Category: Nevin Manimala

Ann Biomed Eng. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s10439-026-04048-2. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41758489 | DOI:10.1007/s10439-026-04048-2

Metabolomics. 2026 Feb 27;22(2):29. doi: 10.1007/s11306-026-02401-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolomic data offers insights into disease mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic targets by analyzing metabolic profiles. In analyzing these profiles, traditional bioinformatic and statistical approaches, while valuable, often struggle to process high-dimensional and nonlinear metabolic data, lacking the sensitivity and adaptability that artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques provide. The integration of AI/ML has greatly enhanced the metabolomics field, enabling biomarker identification, disease prediction, and classification of metabolic patterns at an unprecedented level.

AIM OF REVIEW: This study analyses and compares the scientific goals, methodologies, datasets, and sources of AI/ML approaches applied to metabolomic data, as well as assessing their implications in precision medicine. We systematically reviewed recent advancements in AI/ML applications to metabolomic data, focusing on peer-reviewed research indexed in PubMed. Significant number of studies were analyzed, covering diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Our results showed that the most used AI/ML techniques were SVM, RF, Gradient Boosting, and Logistic Regression, highlighting their effectiveness in processing complex metabolic data. Despite these advancements, key challenges persist in AI/ML applications to metabolomics data, including small cohort sizes, data heterogeneity, and the need for improved model interpretability, and these challenges must be considered for future use.

KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Ultimately, our findings underscore the transformative potential of AI/ML in metabolomics and its critical role in advancing precision medicine by uncovering novel metabolic pathways, improving treatment strategies, and enabling the earlier diagnosis of diseases through predictive metabolic profiling.

PMID:41758481 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-026-02401-z

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2026 Feb 27;152(2):52. doi: 10.1007/s00432-026-06432-w.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTs) are critical for the personalized management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), but they are limited by time, costs, and resource demands. With recent advances in large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, there is growing interest in evaluating their potential role in augmenting MDT workflows. This study aimed to assess the clinical performance of ChatGPT-4o in real-world STS cases using predefined evaluation criteria, comparing its treatment suggestions with expert MDT decisions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 152 patients presented to the multidisciplinary sarcoma tumor board. ChatGPT-4o was prompted to generate guideline-based treatment recommendations based on anonymized tumor board registration letters. Outputs were scored by blinded expert reviewers using a five-domain framework: diagnostic modalities, therapeutic modalities, treatment sequencing/timing, chemotherapy regimen, and clinical contextualization. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric ANOVA with post hoc tests assessed performance, including subgroup analysis by sarcoma subtype.

RESULTS: ChatGPT-4o scores were significantly lower than the maximum achievable value of 1.0 across all five criteria (all p < 0.0001). Among individual domains, clinical contextualization significantly outperformed all other criteria in pairwise comparisons (all p < 0.05). No significant performance differences were observed across sarcoma subtypes (H = 19.74, p = 0.138).

CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT-4o demonstrated substantial expert-rated performance in generating tumor board recommendations for soft tissue sarcoma cases, particularly excelling in personalized contextualization. Discrepancies in treatment sequencing and chemotherapy selection highlight the need for expert oversight. These findings support the feasibility of LLM integration into oncology workflows, warranting further refinement toward safe, supportive clinical use.

PMID:41758476 | DOI:10.1007/s00432-026-06432-w

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-026-37546-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Air pollution remains a persistent environmental and public health concern in urban regions. This study presents a 22-year analysis (2001-2022) of coarse particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations across 15 monitoring stations in the Porto Metropolitan Area (PMA), Portugal. The stations, pre-classified by national authorities as traffic, background-urban, background-suburban, or industrial, were used to assess long-term temporal trends and spatial variability. Annual mean PM₁₀ concentrations were calculated and linear regression was applied to evaluate trends. Differences between station types were tested using statistical analysis. The results revealed consistent decline in PM₁₀ levels from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s, followed by stagnation or increases at several stations in the final years of the series. While higher concentrations were historically observed at traffic and industrial sites, no statistically significant differences in annual mean PM₁₀ concentrations were found between stations of different classifications or within classifications, even when comparing distinct time periods. This homogeneity suggests widespread regional exposure, likely driven by shared emission sources, atmospheric transport, and urban development patterns across the PMA. When compared to World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines, exceedances were frequent and persistent. From 2001 to 2011, nearly all stations with valid data exceeded the 2005 guideline of 20 µg/m³. Between 2012 and 2020, the exceedances gradually decreased, although several stations still surpassed the guideline. However, under the 2021 WHO guideline (15 µg/m³), all stations with valid data for 2021 and 2022 again exceeded the guideline. These findings highlight the need for integrated, long-term air quality policies. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

PMID:41758433 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-026-37546-w

Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2026 Mar-Apr;61(2):e70214. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.70214.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) working in dysphagia care regularly navigate complex ethical dilemmas involving clinical risk, patient autonomy and cultural considerations. While ethical principles are well-recognized in the field, consolidated evidence mapping how these principles and ethical reasoning components have been represented in the literature over time remains limited. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of ethical challenges in dysphagia management across decades and contexts, uniquely structured using Rest’s Four-Component Model of ethical behaviour.

