Category: Nevin Manimala

Front Psychol. 2025 Jan 10;15:1435110. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1435110. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a prevalent issue among cancer patients. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an individualized intervention that empowers patients and caregivers to actively participate in the treatment process. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of CBT on fatigue in cancer patients.

METHODS: Articles published up to April 2023 were systematically searched in Scopus, PubMed, and the Web of Science using relevant keywords. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of CBT on fatigue in cancer patients were included. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 14, with a significance level set at a p-value of <0.05.

RESULTS: The current systematic review and meta-analysis encompasses 10 RCTs. CBT demonstrated a significant reduction in fatigue scores among cancer patients [standardized mean difference (WMD): -2.50; 95%CI: -3.43, -1.56; I2 = 95.8%, p < 0.001]. This effect was consistent across all subgroup analyses.

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significant impact of CBT on fatigue in cancer patients. Further randomized clinical trials focusing on various cancer types are warranted to validate and build upon these findings.

PMID:39868024 | PMC:PMC11757875 | DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1435110

Nurs Res Pract. 2025 Jan 17;2025:9371969. doi: 10.1155/nrp/9371969. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is constantly improving the quality of medical procedures. Despite the application of AI in the healthcare industry, there are conflicting opinions among professionals, and limited research on its practical application in Saudi Arabia was conducted.

AIM: To assess the nurses’ knowledge regarding the application of AI in practice at one of the Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional research using convenience sampling in January 2023 involving 307 staff nurses, using a single 11-item questionnaire. In addition, 6 closed-ended questions were used to assess the knowledge, possible risks, and advantages of AI.

RESULTS: All 307 participants completed the survey and used it for data analysis using SPSS V.25. Kruskal-Wallis and Whitney tests and descriptive statistics were used to identify the significant differences among groups. The study results reveal significant differences between age groups and working locations regarding familiarity with AI and future use of AI. In contrast, a considerable difference exists between licensed years groups regarding familiarity with AI. Surprisingly, education level does not affect AI knowledge. Additionally, the future use of AI is significantly affected by the nurse’s gender.

LIMITATION: Nurses were not included in previous studies on AI, and most nursing participants need more interest in AI.

CONCLUSION: The study’s results showed that nurses have positive opinions of AI in the healthcare industry, which will help them speed up procedures and reduce medical errors. AI applications can expand in healthcare by increasing the use of AI in the healthcare industry to improve care quality and encourage academic institutions to develop best practices for deploying AI applications in the healthcare industry.

PMID:39868007 | PMC:PMC11759569 | DOI:10.1155/nrp/9371969

Surv Methodol. 2024;50(2):347-373. Epub 2024 Dec 20.

ABSTRACT

When seeking to release public use files for confidential data, statistical agencies can generate fully synthetic data. We propose an approach for making fully synthetic data from surveys collected with complex sampling designs. Our approach adheres to the general strategy proposed by Rubin (1993). Specifically, we generate pseudo-populations by applying the weighted finite population Bayesian bootstrap to account for survey weights, take simple random samples from those pseudo-populations, estimate synthesis models using these simple random samples, and release simulated data drawn from the models as public use files. To facilitate variance estimation, we use the framework of multiple imputation with two data generation strategies. In the first, we generate multiple data sets from each simple random sample. In the second, we generate a single synthetic data set from each simple random sample. We present multiple imputation combining rules for each setting. We illustrate the repeated sampling properties of the combining rules via simulation studies, including comparisons with synthetic data generation based on pseudo-likelihood methods. We apply the proposed methods to a subset of data from the American Community Survey.

PMID:39868003 | PMC:PMC11759325

Front Educ (Lausanne). 2023;8:1183994. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1183994. Epub 2024 Jan 4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 13% of adolescents and is associated with substance use-related morbidity and mortality. While evidence on effective interventions to reduce alcohol use among adolescents with ADHD is limited, parent-teen communication about alcohol use has been found to be protective. Other approaches, such as educational interventions, hold promise to reduce alcohol-related harms in adolescents with ADHD. Digital technology offers an innovative approach to health behavior change, expanding access to services and may promote learning for neurodiverse youth, including teens with ADHD. INSPIRE, a narrative-centered game-based behavior change environment designed to promote self-regulation and self-efficacy to prevent risky alcohol use has been found to engage a general adolescent population. The goals of this pilot study are (1) to examine the engagement of youth with ADHD in INSPIRE; and (2) to examine if INSPIRE fosters parent-teen communication.

METHOD: Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD aged 14-16 were recruited from developmental medicine clinics and invited to a focus group offered via Zoom. Participants completed a pre-survey, interacted with the INSPIRE game, and answered a post-survey as well as open-ended questions about their gaming experience during the focus group. Engagement was measured through both self-report using subscales from the User Engagement Scale and computer data; survey and qualitative data collected information on parent-teen communication. Univariate statistics described adolescent characteristics, Rank-sum and Fisher’s exact tests examined relationships among variables, and qualitative analysis identified themes in open-ended questions.

