Category: Nevin Manimala

Wien Med Wochenschr. 2025 Aug 29. doi: 10.1007/s10354-025-01107-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic inflammation and damage due to fat accumulation. Psoriasis patients show higher NASH incidence due to overlapping risk factors like obesity and insulin resistance. The study aimed to determine the incidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 80 adult patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris. Psoriasis severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. All participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography to assess liver steatosis. Those with significant findings suggestive of fatty liver were further evaluated with transient elastography (FibroScan, EchoSens, Paris, France) to determine liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values.

RESULTS: Among psoriatic patient diagnosed with NASH, the mean PASI score was 8.8 ± 3.6 which was higher than those diagnosed with NAFLD and non-NASH non-NAFLD patients (6.7 ± 4.5 and 7.1 ± 3.9, respectively); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.19). The percentage of moderate and severe psoriasis was higher in NASH patients (68.75%) compared to NAFLD and non-NASH non-NAFLD subjects (57.1% and 46.5%, respectively).

CONCLUSION: NASH and NAFLD are linked to psoriasis severity and systemic metabolic dysfunction. Future studies with larger cohorts and prospective designs are needed to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.

PMID:40879966 | DOI:10.1007/s10354-025-01107-6

Metabolomics. 2025 Aug 29;21(5):127. doi: 10.1007/s11306-025-02327-y.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Fatty acids (FAs) are essential for cellular structure, metabolism, and inflammatory regulation. This study investigated FA profiles in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a severe viral illness with high mortality rates, to explore their potential as disease progression and severity biomarkers.

METHODS: 190 participants were included in the study, comprising 115 CCHF-positive patients, 30 CCHF-negative patients, and 45 healthy controls. FA concentrations were analyzed via gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in specific FA levels were observed between the study groups. Compared with mild and moderate cases, severe cases showed distinctive FA profiles. Notably, higher omega-6/omega-3 ratios and linoleic acid to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (LA/DGLA) ratios are associated with severe disease outcomes and poor prognosis and are correlated with inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and D-dimer. Pathway analysis was performed to identify disruptions in fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Additionally, Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine key fatty acids associated with prognosis. Regression analyses identified several key fatty acids influencing prognosis, including myristic acid, phytanic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid, cerotic acid, linoleic acid DGLA, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-9 fatty acids, and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Pathway analysis revealed that the disruptions in the most affected pathways were the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid metabolism, elongation, degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis in CCHF pathogenesis.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant alterations in fatty acid metabolism and laboratory markers in CCHF. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of this disease and may guide future research on targeted therapeutic strategies.

PMID:40879927 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-025-02327-y

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2025 Aug 29. doi: 10.1007/s10517-025-06471-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The morphofunctional characteristics of rabbit corneas were studied after terahertz (THz) irradiation at a frequency of 2.3 THz with varying durations (15 or 30 min) or intensities (0.012 mW/cm² (38°C), 0.018 mW/cm² (40°C), 0.024 mW/cm² (42°C)) over a period of 1 week after exposure. The intensity of irradiation did not affect the functional changes in the eyes after exposure. However, in groups with different exposure durations, statistically significant changes in corneal hydration and endothelial cell density were observed, the extent of which depended on the exposure time. Endothelial cell density negatively correlated with corneal thickness (r = -0.36; p = 0.042), indicating a depletion of the endothelial cell pool associated with an increase in corneal thickness. These changes were subclinical in nature and did not lead to significant pathological changes in the cornea (no signs of hyperreflectivity were observed on optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment). Thus, the safety of THz irradiation at a frequency of 2.3 THz within the range of used intensities and exposure durations was confirmed in vivo study.

PMID:40879925 | DOI:10.1007/s10517-025-06471-2

Arch Osteoporos. 2025 Aug 29;20(1):118. doi: 10.1007/s11657-025-01600-w.

ABSTRACT

In middle-aged adults, we evaluated the associations between multimorbidity count and patterns with fall- and fracture-related hospitalisations. Falls risk increased linearly with multimorbidity count, and certain multimorbidity patterns were associated with increased risks of falls and fractures. Multimorbidity count and pattern should therefore be considered when risk stratifying patients.

PURPOSE: Although multimorbidity is recognised as a risk factor for falls and fractures, most studies are retrospective, and few have explored these relationships through statistically derived multimorbidity patterns. Our prospective cohort study with 4991 participants of the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study aged 45-69 years evaluated the associations of multimorbidity count and classes with incident fall- and fracture-related hospitalisations.

METHODS: Twenty-one morbidities were assessed at baseline, and four multimorbidity classes were identified using latent class analysis. Fall- and fracture-related hospitalisations were captured through the Western Australian Data Linkage System over a median follow-up of 7.9 years. Associations were examined using Cox regression models adjusting for sex, baseline age, lifestyle factors, and prior falls/fractures.

