Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2026 Feb 5:1-7. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2026.2622222. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41641571 | DOI:10.1080/26410397.2026.2622222
Category: Nevin Manimala
Stat Med. 2026 Feb;45(3-5):e70399. doi: 10.1002/sim.70399.
ABSTRACT
In including random effects to account for dependent observations, the odds ratio interpretation of logistic regression coefficients is changed from population-averaged to subject-specific. This is unappealing in many applications, motivating a rich literature on methods that maintain the marginal logistic regression structure without random effects, such as generalized estimating equations. However, for spatial data, random effect approaches are appealing in providing a full probabilistic characterization of the data that can be used for prediction. We propose a new class of spatial logistic regression models that maintain both population-averaged and subject-specific interpretations through a novel class of bridge processes for spatial random effects. These processes are shown to have appealing computational and theoretical properties, including a scale mixture of normal representation. The new methodology is illustrated with simulations and an analysis of childhood malaria prevalence data in Gambia.
PMID:41641506 | DOI:10.1002/sim.70399
Stat Med. 2026 Feb;45(3-5):e70418. doi: 10.1002/sim.70418.
ABSTRACT
Misclassification Simulation-Extrapolation (MC-SIMEX) is an established method to correct for misclassification in binary covariates in a model. It involves the use of a simulation component which simulates pseudo-datasets with added degree of misclassification in the binary covariate and an extrapolation component which models the covariate’s regression coefficients obtained at each level of misclassification using a quadratic function. This quadratic function is then used to extrapolate the covariate’s regression coefficients to a point of “no error” in the classification of the binary covariate under question. However, extrapolation functions are not usually known accurately beforehand and are therefore only approximated versions. In this article, we propose an innovative method that uses the exact (not approximated) extrapolation function through the use of a derived relationship between the naïve regression coefficient estimates and the true coefficients in generalized linear models. Simulation studies are conducted to study and compare the numerical properties of the resulting estimator to the original MC-SIMEX estimator. Real data analysis using colon cancer data from the MSKCC cancer registry is also provided.
PMID:41641478 | DOI:10.1002/sim.70418
Front Neurosci. 2026 Jan 14;19:1677038. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1677038. eCollection 2025.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) may contribute to cerebrovascular disease via cellular and endothelial pathology leading to impairment at the neurovascular unit (NVU) level. Studies targeting this patient cohort form a neuroscientific viewpoint are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed at elucidating possible neuroimaging correlates of NVU alterations in MPNs patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We initially included 187 patients with MPNs in this study, retaining 39 patients as per eligibility criteria (25.6% males, median age – 43 years), who were matched with a control group of 11 healthy subjects (36.4% males, median age – 41 years). Structural and task-based (motor paradigm) functional MRI were performed in both groups, along with the evaluation of baseline blood parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count), comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis) and antiplatelet use: these factors were then used as covariates in statistical analysis.
RESULTS: fMRI data analysis in the group of MPN patients revealed activation in the left primary sensorimotor cortex (pre- and post-central gyri); the right supramarginal gyrus showed significant activation (T = 5.99, pFWEcorr = 0.015) in the MPN group only. Group fMRI data analysis in healthy volunteers showed two main clusters of activation in the left precentral gyrus and right hemisphere of the cerebellum during task execution. Second-level analysis of activation differences between MPN patients and healthy volunteers showed greater activation in the right primary sensorimotor cortex in MPN (Puncorr = 0.014 and <0.001 at cluster and peak level respectively).
CONCLUSION: Additional task-specific cortical activation in MPN patients may be potentially linked to NVU disturbance, even in otherwise unchanged cerebral activation patterns. Our findings also suggest that fMRI data in MPN may be confounded by higher blood cell count that needs to be controlled for in this cohort of patients.
PMID:41641456 | PMC:PMC12864983 | DOI:10.3389/fnins.2025.1677038
Indian J Psychol Med. 2026 Feb 1:02537176261415588. doi: 10.1177/02537176261415588. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Metacognition is the ability to reflect on and regulate one’s own cognitive processes. It is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in schizophrenia, influencing insight, treatment adherence, and functional outcomes. Self-report tools are widely used to assess metacognition, but their reliability, validity, and clinical applicability remain debated.