RESULTS: Of adolescent participants (N = 40), 45% identified as female, 17.5% Black, 7.5%, Hispanic, and 62.5% White. Post-survey mean engagement subscales of Usability (on a 5-point scale) was 3.67 (SD = 0.74), and Satisfaction was 3.63 (SD = 0.75). Computer data indicated that participants played the game for a median of 24 min. Adolescents shared that playing the game strengthened refusal skills and their ability to navigate social gatherings with alcohol. Post-survey, 63% planned to share information from INSPIRE with a parent.

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that INSPIRE may support facilitating youth with ADHD to learn the developmental competencies needed to mitigate risk and thrive. INSPIRE warrants further testing to explore its impact on alcohol use in youth with ADHD.

PMID:39868002 | PMC:PMC11759477 | DOI:10.3389/feduc.2023.1183994

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2025 Jan 21;18:279-290. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S502132. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The effect of the diurnal temperature range (DTR) on human health in diverse geographic areas and the potential confounding factors are not fully understood. Additionally, while a robust association has been reported between temperature and cardiomyopathy (CM), evidence of the impact of DTR is relatively limited. Here, we determined whether an association exists between DTR and CM hospitalisations in vulnerable populations.

METHODS: CM admission data (2016-2021) were collected from seven tertiary hospitals in Henan.We used a GAM combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to investigate the delayed effects of DTR on daily hospitalisations for CM.Stratified analysis was performed in subgroups according to sex, age, and season. Attributable fractions (AF) and attributable numbers (AN) were employed to illustrate the disease burden and investigate the association between temperature and DTR.

RESULTS: Overall, 5,757 CM cases were identified. DTR and CM admissions exhibited a non-linear correlation. High DTR (P95: 15.5 °C) and low DTR (P05: 3 °C) increased CM admission risk, with low DTR having a stronger effect. Males and warm seasons were significantly more susceptible to DTR, and low DTR affected youth and adults more than older adults. AF and AN of low DTR on CM admissions were 51% and 2,936, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a significant association between DTR and CM hospitalisations, providing valuable insights for the development targeted prevention and control measures.

PMID:39867988 | PMC:PMC11761851 | DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S502132

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2025 Jan 22;18:207-221. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S501140. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim was to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of LED light therapy combined with photoacceptor substances having anti-acne properties in reducing the symptoms of acne vulgaris.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 15 subjects aged 20 to 24 who suffered from moderate or severe acne lesions. The treatments were performed using a LED device (465-880 nm). Blue light – 465 nm in combination with red light – 640 nm in pulsed mode and near-infrared light – 880 nm were used in the treatments. Each patient underwent 6 treatments, with intervals between treatments of 7 days. 3D images and biomechanical measurements were performed before first and fourth treatments and 6 weeks after the last. Additionally, photographic documentation was made 7 days after the 6th treatment.

RESULTS: The series of treatments significantly influenced the clinical condition of the patients’ skin. The treatments had a statistically significant impact on the intensity of erythema on the left and right cheeks. The hydration of the stratum corneum in all the examined areas of the face changed significantly after the treatments. Greater hydration was achieved six weeks after six treatments compared to the values obtained prior to treatment and after three treatments. The activity of sebaceous glands and, consequently, the amount of sebum on the epidermal surface in all the examined areas of the face changed significantly after the treatments. The treatments had a statistically significant impact on the volume of atrophic scars.

CONCLUSION: Therapy combining LED light with photoacceptor substances is an effective method of reducing the symptoms of acne vulgaris. The treatments lead to a significant reduction in erythema, reduction in the volume of atrophic scars, improvement of skin hydration and regulation of sebum secretion. These effects can be identified quantitatively. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long-term effectiveness and safety of this method.

PMID:39867974 | PMC:PMC11766709 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S501140

Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jan 10;11:1492407. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1492407. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of sequentially comprehensive treatment based on surgery and to furnish clinical evidence for the management of keloids.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients with keloids were retrospectively analyzed who underwent surgery-based sequentially comprehensive treatment at the Plastic Surgery Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to August 2021. The recurrence rate and incidence of adverse reactions were explored for all the included patients. For patients who were followed up for more than 1 year, the clinical response rate was calculated, and the chi-square test was used to analyze which factors could influence clinical effectiveness. Binary logistic analysis was performed on the factors with statistical differences. For patients with a follow-up time of less than 1-year, paired t-test was used to evaluate their Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) before and after treatment.

RESULTS: A total of 67 patients with 80 keloids were included. The clinical response rate was 81.5% (44/54), the recurrence rate was 15.0% (12/80) and the adverse reaction rate was 4.5% (3/67). The clinical response rate of tumor-type keloids (95.8%) was higher than that of inflammatory-type (70.0%) with a significant difference (P = 0.040). After treatment, the color, blood vessel distribution, softness, thickness, and VSS score were all decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The sequentially comprehensive treatment based on surgery has a significant curative effect, as well as a low recurrence rate and a low adverse effect rate. The type of keloid has a statistically significant effect on clinical efficacy, and tumor-type keloids are more suitable for sequentially comprehensive treatment based on surgery.