RESULTS: During follow-up, incident fall- and fracture-related hospitalisations were recorded for 177 (3.5%) and 197 (3.9%) participants, respectively. Each one-unit increase in multimorbidity count was associated with a 16% (95% CI, 7.8-25%) increased risk of fall-related hospitalisations. Multimorbidity scores of 9 and above (HR 2.32 [1.22-4.42]) showed an increased risk of fractures. Compared with the relatively healthy class, the cardiometabolic or mental health and musculoskeletal classes were associated with an increased risk of fall-related hospitalisations (HR 2.84 [1.76-4.59] and 1.78 [1.23-2.59], respectively). The cardiometabolic class was associated with an increased risk of fracture-related hospitalisations (HR 1.79 [1.04-3.07]).

CONCLUSION: In middle-aged adults, we showed that multimorbidity count and certain multimorbidity patterns were associated with increased risk for fall- and fracture-related hospitalisations. Multimorbidity should therefore be considered when assessing a patient’s risk of falls and fractures.

PMID:40879888 | DOI:10.1007/s11657-025-01600-w

Metabolomics. 2025 Aug 29;21(5):129. doi: 10.1007/s11306-025-02326-z.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Melatonin has been proposed to aid recovery following physical exercise; however, few studies have investigated its effects on tissue amino acid profile.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of post-exercise melatonin administration on tissue amino acid concentration and metabolic regulation.

METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats engaged in a 60-minute swimming session at 90% of their individual maximal aerobic capacity (iMAC), followed by the intraperitoneal administration of melatonin (EM; 10 mg·kg⁻¹) or a vehicle solution (Ex) of equivalent volume. The animals were euthanized at 1, 3, or 24 h post-treatment to facilitate the collection of liver and skeletal muscle samples. Tissue amino acid profiles were analyzed using flow-injection analysis (FIA) in conjunction with targeted mass spectrometry (MS). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Friedman test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Newman-Keuls post hoc test, and effect size (ES), with significance determined at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: No significant effects were observed in the liver tissue. However, in skeletal muscle, melatonin significantly increased the levels of several amino acids, including arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, ornithine, proline, and serine. Additionally, glycine levels were elevated 3 h post-exercise (EM3 > Ex3; p < 0.05), whereas methionine levels were reduced 24 h post-exercise in the melatonin group compared to control groups (EM24 < Ex24; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: Melatonin modulated the post-exercise amino acid profile in skeletal muscle, enhancing the levels of key metabolites involved in recovery and metabolic regulation, with no effects observed in liver tissue. These findings suggest a muscle-specific role for melatonin in supporting metabolic recovery after exercising.

PMID:40879884 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-025-02326-z

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2025 Sep;34(9):e70205. doi: 10.1002/pds.70205.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The potential of vancomycin to cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult intensive care patients is subject to debate due to suboptimal designs of past studies. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of initiating vancomycin versus one of several minimally nephrotoxic alternative antibiotics on the 14-day risk of AKI using the target trial emulation framework.

METHODS: A hypothetical trial was emulated using routinely collected data from 15 Dutch intensive care units (ICUs) spanning 2010-2019. We used an active comparator control group with the following alternative antibiotics: clindamycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, meropenem, cefazolin, and daptomycin. AKI was diagnosed according to the KDIGO serum creatinine (SCr) criteria. Cumulative incidence curves were estimated using the Aalen-Johansen method and adjusted for confounding and selection bias through inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighting. Given the time lag of 24-48 h between changes in renal function and SCr, we summarized the estimates by calculating the absolute risks and risk differences at both 2 and 14 days after initiation.

RESULTS: We included 1809 ICU admissions. After adjustment, vancomycin was associated with a higher risk of AKI at 14 days of follow-up compared to the alternative antibiotics (0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21-0.34] vs. 0.17 [95% CI 0.14-0.20]; risk difference 0.11 [95% CI 0.04-0.19]), but not at 2 days of follow-up (0.10 [95% CI 0.06-0.12] vs. 0.10 [95% CI 0.08-0.11]; risk difference 0.00 [95% CI -0.03-0.03]).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that vancomycin causes a higher risk of AKI compared to the alternative antibiotics. We recommend clinicians to be compliant with vancomycin-induced AKI prevention strategies, such as therapeutic drug monitoring or the consideration of an alternative antibiotic if possible.

PMID:40878006 | DOI:10.1002/pds.70205

J Invest Surg. 2025 Dec;38(1):2540814. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2025.2540814. Epub 2025 Aug 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients is often associated with significant perioperative pain. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and pericapsular nerve group block (PENGB) in elderly patients undergoing THA.

METHODS: This retrospective study included two patient groups: the PENGB group (n = 62) and the FICB group (n = 64). The primary outcome was the analgesic efficacy, assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores at multiple postoperative time points. Secondary outcomes included motor blockade, the time to first rescue analgesia, postoperative analgesia quality and systemic inflammatory responses.

