard formulas derived from laboratory and clinical data obtained prior to transplantation.
RESULTS: In this retrospective analysis the median GNRI value was 86.14 ± 11.47 in patients without pneumonia and 87.98 ± 13.57 in those with pneumonia, showing no statistically significant difference. The median PNI values were 89.63 ± 7.22 and 88.67 ± 7.73, and the median CONUT scores were 2.39 ± 1.68 and 2.20 ± 1.37 in the non-pneumonia and pneumonia groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in either comparison. The distribution of CONUT categories did not differ significantly between patients with and without pneumonia In addition, when the association between nutritional indices and one-year survival after ASCT was analyzed, none of the indices demonstrated a significant predictive value.
CONCLUSION: As the first study to examine GNRI, PNI, and CONUT in this context, we found no significant link between pre-transplant nutritional status and pneumonia or one-year mortality post-ASCT in multiple myeloma. Transplant-induced immunosuppression may overshadow baseline nutritional effects.
PMID:41219898 | DOI:10.1186/s12890-025-03991-5
