Category: Nevin Manimala

Braz J Biol. 2025 Mar 14;85:e288450. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.288450. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the impact of moisture and wheat bran supplementation on the biological efficiency (BE) and nutritional profile of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm cultivated on peels of Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. Utilizing a factorial design, variations in substrate composition were systematically analyzed to determine optimal conditions for mushroom yield. The methodology encompassed strain acquisition, spawn and substrate preparation, fruiting induction, biological efficiency calculation, and chemical composition analysis of both substrate and mushrooms. Results highlighted a significant variance in BE across different levels of moisture and bran supplementation, with the highest BE (45.6%) observed at 50% moisture and 5% bran supplementation. Statistical analysis revealed that both factors, individually and interactively, significantly influence BE. The chemical analysis of mushrooms showcased a nutritious profile, emphasizing the potential of this cultivation approach for producing high-value food sources. The findings contribute to the understanding of substrate optimization for mushroom cultivation, and provides information on sustainable agricultural practices and food security.

PMID:40105669 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.288450

Immun Inflamm Dis. 2025 Mar;13(3):e70167. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70167.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immunosenescence has been associated with an imbalance in the lacrimal functional unit and histopathological changes in exocrine glands, especially in women.

OBJECTIVE: To define the main lymphocyte subpopulations in the human lacrimal gland and their variations with age and sex, according to scientific articles published between 1960 and 2023.

METHODS: A systematic review was performed on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were applied for the search and selection of studies. The methodological quality was evaluated with the STROBE guidelines. A meta-analysis of three selected articles dichotomizing lymphocytic infiltrates according to age group was also performed.

RESULTS: We selected 20 observational studies, including 774 healthy individuals (722 cadavers). The articles evaluated the lymphocyte infiltration with hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. There was high variability in the criteria to define the apparently human lacrimal and to quantify the lymphocytic infiltration. There was an underrepresentation of individuals younger than 40 years (12.6%), and female sex (38.9%). Three articles reported an association of age and sex with lymphocytic infiltration in the healthy lacrimal gland, while two articles did not. Plasma cells were the most abundant lymphocyte subpopulation in the healthy lacrimal gland, including IgA-containing plasma cells. B cells were reported to be very scarce in the LG in two articles. In the meta-analysis of three selected articles, no statistical difference in lymphocytic infiltration was found between individuals younger and older than 60.

CONCLUSION: There is the need of further observational studies, better defining the study design, with similar representation across sex and ages to ascertain what are the changes of lymphocytic composition in the lacrimal gland related to age and sex. Further studies are also needed to assess the dynamics of lymphocytic populations in a more detailed manner using cutting-edge methodologies such as single-cell sequencing or transcriptomics.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023435653 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023435653.

PMID:40105662 | DOI:10.1002/iid3.70167

Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2025 Mar 14;33:e4500. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.7255.4500. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: (1) Telehealth practices in PHC take place via voice connection. (2) The nursing team carries out the highest volume of telehealth activities in PHC. (3) Consultations accounted for the largest share of time and frequency of telehealth activities in PHC.

to describe the telehealth activities carried out by professionals in Primary Health Care (PHC).

descriptive observational study, using time-motion methodology. The sample consisted of 31 Family Health teams, 14 Oral Health teams and two multidisciplinary teams working in PHC. An adapted workload instrument was used to collect the data. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out considering the total time, average time and percentage of activities according to professional category and telehealth modality.

632 telehealth activities were observed, representing 2.67% of all activities. The most used modality was voice calls (60.28%). The average nursing consultation time was 4.86 minutes and 6.17 minutes for medical consultations. The greatest number of telehealth activities and time spent in PHC was carried out by the nursing team.

PHC professionals carry out a variety of telehealth activities, predominantly by voice connection, with the nursing team being the most expressive. In addition, the study shows the time dedicated and the distribution of activities, supporting discussions on the planning and sizing of the digital health workforce.

PMID:40105658 | DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.7255.4500

Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2025 Mar 14;33:e4440. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.7402.4440. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: (1) Health literacy of riverine populations is inadequate. (2) Health literacy was not associated with quality of life. (3) Health literacy was associated with sociodemographic aspects of riverine populations. (4) Quality of life was related to the sociodemographic profile of riverine populations.

to analyze functional health literacy and health-related quality of life in riverine populations using primary care services, according to sociodemographic variables.

an analytical, cross-sectional study with 312 users of the riverine family health strategy. Data were collected using a health literacy test, the 12-item Health Survey, and a socioeconomic questionnaire adapted by the researchers. Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as well as multiple logistic regression were performed, considering p≤0.05.