METHOD: This scoping review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A systematic search of databases from 1990 to 2024 identified 22 peer-reviewed articles. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis, with ethical principles and components classified according to Beauchamp and Childress and Rest’s Four-Component Model.

MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS: Analysis revealed evolving ethical priorities within interdisciplinary roles and responsibilities of SLTs. These ethical priorities suggest the importance of ethical decision- making and person-centred care in dysphagia management, specifically foregrounded by the focus on the principles of autonomy and informed consent and the components of moral judgement and sensitivity.

CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the dynamic and complex ethical landscape of dysphagia management, emphasizing the need for cultural awareness and respect, shared decision-making and evidence-based practice. To navigate these challenges, SLTs require continuous education, interdisciplinary collaboration and adaptable ethical frameworks. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of ethical challenges and considerations through longitudinal, theory-informed analyses using Rest’s Four Component model. This model is useful in breaking down complexity into understandable psychological steps, identifying gaps, guiding education and culture by fostering genuine ethical conduct beyond intellectual understanding across decades, geographic regions and professional roles in SLT.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject The field of dysphagia often places SLTs at the intersection of clinical care, patient preferences and ethical decision-making, making the consideration of ethical principles an integral part of their practice. What this paper adds to existing knowledge A comprehensive synthesis of ethical challenges and considerations in dysphagia spanning multiple decades, geographic regions and methodological approaches using Rest’s Four-Component Model to classify ethical components. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Cultural awareness and shared decision making are vital aspects in dysphagia management, with the use of telepractice raising ethical concerns related to equity, privacy and informed consent.

PMID:41758432 | DOI:10.1111/1460-6984.70214

AIDS Behav. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s10461-026-05083-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In 2022, over two thirds of individuals diagnosed with HIV in the United States were people of color, half resided in the south, and 67% of new cases were attributed to male-to male sexual transmission (Centers For Disease Control, 2024). To combat these health disparities, the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative recommends that HIV prevention research focus on targeted populations and geographic regions with high rates of new HIV diagnosis. There are limited data on the relative efficiency of social media and dating apps for the recruitment of key EHE populations to HIV prevention studies. The LITE-2 Study aimed to recruit a national sample of approximately 3,000 young men who have sex with men (YMSM), at least 30% Black/African American and 30% Hispanic/Latino. This analysis compared the success of different social media platforms in relation to study goals, using descriptive statistics from the LITE-2 study (N = 2999) to assess enrollment count, eligibility rates, cost, and geographic distribution for each platform. Facebook had the highest enrollment rate, 45.38%, among eligible screeners. The cost per enrolled participant for Grindr, Sniffies, Scruff, Jack’d, and Adam4Adam was $118.02, $129.46, $220.59, $252.53, and $305.56 respectively. Jack’d had the highest proportion of Black participants, and Sniffies the highest proportion of Hispanic/Latino individuals. Use of Scruff resulted in enrollment of the highest proportion of participants in the rural EHE jurisdictions (47.1%). These findings inform digital recruitment strategies for future studies with similar racial/ethnic and geographic targets.

PMID:41758405 | DOI:10.1007/s10461-026-05083-9

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2026 Feb 27;146(1):91. doi: 10.1007/s00402-026-06207-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary vascular bone tumors are rare, spanning from benign to highly malignant lesions. Pelvic and extremity involvement is uncommon, and differentiation between benign and malignant tumors remains challenging due to overlapping radiological and pathological features. This study aimed to identify imaging predictors of malignancy and evaluate clinical outcomes in vascular bone tumors of the pelvis and extremities.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 18 patients diagnosed with vascular bone tumors between 2013 and 2024. Tumors were classified as benign (hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma; n = 11) or malignant (angiosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; n = 7). Demographic, radiological (plain radiographs, MRI, CT), and clinical data were collected. Cortical expansion/destruction, pathological fractures, soft tissue components, and tumor size were assessed. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and ROC analysis to identify predictors of malignancy.

RESULTS: Median age was 41.0 years for benign and 53.0 years for malignant tumors. Soft tissue components were significantly more frequent in malignant tumors (57% vs. 9%, p = 0.025), and tumor size was larger (mean 9.0 cm vs. 3.7 cm, p = 0.001). Cortical expansion, destruction, and pathological fractures did not differ significantly. ROC analysis suggested that larger tumor size (≥ 5.5 cm in this cohort) was associated with malignancy with 85.7% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity (AUC = 0.929, p = 0.003) and should be interpreted as an exploratory finding. All benign tumors underwent intralesional curettage, with no recurrences or complications observed. In contrast, malignant tumors exhibited high rates of relapse and mortality, with only one patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma surviving with stable disease at 112 months.

