Category: Nevin Manimala

Med Pharm Rep. 2025 Apr;98(2):223-229. doi: 10.15386/mpr-2773. Epub 2025 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In recent years, dental trauma has been on the rise. The most common, regarding permanent dentition, are uncomplicated fractures (involving enamel or enamel and dentin) of the maxillary central incisors, followed by maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular central incisors. In anterior teeth, high impact stresses are frequently produced and because of this it is necessary that the restoration has a high fracture resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of marginal cavity preparations (45° bevel and chamfer bevel) on the fracture resistance of teeth treated with direct composite resins.

METHODS: For this study, 24 extracted mandibular incisors were used. All soft tissue debris and tartar were removed. During the study, the teeth were kept in saline to prevent dehydration. The teeth were divided into three groups of 8 teeth each. Group number 1 was used as a control and named C, in group number 2, named CH, incisors were prepared with a chamfer type of bevel, and in group number 3, named B45, incisors were prepared with a 45° bevel. After preparing all mandibular incisors, they were directly restored with nano-ceramic composite (Ceram.x® Duo, Dentsply Sirona). Subsequently, all three groups were fractured to determine the maximum compressive load using the Instron 3366 universal testing machine. To ensure a standardized fracturing process, all incisors were embedded in self-polymerizing acrylic resin up to the neck to replicate the conditions in the oral cavity.

RESULTS: The Student’s T-test was employed for statistical analysis, revealing a statistically insignificant difference between the CH and B45 groups. Nonetheless, it was noted that the average values of maximum compressive loads in the chamfer bevel group were higher compared to those in the 45° bevel group, indicating its superior resistance to fracture. Additionally, the results of the fracture resistance test demonstrated that intact mandibular incisors are three times more resistant to fracture than mandibular incisors prepared and restored with dental bevels.

CONCLUSION: Intact teeth present a superior fracture resistance compared to teeth that have been subjected to trauma or carious processes, requiring coronal restoration; dental restorations made with a chamfer bevel marginal preparation withstand higher forces with improved fracture resistance compared to those made with a 45° bevel marginal preparation.

PMID:40371407 | PMC:PMC12070936 | DOI:10.15386/mpr-2773

J Prosthodont. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1111/jopr.14068. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of various surface treatment methods on zirconia as it affects the bond strength to its substrate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sintered zirconium dioxide ceramic disks (KATANA Zirconia STML; n = 20; size 12 × 12 × 3 mm) were divided into five groups: no surface treatment (Group C), air-particle abraded with 50 µm aluminum oxide (Group AA), air-particle abraded with glass beads (Group GB), Zircos E etching solution for 2 h (Group ZE), and 48% hydrofluoric acid solution heated at 25°C for 30 min (Group HE). Cylindrical composite resin specimens (2.1 mm in diameter, 3 mm in height) were bonded to the zirconia samples with resin cement (Panavia V5) under a load of 1000 g and light cured for 80 s. Each group was divided into two subgroups, and shear bond strength (SBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min after storage in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C or after 10,000 thermocycles. The fractured surfaces of specimens were inspected with a stereo microscope, and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed failures. One-way ANOVA test and paired t-test were applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Highest mean SBS values [MPa] were observed for Group AA (14.98 ± 3.19) followed by Group HF (14.8 ± 0.83), Group C (8.32 ± 1.95), Group GB (9.29 ± 0.99), and Group ZE (4.83 ± 0.47). Mean SBS values (MPa) of all the groups decreased significantly after thermal cycling and were for 5.45 ± 0.8 (Group C), 13.47 ± 2.33 (Group AA), 8.56 ± 1.35 (Group GB), 4.16 ± 0.63 (Group ZE), and 13.15 ± 1.27 (Group HF).

CONCLUSIONS: Air-particle abrasion with alumina and heated 48% hydrofluoric acid provide higher bond strengths than the other surface treatments tested.

PMID:40369713 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.14068

Arch Public Health. 2025 May 14;83(1):133. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01614-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens infection treatment. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species (MRSS) are particularly challenging. This study examines the relative consumption of Linezolid (Reserve antibiotic) versus Vancomycin and Teicoplanin (Watch antibiotics) for MRSS, comparing trends with resistance patterns to optimize antibiotic use and combat AMR.

METHODS: This observational retrospective study analyzed trends in the consumption of Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Teicoplanin among all patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Alexandria, Egypt from January 2019 to December 2023. The study compared these consumption patterns with resistance rates in Staphylococcus spp., including MRSS, from January 2020 to December 2023. Data on antibiotic consumption, expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 patient days (DDD/1000PD), were retrieved from pharmacy records, while resistance data were obtained from the WHONET database. Exploratory data analysis, including time series visualization and linear regression, assessed trends and the impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic use and resistance patterns.