65.7% presented inadequate functional health literacy, with higher risk for men (p<0.001), aged 40-49 (p=0.010) and 50-59 years (p=0.031), incomplete (p<0.001) and complete (p=0.024) elementary education, and residing far from health services (p<0.001). Quality of life showed no association with health literacy. However, lower quality of life was related to female gender (p=0.049), incomplete elementary education (p=0.016), use of mobile phones with internet and radio (p=0.013), advanced age (p<0.001), increased number of children (p=0.002), and lower age at the start of work activities (p<0.001).

functional health literacy of riverine populations is inadequate and not associated with quality of life. However, both are influenced by the sociodemographic profile.

PMID:40105656 | DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.7402.4440

J Rural Health. 2025 Jan;41(1):e70016. doi: 10.1111/jrh.70016.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) residing in rural (vs. urban) areas report higher tobacco use rates. Less work has assessed associations of rural-urban residential movement/stability with SMYAs’ tobacco use and factors driving these associations.

METHODS: We analyzed 2023 survey data from 1082 US SMYAs (aged 18-34). Multivariable regressions controlling for sociodemographics examined associations of: (1) rural-urban movement/stability (urban stability, rural-urban movement, rural stability [REF]) with minority stress-related factors (mental health symptoms, internalized stigma), perceived tobacco norms (peer tobacco use, social acceptability of tobacco use), and tobacco use (past-month cigarette, e-cigarette, any tobacco use, number of products used); and (2) minority stress-related factors and tobacco norms with tobacco use.

FINDINGS: Relative to SMYAs reporting rural stability, those reporting rural-urban movement and urban stability displayed lower odds of any tobacco use and mental health symptoms, and less peer tobacco use. Those reporting rural-urban movement also reported lower odds of cigarette use and less internalized stigma. Peer tobacco use was associated with higher odds of cigarette and any tobacco use; reporting ≥ moderate mental health symptoms and greater internalized stigma and social acceptability was associated with higher odds of cigarette use.

CONCLUSIONS: These novel findings provide preliminary evidence that, relative to their SM peers who reside in rural areas, SMYAs who move from rural to urban areas may experience less minority stress-related factors and lower tobacco use norms, which may reduce risk for cigarette and other tobacco use. Findings highlight the need for public health messaging interventions targeting SMYAs in rural communities.

PMID:40102197 | DOI:10.1111/jrh.70016

Anaesthesia. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.1111/anae.16563. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous lidocaine is a promising complementary strategy for sedation during surgical procedures. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare intravenous lidocaine with placebo as an adjuvant to propofol-based sedation in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases for randomised controlled trials comparing sedation with propofol and lidocaine vs. propofol and placebo in patients undergoing colonoscopy. The primary outcome was total propofol dose. A random-effects model was used to estimate the mean differences and risk ratios.

RESULTS: We included eight trials with 520 patients. Compared with placebo, intravenous lidocaine reduced propofol consumption during the procedure (mean difference (95%CI): -42.93 mg (-62.89 to -22.97)); shortened awakening time (mean difference (95%CI): -3.38 minutes (-5.92 to -0.84)); reduced post-procedural pain scores (mean difference (95%CI): -1.38 (-2.72 to -0.04)); and increased patient satisfaction scores (mean difference (95%CI): 0.50 (0.30 to 0.70)). There were no significant differences between the groups in procedure duration; endoscopist satisfaction scores; and risk of hypoxia or hypotension.

DISCUSSION: In patients undergoing colonoscopy, the addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation reduced propofol consumption, shortened awakening time, mitigated post-procedural pain and enhanced patient satisfaction compared with placebo. Although the findings are statistically significant, clinical relevance and cost-effectiveness are unclear.

PMID:40102176 | DOI:10.1111/anae.16563

Med Phys. 2025 Mar 18. doi: 10.1002/mp.17764. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To minimize radiation exposure while obtaining high-quality Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images, various methods have been developed to derive standard-count PET (SPET) images from low-count PET (LPET) images. Although deep learning methods have enhanced LPET images, they rarely utilize the rich complementary information from MR images. Even when MR images are used, these methods typically employ early, intermediate, or late fusion strategies to merge features from different CNN streams, failing to fully exploit the complementary properties of multimodal fusion.

