Category: Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03188-0.

ABSTRACT

The combined method for interval forecasting (CMIF) is proposed for improved real-time prediction of wind speed uncertainty to facilitate wind turbine operation and power grid dispatching. Time-varying filtering for empirical mode decomposition and phase space reconstruction are used to decompose and reconstruct the original wind speed sequence to solve chaotic phenomena and eliminate noise. Statistical and machine learning models are considered as candidates, and models with excellent performances are selected. Finally, the selected models are combined by a multi-objective optimizer to obtain the final prediction. Experiments were performed using data from the Gansu wind tower, and the results showed that CMIF improved the accuracy of the predicted wind speed interval by 1.07-55.37% compared with single models. The prediction interval had a narrow width while maintaining a high coverage rate, which facilitated accurate quantification of the wind speed uncertainty.

PMID:40603938 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-03188-0

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23287. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04287-8.

ABSTRACT

The space-borne gravitational wave observatory is to detect low-frequency gravitational wave signals in the range of 0.1-100 mHz. The inertial sensors of space gravitational wave require very high accuracy for acceleration noise, and the interaction of the space magnetic field with the test mass can generate magnetic moment forces and Lorentz forces, which lead to acceleration noise. Here, we obtain space magnetic field data from OMNI during 25 years from 1998 to 2022. And accordingly, we calculate the acceleration noise of space magnetic field of a heliocentric gravitational wave observatory, LISA, in more than 2 solar activity cycles. Then, we obtain the amplitude spectral densities of the acceleration noise for each day of the 25 years. We find that the median of the space magnetic field acceleration noise of LISA at 1 mHz is about $1\times {10}^{–17}m{s}^{–2}H{z}^{–1/2}$ . We compare the space magnetic field acceleration noise of LISA and a geocentric gravitational wave observatory, TianQin, and find that the acceleration noise of the space magnetic field is of comparable magnitude for TianQin and LISA, and neither of them exceeds the respective acceleration noise requirements. Based on the statistical result of space magnetic field acceleration noise in more than 2 solar cycles, we give the $\chi$ – $\xi$ parameters map of the TM for LISA and TianQin, and find that TianQin has a more stringent requirement of the parameters design than that of LISA.

PMID:40603937 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-04287-8

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23351. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06111-9.

ABSTRACT

Motion Capture (MoCap) is rapidly growing in the sports, biomechanics, healthcare, and medicine segments, where accuracy is crucial. Current research studies are concurrently confirming that the accuracy can be determined only for the specific analyzed configuration and thus recommending performing your own accuracy verification on your specific setup. However, it is often hard to perform since it requires significant effort, time, knowledge of statistical data analysis and often equipment and tools that are not commonly available. This paper deals with this by creating a standardized setup with carefully evaluated accuracy, substituting the on-site validation process (in case of using such a setup) or providing the worst-case accuracy (when a more advanced setup is used). The setup is designed to be low-cost, easily reproducible and cover a wide range of applications – thus VICON setup with five VERO v1.3 cameras is used. The accuracy was evaluated using the robotic manipulator EPSON C3, determining that the absolute positioning accuracy of such a standardized setup is 0.65 mm on average (SD = 0.48, with maximal error of 2.47 mm) and rotation accuracy 0.40° (SD = 0.35, with maximal error of 2.0°), which is negligible considering the experimental diameter of 1.4 m and full angular span. The major source of error was specific to particular spatial and rotational positions; other systematic and other random errors were noticeably smaller. If the standardized setup is used and all its requirements are met, a similar accuracy as validated above can be expected without the need to explicitly validate the specific configuration, which is time-consuming and resource-intensive.

PMID:40603931 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-06111-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05973-3.

ABSTRACT

This in-vitro study sought to characterize a concept for humeral component positioning during Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA) with bone defects. One-hundred specimens were analysed focusing a potential side-specific consensus; anatomical and Computed Tomography (CT) agreements; age-, sex- and humeral length-dependent associations. The angle of rotational alignment was defined by measuring the relationship between the flexion-extension axis (FEA) of the elbow joint and the flat posterior surface of the distal humerus (PDH). Three independent observers determined the reliabilities. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficients (r), t-tests (r, p), and levels of 95% confidence interval were computed. P-values (p) were set with 0.05. An average internal rotation angle of the FEA to the PDH from 13.0° (range 6.4-27.1) was specified. Anatomical and CT measurements exposed strong agreements (r = .923, p < .001) and excellent observer agreements (ICCs > 0.900). A contralateral side consensus (r = .906, p < .001) and a statistically significant sex difference (at mean: female: 15.1° versus male: 11.5°; p < .001) was verified. No age- and humeral length-dependent correlations were observed (r < .300). Knowledge of these anatomical landmarks and their spatial relationships can provide an essential reference for surgeons striving to replicate native joint alignment. Additionally, assessment of the contralateral (uninjured) side via CT imaging may offer a valuable template and should be considered in the management of complex TEA cases.