RESULTS: Linezolid consumption increased significantly (β = 3.72, 95% CI: 0.50 to 6.94, p = 0.027), while Teicoplanin consumption also rose but to a lesser extent (β = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.60, p < 0.001). Vancomycin consumption remained stable (β = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.77 to 0.15, p = 0.184). Overall, Linezolid experienced an increase in usage that was 2.5 times steeper compared to the combined use of Vancomycin and Teicoplanin. The ICU surveillance data indicated that the days of Vancomycin therapy per 1000 patient days decreased significantly (β = -5.02, 95% CI: -6.79 to -3.25, p < 0.001). Methicillin resistance remained high ranging from 47.8 to 85.2%. Throughout the study period, resistance to the three antibiotics was higher than resistance rates reported in other published studies across Egypt while remained stable and comparable between the hospital and ICU. In the hospital, resistance ranged from 4 to 23.7% for Vancomycin, 6.3-28.6% for Linezolid, and 0-41.7% for Teicoplanin. In the ICU, Vancomycin resistance ranged from 5.5 to 34.2%, Linezolid from 11.4 to 41.2%, and Teicoplanin from 7.1 to 38.8%.

CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship to reduce Linezolid overuse and address persistently high resistance rates against all anti-MRSA antibiotics.

PMID:40369693 | DOI:10.1186/s13690-025-01614-3

J Clin Nurs. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1111/jocn.17798. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Determination of the relationship between sleep quality and the risk of medication errors in nurses working in surgical services.

METHODS: This multicenter, descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 192 nurses working in surgical wards of all training and research hospitals in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, between January and December 2023. Data were collected using the “Nurse Information Form,” “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,” “Epworth Sleepiness Scale,” and “Medication Administration Error Scale.” The suitability of numerical variables for normal distribution was examined graphically and with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Additionally, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient tests were used in the analyses. The STROBE checklist was followed in writing the study.

RESULTS: The median age of nurses was 27.0 (IQR = 8.0) years, and 38.5% were in the 21-25 age group. Among the nurses, 81.3% stated that they had sleep problems due to working hours, and 44.3% stated that they made medication errors due to insomnia. The nurses’ Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score median was 12.00 (IQR = 9.00), Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 11.00 (IQR = 8.75), and Medication Administration Error Scale score was 85.00 (IQR = 25.75). No statistically significant relationship was found between nurses’ Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Medication Administration Error Scale scores (r_s = 0.042; p = 0.565). A statistically significant low-level relationship was found between the nurses’ Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (r_s = 0.387; p < 0.001). Statistically significant weak and very weak relationships were found between Medication Administration Error Scale and subjective sleep quality, sleeping pill use, and daytime dysfunction (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The study found that nurses had poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. It was determined that nurses with sleep problems were at a higher risk of making medication errors.

PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Based on these results, it is recommended that nurses’ working hours be planned to support their sleep patterns, and nurses be provided with adequate rest time during shift work hours. Additionally, nurses should be educated about sleep hygiene and the effects of sleep disorders, and more research should be conducted to understand the causes of medication errors and develop preventive strategies.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The basic principle of healthcare is to “do no harm.” Among healthcare professionals, nurses have great responsibility in preventing medical errors. However, the excessive workload, high number of patients under their care, and working in a day-night shift system lead to fatigue and sleep deprivation. Sleep problems increases their tendency to make mistakes. This study aims to contribute evidence to the literature on the impact of sleep problems on medication errors.

PMID:40369684 | DOI:10.1111/jocn.17798

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 May 14;17(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01715-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are common chronic liver diseases worldwide, both of which are closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), as a biomarker of dyslipidemia, may predict CVD risk and mortality in these patients, but its specific role in patients with NAFLD and MASLD has not been studied in detail. This study adopted a cohort design, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1988-1994) database, which was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 12,929 adult participants were analyzed. After participants were grouped according to AIP quartiles, the relationship between AIP levels and CVD risk was explored using multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines. The relationship between AIP levels and all-cause and CVD mortality was analyzed using multivariate Cox regression models.