PURPOSE: In this study, we introduce a novel multimodal feature-guided diffusion model, termed MFG-Diff, designed for the denoising of LPET images with the full utilization of MRI.

METHODS: MFG-Diff replaces random Gaussian noise with LPET images and introduces a novel degradation operator to simulate the physical degradation processes of PET imaging. Besides, it uses a novel cross-modal guided restoration network to fully exploit the modality-specific features provided by the LPET and MR images and utilizes a multimodal feature fusion module employing cross-attention mechanisms and positional encoding at multiple feature levels for better feature fusion.

RESULTS: Under four counts (2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, and 25%), the images generated by our proposed network showed superior performance compared to those produced by other networks in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations, as well as in statistical analysis. In particular, the peak-signal-to-noise ratio of the generated PET images improved by more than 20% under a 2.5% count, the structural similarity index improved by more than 16%, and the root mean square error reduced by nearly 50%. On the other hand, our generated PET images had significant correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.9924), consistency, and excellent quantitative evaluation results with the SPET images.

CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method outperformed existing state-of-the-art LPET denoising models and can be used to generate highly correlated and consistent SPET images obtained from LPET images.

PMID:40102174 | DOI:10.1002/mp.17764

J Voice. 2025 Mar 17:S0892-1997(25)00093-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2025.02.047. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of injection laryngoplasty using ultrasound marking in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis after thyroidectomy compared with injection laryngoplasty without ultrasound marking.

METHODS: Ten patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis after thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed. There were five patients in the ultrasound marking group and matched five patients in the non-ultrasound marking group. Auditory-perceptual evaluation, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic analysis, and Voice Handicap Index-30 were performed on all patients before and 1 month after injection laryngoplasty.

RESULTS: In all patients, auditory-perceptual parameters and the Voice Handicap Index-30 revealed statistically significant improvements following injection laryngoplasty. No adverse effects were observed in any patient. The Voice Handicap Index-30 and the injection laryngoplasty procedure time were substantially reduced in the ultrasound marking group compared to that in the non-ultrasound marking group. However, other parameters did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between the two groups before and 1 month after injection laryngoplasty.

CONCLUSION: Injection laryngoplasty with ultrasound marking is an easy, rapid, and convenient method for patients who experienced unilateral vocal fold paralysis following thyroidectomy.

PMID:40102159 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2025.02.047

Allergol Int. 2025 Mar 17:S1323-8930(25)00013-9. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2025.02.003. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40102152 | DOI:10.1016/j.alit.2025.02.003

J Pediatr Urol. 2025 Mar 4:S1477-5131(25)00130-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.039. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term efficacy of modified plate reconstruction and tubularization urethroplasty for posterior hypospadias.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of posterior hypospadias patients who were newly diagnosed and underwent plate reconstruction and tubularization urethroplasty (PRTU) or modified PRTU. Surgical modifications were to reconstruct the glans segment of the urethra with a free flap, thus presenting an orthotopic urethral opening, and to preserve the Buck’s fascia at the coronal sulcus for approximately 1 cm to enhance coverage of the shaped urethra. Regular follow-up was taken in clinic or online. We compared complication rate, HOSE score and uroflowmetry testing results between these two groups.

RESULTS: A total of 107 children underwent either PRTU or modified PRTU, and 102 of them were fully followed-up (55 cases of PRTU and 47 cases of modified PRTU). All of the patients were diagnosed with posterior hypospadias. The age at operation ranged from 1 year to 1 month to 14 years old (mean age 3 years and 2 months). The postoperative follow-up period ranged from six to 63 months, with an average follow-up period of 23.2 months, and 102 patients provided comprehensive post-operative data, exhibiting a comprehensive follow-up rate of 95.3 %. There’s a statistically significant difference in the incidence of dehiscence of urethra between PRTU group (10 cases) and modified PRTU group (2 cases).

CONCLUSION: Modified PRTU is a safe, practical, and effective method for hypospadias. This procedure is appropriate for repairing posterior-type hypospadias combined with penoscrotal transposition, while reducing the risk of postoperative urethral dehiscence and achieve good appearance.

PMID:40102138 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.039