PMID:39867931 | PMC:PMC11757127 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2024.1492407

Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jan 10;11:1510376. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1510376. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is becoming more resistant to antibiotics, and the implementation of individualized therapy is highly valuable for its eradication. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of individualized treatment guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) with a 10-day or 14-day course for the eradication of H. pylori.

METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label, single-center, quasi-randomized trial in which 220 participants were randomized into groups based on AST results as AST-10-day (n = 98) and AST-14-day (n = 112) treatment groups. All participants were retested for a 14-carbon urease breath test at weeks 4-8 after the end of the treatment.

RESULTS: The primary resistance rates of H. pylori to metronidazole, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin were 94.1% (207/220), 42.7% (95/220), 41.4% (91/220), and 0.9% (2/220), respectively; however, no resistance to furazolidone and tetracycline was observed. In the AST-10-day and AST-14-day groups, the intention-to-treat (ITT) eradication rates were 89.8% (88/98) and 90.2% (110/122), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.928). The per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 92.6% (88/95) and 98.2% (110/112), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049). The incidence rates of adverse events (AEs) in the AST-10-day and AST-14-day groups were 6.3% (6/95) and 7.2% (8/112), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.813). No statistically significant difference was observed in compliance between the two groups (p = 0.467).

CONCLUSION: Both 10-day and 14-day AST guided individualized therapy can achieve satisfactory eradication effect. Compared with the 14-day regimen, the 10-day regimen has similar eradication rate and incidence of adverse events and compliance but shorter duration and lower cost.

PMID:39867921 | PMC:PMC11757245 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2024.1510376

OTO Open. 2025 Jan 26;9(1):e70080. doi: 10.1002/oto2.70080. eCollection 2025 Jan-Mar.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of electro-pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy for the treatment of salivary gland stones.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with obstructive salivary gland syndrome, where basket-assisted sialendoscopy alone failed to remove the calculi.

SETTING: This study was conducted at the “Queen Maria” Military Hospital in Brașov, Romania, and a private practice, between February 2023 and May 2024.

METHODS: A total of 29 patients with salivary calculi were treated using the SialoLither device (Hidromed), which operates on the electro-pneumatic principle. The number of sessions required for complete stone removal, the duration of each session, and the number of ballistic impulses applied were recorded. Statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression, were conducted to assess the relationship between stone size, location, and treatment outcomes.

RESULTS: Complete removal was achieved in 72.4% of patients after a single session, with 100% success after 3 sessions. The average number of impulses was 13.9 (±4.25), with no significant difference in outcomes between the parotid and submandibular glands (P > .05). The total duration varied, with a mean time of 89.97 (±54.89) minutes. Complications were minimal, with only 2 cases of minor epithelial damage.

CONCLUSION: Electro-pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy is a highly effective, minimally invasive technique for managing salivary calculi, offering a safe and efficient alternative to traditional surgical methods.

PMID:39867918 | PMC:PMC11764989 | DOI:10.1002/oto2.70080

Front Immunol. 2025 Jan 10;15:1494476. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1494476. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Macrophages exhibit marked phenotypic heterogeneity within and across disease states, with lipid metabolic reprogramming contributing to macrophage activation and heterogeneity. Chronic inflammation has been observed in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, however macrophage activation states and their contributions to this hyperplastic disease have not been defined. We postulated that a shift in macrophage phenotypes with increasing prostate size could involve metabolic alterations resulting in prostatic epithelial or stromal hyperplasia.

METHODS: Single-cell RNA-seq of CD45⁺ transition zone leukocytes from 10 large (>90 grams) and 10 small (<40 grams) human prostates was conducted. Macrophage subpopulations were defined using marker genes and evaluated by flow cytometry.

RESULTS: BPH macrophages do not distinctly categorize into M1 and M2 phenotypes. Instead, macrophages with neither polarization signature preferentially accumulate in large versus small prostates. Specifically, macrophage subpopulations with altered lipid metabolism pathways, demarcated by TREM2 and MARCO expression, accumulate with increased prostate volume. TREM2 ^high and MARCO ^high macrophage abundance positively correlates with patient body mass index and urinary symptom scores. TREM2^high macrophages have a statistically significant increase in neutral lipid compared to TREM2^low macrophages from BPH tissues. Lipid-rich macrophages were observed to localize within the stroma in BPH tissues. In vitro studies indicate that lipid-loaded macrophages increase prostate epithelial and stromal cell proliferation compared to control macrophages.

DISCUSSION: These data define two new BPH immune subpopulations, TREM2^high and MARCO^high macrophages, and suggest that lipid-rich macrophages may exacerbate lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with large prostates. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of targeting these cells in BPH.

PMID:39867899 | PMC:PMC11757139 | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1494476