RESULTS: Participants with the higher AIP quartiles showed high rates of CVD among participants with NAFLD (Quartile 1: 7.57%; Quartile 2: 10.00%; Quartile 3: 11.63%; Quartile 4: 15.08%). Participants with the higher AIP quartiles showed high rates of CVD among participants with MASLD (Quartile 1: 9.71%; Quartile 2: 11.30%; Quartile 3: 11.14%; Quartile 4: 15.00%). The findings suggested a linear association between the AIP index and the risk of CVD in participants with NAFLD or MASLD. AIP was significantly associated with CVD in the highest quartile of NAFLD or MASLD patients, and the adjusted hazard ratio indicated that high AIP levels were associated with high risk of CVD among participants with NAFLD (HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.52) and MASLD (HR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.98). In addition, higher AIP levels were also associated with increased all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among participants with NAFLD or MASLD.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that AIP is an effective tool for predicting CVD risk and mortality in patients with NAFLD and MASLD. Regular monitoring of AIP levels can help identify high-risk patients early and provide clinical risk assessment before intervention, thereby improving patient management and prognosis. Future studies need to further explore the role of AIP in different ethnic and economic conditions to optimize cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment strategies.

PMID:40369673 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01715-7

J Clin Nurs. 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1111/jocn.17782. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dietary intervention and the commonly used behaviour change techniques (BCTs) on clinical outcomes in patients with T2DM.

BACKGROUND: Effective dietary management is crucial in the management of diabetes. Behavioural change strategies are important in improving dietary adherence, but limited understanding of available evidence currently exists.

DESIGN: A systematic review and meta analysis using the PRISMA checklist were used to synthesise the evidence.

METHODS: Systematic review of five databases was completed using selected key terms. Meta-analysis was conducted to test the effects of the dietary interventions and to identify effective BCTs.

RESULTS: Nine studies were included in this research. Overall, the dietary interventions showed significant HbA1c reduction, with merits from personalised dietary interventions tailored to patient characteristics. Meanwhile, there was a sustained reduction in HbA1c after three, six, and twelve months post intervention. Moreover, significant improvements in weight and lipid profile were observed by the sixth month. Regarding employed BCTs, ‘Credible Source’ and’Conserving Mental Resources’ were deemed to be both clinically and statistically significant in reducing HbA1c (> 0.3%), while 14 other BCTs were identified as being associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in HbA1c (> 0.3%).

CONCLUSION: Comprehensive dietary interventions incorporating selective BCTs significantly improved HbA1c, weight, and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. Identified BCTs and the commonly used intervention features tailored to patient characteristics were most effective in dietary behaviour interventions.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is suggested that, besides the commonly used BCTs (e.g., ‘Goals and Planning’ and ‘Feedback on Behavior’), the application of ‘Conserving Mental Resources’ and ensuring ‘Credible Source’ should be incorporated into dietary interventions for patients with T2DM in clinical practice.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The is no patient or public contribution in this paper.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

PROSPERO ID: CRD42023459274.

PMID:40369662 | DOI:10.1111/jocn.17782

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2025 May 14:e31790. doi: 10.1002/pbc.31790. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric renal tumor, and with multidisciplinary treatment overall outcomes are excellent. However, a small subset of patients with WT will relapse. The ideal treatment of relapsed WT is yet to be defined. Ongoing studies through the Children’s Oncology Group Renal Tumors Committee (COG-RTC) and the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) aim to improve risk stratification and treatment strategies. Members met at the SIOP 55th Annual Congress 2023 to outline available data and knowledge gaps and develop future research priorities.

PMID:40369656 | DOI:10.1002/pbc.31790

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 14;44(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00916-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of physical inactivity in India is estimated to be 34%; the highest prevalence in South Asian countries. Physical inactivity has increased the risk of non-communicable diseases among urban Indians. Built environment interventions that aim to enhance physical activity have gained popularity in recent years. The construction of outdoor gymnasiums (hereafter referred to as OGs) in green spaces is one such intervention. The installation of OGs on university campuses is a novel concept. The present study was designed to explore the usage of OGs and the perceptions of the users about OGs in a public university setting.

METHODS: A sequential mixed-methods study design was used to inform this two-fold study. In the first phase (Quantitative), four OGs (i.e. OG-A, OG-B, OG-C, OG-D) were observed between 6.00 am and 8.00 pm for one week per month from December 2022 to March 2023 which corresponds to winter and spring time in Varanasi, India. In the second phase (Qualitative), face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews (N = 66) with a purposive sample of (OG) users were conducted in Hindi. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data respectively.