PMID:40603927 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-05973-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23362. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05903-3.

ABSTRACT

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiome-derived metabolite of choline, L-carnitine and lecithin, abundant in animal source foods. In experimental models, higher blood TMAO levels enhance atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However in humans, most prior studies have evaluated high risk or secondary prevention populations, and no studies have investigated relationships in a diverse, multi-ethnic population. We evaluated 6,767 US adults free of ASCVD at baseline in the community-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), including 38% identifying as White; 28%, as Black; 22%, as Hispanic; and 12%, as Chinese adults. Plasma TMAO was measured serially at baseline and 5-years, and its time-varying association with incident ASCVD determined using Cox proportional hazards. Multivariate analyses adjusted for time-varying demographics, lifestyle factors, medical history, lipid measures, antibiotic use and dietary habits. During median 11.3 years follow-up, 852 ASCVD events occurred. After multivariate adjustment, TMAO associated with higher risk of ASCVD in a dose-dependent fashion, with hazard ratios across quintiles of 1.02, 1.17, 1.23, and 1.33 (95% CI 1.02, 1.74), respectively, compared to the lowest quintile (P-trend = 0.01). Risk appeared possibly larger among Hispanic and Chinese adults; and among individuals with lower baseline renal function; although these interactions did not achieve statistical significance. Plasma concentrations of TMAO associated with higher risk of incident ASCVD in this multi-ethnic US cohort, supporting a need to test dietary and pharmacologic interventions targeting the diet-microbiome axis for potential cardiovascular risk prevention in diverse populations.

PMID:40603925 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-05903-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00503-7.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we investigate the newly formulated (3+1)-dimensional Sakovich equation, highlighting its utility in describing the dynamics of nonlinear waves. This novel equation effectively incorporates increased dispersion and nonlinear effects, thereby enhancing its applicability across various physical scenarios. This model especially useful when modeling nonlinear phenomena in materials that simpler linear models would not accurately describe. Also serve as a founding model for numerical simulations in computational fluid dynamics and solid mechanics. We deploy both the Sardar Sub-Equation Method (SSEM) and the Simple Equation Method (SEM) to derive a broad spectrum of unique traveling wave solutions. These solutions have been thoroughly verified with Mathematica and include a wide variety of mathematical functions such as trigonometric hyperbolic and exponential forms. To provide a comprehensive visual representation of these solutions, we generate 3D, contour, density, and 2D graphs by meticulously setting the relevant parameters in Wolfram Mathematica. The solutions obtained illustrate various phenomena, such as dark, bright, kink, singular, periodic, periodic singular, and compacton solitons. The innovation of this work is in the systematic investigation and description of several types of soliton solution over a wide variety of nonlinear equations. Not only does this thorough study advance theoretical insight but also increase practical applications in areas like optical fiber communication and engineering. Additionally, we investigate the modulation instability (MI) of the proposed model, further elucidating its significance in the context of nonlinear wave propagation.

PMID:40603918 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-00503-7

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23317. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03438-1.

ABSTRACT

The need for alternative MR contrast agents in direct shoulder MR arthrography (MRA) arises from limitations associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), which are deemed “off-label” for MRA and raise concerns about potential toxicity to joint tissue. This study aims to compare the image quality of NEMO-103 (codename)-based and GBCA-based direct shoulder MRA. A total of 89 MRAs from 81 patients were analyzed, with 39 NEMO-103-based MRAs from 31 patients and 50 GBCA-based MRAs from 50 patients. The MRAs were performed at 3.0-T using fast/turbo spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat suppression (spectral presaturation with inversion recovery). Participants included individuals undergoing MRA for suspected or diagnosed shoulder pathologies between August 2021 and September 2022. Quantitative assessments (contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR] and distension measurements) and qualitative evaluations (distension, sharpness, contrast, and overall image quality scores) were conducted by three musculoskeletal radiologists. A visual Turing test (VTT) was used to assess the ability of 39 clinicians to differentiate between the two contrast agents. Statistical tests included the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-tests, and chi-squared test. The study compared 31 NEMO-103-based MRAs (11 females [35.5%], age: 40.0 ± 13.0 years) and 38 GBCA-based MRAs (14 females [36.8%], age: 49.4 ± 18.7 years) within 30 min post-injection, and 8 NEMO-103-based MRAs (3 females [37.5%], age: 38.0 ± 7.8 years) versus 12 GBCA-based MRAs (5 females [41.7%], age: 56.2 ± 15.7 years) in the 30-60-min post-injection timeframe. NEMO-103-based MRAs demonstrated superior axillary pouch distension and overall image quality in both comparisons. CNR was notably higher with NEMO-103. The VTT showed a 53.3% accuracy in differentiating NEMO-103 from GBCA, similar to random guessing. NEMO-103 may serve as a potential alternative to GBCAs for direct shoulder MRA, offering comparable or superior image quality with potentially fewer concerns related to gadolinium-associated toxicity.