CONCLUSION: In vascular bone tumors of the pelvis and extremities, the presence of a soft tissue component and tumor size ≥ 5.5 cm are among the most useful radiological features associated with malignancy. While benign lesions generally have excellent outcomes with curettage, malignant tumors are associated with a poor prognosis. Histopathological confirmation remains essential, and larger series are needed to refine diagnostic and prognostic criteria.

PMID:41758394 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-026-06207-5

Int Urogynecol J. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s00192-026-06523-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: High impact physical activity (PA) in sportswomen is a risk factor for the development of stress-induced urinary incontinence and potentially for other dysfunctions of the pelvic floor. This study was aimed at assessing the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in professional female judo practitioners.

METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study included a total of 88 women practising professional judo and 88 women practising other sports disciplines. Participants completed Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) questionnaire to assess the condition of the lower urinary tract, along with sport-related data questionnaires and self-reported anthropometric measures.

RESULTS: Among 19.31% of women practising judo no LUTS were recorded and the majority of the remaining judo athletes (67.6%) indicated the occurrence of one or two symptoms. Urgency was the most common symptom (40.9%). Six of the 10 analysed LUTS were statistically significantly less frequent in female judo athletes and the average number of LUTS was statistically significantly lower in this group (95% CI 1.67-2.48 vs 2.9-3.94; p < 0.001). Severity of three symptoms (nocturia, incomplete emptying of the bladder and urethral pain) was statistically significantly lower in women practising judo and their overall CLSS score was statistically significantly lower (95% CI 1.96-3.1 vs 3.9-5.68; p < 0.001). These athletes were also more satisfied with the level of acceptance of the CLSS condition (95% CI 0.67-1.18 vs 1.19-1.84; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other disciplines, competitive judo is not a risk factor for increased LUTS; therefore, the level of health satisfaction with the condition of the lower urinary tract in women practising judo is high.

PMID:41758386 | DOI:10.1007/s00192-026-06523-9

J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000938. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the adherence of cervical cancer screening (CCS) to ASCCP guidelines in the United States within a single hybrid community-academic institution.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, pap smears from October 2022 through December 2023 were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Adherence with CCS was determined by collecting tests ordered, the interval between tests, and subsequent result management. The findings were classified as adherent (appropriate order, interval, and management) or nonadherent. Descriptive statistics were employed.

RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-eight pap smears were included; 225 (65%) were normal and 123 (35%) were abnormal. Two hundred thirty-two (67%) were nonadherent with ASCCP guidelines, while 116 (33%) were adherent. Of the nonadherent pap smears, 71 (31%) were ordered incorrectly, most commonly due to lack of HPV cotesting (87%); 190 (55%) were performed at an incorrect interval, most commonly due to an inappropriately short interval (89%); and 63 (18%) were managed inappropriately, most commonly due to lack of indicated colposcopy (57%) or unnecessary colposcopy (33%). Based on specific cytology results, overall adherence, appropriateness of interval, and order type did not vary between results (p=.18, p=.71, p=.23, respectively); however, the subsequent management was significantly different based on the cytology (p<.001). There were significant differences among provider type (p=.01) and practice (p<.001), but no difference by age, BMI, or medical comorbidity.

CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the majority of pap smears were nonadherent, largely due to underutilization of HPV cotesting, overscreening, and lack of indicated colposcopy. With clear guidelines available, there is significant room for improvement.

PMID:41758382 | DOI:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000938

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s00210-026-05092-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the post-marketing safety profile of voretigene neparvovec using a large spontaneous reporting database. This is a. retrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality study. Adverse event (AE) reports for voretigene neparvovec were retrieved from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), Q1 2019-Q1 2025. Disproportionality was assessed using reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), information component (IC), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM). Signals were summarized at the System Organ Class (SOC) and Preferred Term (PT) levels. A total of 128 AE reports were included. The median patient age was 18 years, with adolescents and young adults comprising the majority. The primary sources of reports were physicians (44.53%) and consumers (43.75%), with intraocular injection being the most frequently reported route of administration (25.00%). Signal analysis revealed that ocular disorders had the highest number of reports and the most prominent signal strength (e.g., retinal degeneration: ROR = 3742.02, IC025 = 6.93; retinal depigmentation: ROR = 8865.67, IC025 = 8.37). Other significant signals included vitreous floaters (ROR = 1497.43, IC025 = 5.43) and elevated intraocular pressure (ROR = 473.10, IC025 = 4.37). In contrast, systemic events such as headache and ocular pain showed weaker signals that did not exceed the statistical significance threshold. In real-world use, voretigene neparvovec is mainly associated with ocular AEs linked to surgical delivery and local inflammatory responses, notably structural retinal changes and intraocular pressure elevations. These findings support careful preoperative assessment, optimized perioperative technique, and close postoperative monitoring. FAERS-based signals indicate association rather than causality and should be interpreted alongside prospective data. Clinical trial number is not applicable.

PMID:41758347 | DOI:10.1007/s00210-026-05092-4