RESULTS: Observational data revealed that the OGs were more frequently used during spring as compared to winter. OG-C emerged as the most popular gym across the four-month period as it hosted the highest number of users (N = 3384) followed by OG-D (N = 2380), OG-B (N = 2004), and OG-A (N = 792). Another major observation was that OGs were more likely to be used by males than females. OGs were more crowded over weekends than weekdays. The thematic analysis of qualitative interview data revealed three main themes and associated sub-themes: (i) Perceived benefits associated with the use of OGs (physical and mental health benefits, proximity to nature, opportunity to socialize, safe environment, economical, ease of access for everyone); (ii) Perceived challenges associated with the use of OGs (lack of time, overcrowding, damaged equipment, laziness); (iii) Feedback for improvement of OGs (regular maintenance of gym equipment, installation of more equipment, installation of drinking water stations and restrooms).

CONCLUSIONS: The emerging findings recognize OGs as viable built environment interventions that encourage people to embrace physical activity. The OGs not only contribute to the revitalization of open green spaces in university campuses where they are installed but also play a significant role towards the fulfilment of social responsibility of educational institutions.

PMID:40369648 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00916-0

Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod. 2025 May 14;18(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s13068-025-02652-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Biohydrogen production from agricultural waste is a promising strategy to address climate change and energy challenges. This study aimed to optimize the process parameters for biohydrogen production from watermelon peels (WMP) by Clostridium butyricum NE133 using statistical optimization techniques. Initial screening of eight significant variables influencing hydrogen production including, initial pH, incubation temperature, WMP concentration, inoculum volume, yeast extract, tryptone, sodium acetate, and ammonium acetate concentration was conducted by a Plackett-Burman (PB) design.

RESULTS: The results showed that four variables including, initial pH (P < 0.001), WMP concentration (P < 0.001), sodium acetate (P = 0.023), and ammonium acetate (P = 0.048) had statistically significant effects on hydrogen production. The model curvature (P = 0.040) indicated that it was significant. Box-Behnken (BB) design under response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the four selected variables to maximize hydrogen production. The optimal conditions for maximizing hydrogen production from WMP by C. butyricum were: initial pH of 8.98, WMP concentration of 44.75%, sodium acetate 4.49 gL^-1, and ammonium acetate 1.15 gL^-1 at with predicted H_max of 4703.23 mLL^-1. The determination coefficient R² of the model was 0.9902 with the lack of fit F-value was 1.86.

CONCLUSIONS: The confirmation experiment revealed only a 0.59% difference between the predicted and experimental hydrogen production, indicating that the optimum conditions were actual with the least error. Improvement of about 103.25% in hydrogen production from WMP by C. butyricum NE133 was achieved after the optimization process.

PMID:40369643 | DOI:10.1186/s13068-025-02652-3

Microbiome. 2025 May 14;13(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s40168-025-02108-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In periodontitis, the interplay between the host and microbiome generates a self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation of tooth-supporting tissues, potentially leading to tooth loss. Despite increasing knowledge of the phylogenetic compositional changes of the periodontal microbiome, the current understanding of in situ activities of the oral microbiome and the interactions among community members and with the host is still limited. Prior studies on the subgingival plaque metatranscriptome have been cross-sectional, allowing for only a snapshot of a highly variable microbiome, and do not include the transcriptome profiles from the host, a critical element in the progression of the disease.

RESULTS: To identify the host-microbiome interactions in the subgingival milieu that lead to periodontitis progression, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the host-microbiome metatranscriptome from clinically stable and progressing sites in 15 participants over 1 year. Our research uncovered a distinct timeline of activities of microbial and host responses linked to disease progression, revealing a significant clinical and metabolic change point (the moment in time when the statistical properties of a time series change) at the 6-month mark of the study, with 1722 genes differentially expressed (DE) in the host and 111,705 in the subgingival microbiome. Genes associated with immune response, especially antigen presentation genes, were highly up-regulated in stable sites before the 6-month change point but not in the progressing sites. Activation of cobalamin, porphyrin, and motility in the microbiome contribute to the progression of the disease. Conversely, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in stable sites coincided with increased immune response. Correlation delay analysis revealed that the positive feedback loop of activities leading to progression consists of immune regulation and response activation in the host that leads to an increase in potassium ion transport and cobalamin biosynthesis in the microbiome, which in turn induces the immune response. Causality analysis identified two clusters of microbiome genes whose progression can accurately predict the outcomes at specific sites with high confidence (AUC = 0.98095 and 0.97619).

CONCLUSIONS: A specific timeline of host-microbiome activities characterizes the progression of the disease. The metabolic activities of the dysbiotic microbiome and the host are responsible for the positive feedback loop of reciprocally reinforced interactions leading to progression and tissue destruction. Video Abstract.

PMID:40369640 | DOI:10.1186/s40168-025-02108-8