PMID:40603912 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-03438-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23188. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04749-z.

ABSTRACT

The global consumption of processed meat products has increased over the last few years. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the fatty acid profile of meat products to propose action plan strategies for the food industry, particularly for processed meat producers. This cross-sectional study investigated the fatty acid profile of the most consumed meat products in Tehran, Iran (2024). Sixty samples (twenty brands) were randomly selected from food chain stores across five districts and stored according to labeled instructions. Fat was extracted and analyzed for total content and fatty acid profile via Folch method adaptation and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Statistical analysis via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) was performed via SPSS version 20 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The total fat content of the products varied significantly (ranging from 13.34 to 21.23%), with 16% of the products exceeding national standards. The trans fatty acid (TFA) content varied from 0.51 to 3.77% fat. The levels of 2% TFA in the products were greater than the allowed content. Beef hamburger (50.38%) and German sausage (20.79%) had the highest and lowest saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents, respectively. The SFA content also differed among products, with palmitic acid being the most abundant. Oleic acid (37.04% in loghmeh kebab) and linoleic acid (44.31% in sausage) were the dominant MUFAs and PUFAs. The imbalanced n-6/n-3 ratio and variations in the MUFA/PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratios further emphasize the need for improvement. The action plan strategies have been placed on this issue to facilitate policymakers’ decisions to implement healthier meat products to promote public health. Collaborative efforts from policymakers (regulations, consumer education) and the food industry, particularly processed meat producers (reformulation, fat substitution, labeling), are essential to create a healthier fatty acid profile in these products. Without these regulatory advancements, the creation of healthier meat products may remain unattainable.

PMID:40603909 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-04749-z

Sports Med. 2025 Jul 2. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02265-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that impairs quality of life. Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are used to restore synovial fluid viscosity and improve joint function.

OBJECTIVES: The present systematic review investigated the prognostic factors influencing the effect of intra-articular HA injections for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The endpoint of interest was whether patient characteristics and molecular weight of the HA influence patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at different follow-ups.

METHODS: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the 2020 PRISMA statement. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of intra-articular HA injections in the knee were accessed. Data concerning the visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lequesne scales were collected at baseline and the last follow-up. OA was scored using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification. The endpoint of interest was whether patient characteristics and the molecular weight of HA influence clinical outcomes.

RESULTS: The study included 71 RCTs and data from 10,590 patients; 67% (7082 of 10,570) were women. The mean age of the patients was 61.8 ± 5.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.8 ± 2.3 kg/m².

CONCLUSIONS: HA injections lead to an initial worsening of symptoms; however, patients with early stage osteoarthritis, particularly older women, may experience significant long-term improvements. Further research should standardise treatment protocols and investigate the role of HA molecular weight in optimising outcomes.

PMID:40603830 | DOI:10.1007/s40279-025-02265-8

Neurocrit Care. 2025 Jul 2. doi: 10.1007/s12028-025-02312-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) remains a common and serious complication after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Limited data exist on how dynamic status of leptomeningeal collaterals influence HT in AIS. This study aims to investigate the impact of dynamic status of leptomeningeal collaterals on postoperative HT in patients with AIS undergoing EVT.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed between January 2019 and June 2023. Only patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion who received EVT were included. Preoperative leptomeningeal collaterals were evaluated using the regional leptomeningeal collateral (rLMC) score, and postoperative collaterals were assessed using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology score.

RESULTS: A total of 342 patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion were included in this study. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with good rLMC scores (˃ 10) experienced fewer HT events compared with those with poor rLMC scores (≤ 10) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.76, P = 0.002). Further subgroup analysis based on intravenous thrombolysis showed that good leptomeningeal collaterals were significantly associated with reduced risk of HT in patients receiving bridging therapy (aOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.38, p < 0.001). Among 75 patients with incomplete recanalization, analysis of collateral changes indicated that patients with consistently good preoperative and postoperative collateral had the lowest risk of HT (aOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.95, P = 0.043). However, no significant correlation was detected between symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and preoperative and postoperative collateral or its dynamic evolution.

CONCLUSIONS: Good preoperative leptomeningeal collateral status is associated with reduced risk of HT and better 90-day functional outcomes after EVT, possibly due to its role in maintaining cerebral perfusion and slowing infarct growth. Although our findings suggest that collateral-dependent infarct growth may be a potential mechanism for HT and unfavorable outcomes, this hypothesis requires further investigation.

PMID:40603823 | DOI:10.1007/s12028-025-02312-2