RESULTS: PENGB provided significantly superior analgesia at 6 and 12 h postoperatively, as evidenced by lower VAS pain scores compared to the FICB group. Motor blockade was also less pronounced in the PENGB group at 3 and 6 h post-surgery. The time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the PENGB group, indicating more sustained pain control. Additionally, PENGB was associated with reduced use of patient-controlled analgesia pumps and lower total sufentanil consumption. At 24 h postoperatively, interleukin-6 levels were significantly lower in the PENGB group, suggesting an attenuated inflammatory response.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to FICB, PENGB provided superior analgesia in elderly patients undergoing THA.

PMID:40878001 | DOI:10.1080/08941939.2025.2540814

BMC Psychol. 2025 Aug 28;13(1):979. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03357-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent sleep disorder associated with impaired sleep quality and adverse psychological outcomes. The potential mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between sleep quality and mental well-being in OSAS remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether psychological resilience mediates the relationship between sleep quality and mental well-being in patients with newly diagnosed OSAS.

METHODS: A total of 301 patients with newly diagnosed OSAS and 104 age-matched healthy controls were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). Group differences were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the indirect effect of sleep quality on mental well-being through psychological resilience. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 21.0 software.

RESULTS: Poor sleep quality was significantly more common among females, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, single participants, and those with higher education levels. Sleep quality was negatively correlated with psychological resilience (r = – 0.58) and mental well-being (r = – 0.43). Mediation analysis revealed that psychological resilience significantly mediated the relationship between sleep quality and mental well-being (β = – 0.26, 95% CI: – 0.33 to – 0.19, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that psychological resilience plays an important role in the link between poor sleep quality and diminished mental well-being in individuals with OSAS. Interventions aimed at enhancing resilience may offer psychological benefits in managing this population.

PMID:40877995 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03357-w

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Aug 28;17(1):254. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01310-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal combination of factors such as rest duration, type of activity, and individual variability for maximizing post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) following plyometric conditioning activity (plyometric CA) remains a subject of debate. To investigate the effects of different rest periods (4, 8, and 12 min) on performance following plyometric CA, this randomized controlled study was conducted.

METHODS: Twenty physically active men were included in this study (mean ± SD: age 20.74 ± 1.94 years, with a range of 18-24 years, body weight 70.61 ± 3.01 kg, and height 176 ± 1.8 cm). Participants familiarized themselves with the plyometric CA protocol through a preliminary session involving three sets of ten tuck jumps to ensure proper technique. A familiarization test was performed on the first day. They performed in a vertical jump test with different rest periods (4, 8, 12 min) between tests, set at 48-hour intervals and the randomized design was compared to the control group. The data obtained were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests in SPSS 25 and Microsoft Office Excel.

RESULTS: Although no statistically significant differences were observed between conditions (p > 0.05), a consistent increasing trend in performance indicators was noted following 4-, 8-, and 12-minute rest intervals. Compared to the control condition, jump height increased by 2.81%, 2.95%, and 3.01%; peak power output (PPO) increased by 1.84%, 1.94%, and 2.59%; and PPO relative to total body mass increased by 2.04%, 2.06%, and 2.15%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the findings highlight the complexity of rest interval effects on PAPE and suggest the necessity of individualized rest strategies to optimize athletic performance.

PMID:40877978 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-025-01310-3

Malar J. 2025 Aug 28;24(1):278. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05535-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vector control has played a pivotal role in malaria control and elimination efforts, with insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) recognized as one of the most effective and widely accepted strategies. This study assessed ITN use and identified factors associated with non-use among individuals with access to ITNs in Myanmar.

METHODS: Data were drawn from the nationally representative 2015-2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. Access to ITNs was defined as having at least one ITN per two household members, and ITN use as having slept under an ITN the night before the survey. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted using the “svyset” command in STATA to account for the two-stage stratified cluster sampling design.

RESULTS: Among 6,140 individuals with access to ITNs, approximately one-third (31.6%, 95% CI 28.3%-35.0%) reported not using them. Factors associated with higher odds of ITN non-use were age 15-34 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.31; 95% CI 1.07-1.61) and ≥ 50 years (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.07-1.67), rural residence (aOR: 1.82; 95% CI 1.10-3.01), and belonging to the fourth wealth quintile, representing higher socioeconomic status (aOR: 1.74; 95% CI 1.06-2.85).

CONCLUSIONS: Despite having access to ITNs at that time, a substantial proportion of individuals in Myanmar did not use them. These historical findings highlight behavioural and contextual barriers that existed before recent health system disruptions due to political unrest and COVID-19. Although present-day challenges differ, understanding past determinants of ITN non-use remains valuable for designing behaviour change communication (BCC) strategies, especially in regions where ITN distribution remains feasible.

PMID:40877931 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05535-y