Int Urol Nephrol. 2026 Jan 19. doi: 10.1007/s11255-026-05001-x. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Globally, Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as one of the major public health concerns impacting 10 to 15% of the world population. However, relatively very few studies have presented the comprehensive data on burden of disease particularly in developing countries like Nepal. Chronic kidney disease leads to declining kidney function, often progressing to end stage renal disease or death, imposing significant economic burdens. We aim to describe the ethology of end stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at a dedicated transplant centre in Nepal to assess a comprehensive understanding of the causes of chronic kidney disease. Data was collected from the individual’s undergoing haemodialysis at the Shahid Dharma Bhakta National Transplant Centre, approximately 175 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria. SPSS was used for descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS: Among 175 patients, the mean age was 47.2 years (SD ± 14.97), with 115 (65.7%) males, and the majority were aged between 40 and 64 years. Hypertensive nephropathy was the most common cause, accounting for 39.4%, followed by both hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 12.6% of cases, while isolated diabetes mellitus accounted for 10.9%. Chronic glomerulonephritis (9.1%), chronic pyelonephritis (8%), and obstructive uropathy (7.4%) were also major contributors, with smaller proportions linked to conditions like urate nephropathy, renal tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, preeclampsia, and solitary kidney.
CONCLUSION: This study identified the primary causes of end stage renal disease in Nepal, where chronic kidney disease prevalence is increasing but under-researched. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are key risk factors for chronic kidney disease, yet awareness of these conditions and their complications is often limited in Nepal. The etiological spectrum data is crucial for targeted screening programs for the general population and high-risk groups, follow-up and treatment, improving patient outcomes and reducing the economic burden of end stage renal disease.
PMID:41555102 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-026-05001-x