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA: This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Eligibility was defined by the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Design (PICO-D) framework, focusing on adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder assessed with self-report metacognition measures. Study quality was appraised using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. Of 2,437 records screened, 36 studies were included. Data were narratively synthesized, with statistical properties such as internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), test-retest reliability, and factor structures summarized. Most tools, including the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS), and Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.70-0.95) and satisfactory construct validity. Findings consistently linked metacognitive deficits to greater symptom severity, poor social functioning, and reduced treatment response, while higher self-reflection and cognitive flexibility predicted improved clinical and vocational outcomes. However, limitations included reliance on self-report accuracy, limited longitudinal validation, and inadequate cross-cultural adaptation.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-report measures of metacognition in schizophrenia exhibit strong psychometric support and clear clinical utility for diagnosis, symptom monitoring, and rehabilitation planning.
PMID:41641442 | PMC:PMC12864021 | DOI:10.1177/02537176261415588
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2026 Jan;17(1):72-79. doi: 10.1007/s13193-025-02280-1. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
ABSTRACT
Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) involves incorporating systemic chemotherapy in the interval between radiation and TME surgery for locally advanced rectal cancers (LARC). Patients who achieve complete clinical response can be considered for organ preservation by opting for watch and wait strategy. The studies focusing on patient’s preferences for treatment are scarce. This is a cross-sectional study among patients with LARC and addresses their treatment preferences in correlation with psychological parameters. All LARC (mid or lower third) patients planned for multimodality treatment were included in the study. Patients were explained about standard treatment and non-operative management. They were then interviewed with questionnaires for the assessment of their preference. In our study, a total of 60 patients with LARC planned for neoadjuvant chemo radiation were included. Non-operative management (NOM) was preferred by about 35.0% of the subjects. NOM was preferred more by patients ≤ 65 years age group (66.7%), those with less education status (43%) (p = 0.024), and those from rural background (66.7%) (p = 0.011). Psychosocial factors like fear of progression (FOP) had statistically significant association (p = 0.001) with preference for NOM, while other factors like life orientation and locus of control failed to show significant association. Our study underlines the patient preferences and factors affecting the decision making and shows the importance of the concept of “shared decision-making” by discussing the treatment options, and its related side effects and outcomes to choose a treatment strategy.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-025-02280-1.
PMID:41641431 | PMC:PMC12864614 | DOI:10.1007/s13193-025-02280-1
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2026 Jan;17(1):49-53. doi: 10.1007/s13193-025-02290-z. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare oncological effectiveness, morbidity, and perioperative outcomes between minimally invasive surgical staging and open surgical staging for endometrial cancer. This is a retrospective analysis of endometrial cancer patients who were treated in surgical oncology department in our institute between January 2015 and November 2024 (n = 217). The oncological effectiveness and morbidity of the two groups were compared based on disease-free survival, mean operative time, blood loss, lymph node harvest, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, etc., and the results were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBMSPSS statistics version 25, and clinical and pathological factors were compared between two groups with Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test for data analysis. Survival analysis was done by Kaplan-Meier method with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Out of 217 patients, 93 underwent open surgical staging, while 124 underwent minimally invasive surgical staging. Within the minimally invasive group, 86 patients had laparoscopic surgical staging, and 38 had robotic surgical staging. The mean operative time for the minimally invasive procedure was lower than the open procedure (115 vs 136 min, p = 0.009). Intraoperative blood loss of patients undergoing minimally invasive staging was significantly less than that of laparotomy group (60 vs 140 ml, p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in nodal retrieval between the two groups (13 vs 15, p = 0.09). The mean duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly higher in the laparotomy group than the minimally invasive group (6 vs 4 days, p = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the DFS rate at 3 years was more in minimally invasive group compared to open surgical staging (95.2% vs 88.3%, p = 0.003). Minimally invasive surgical staging is oncologically safe for the management of endometrial cancer with better survival rate, less morbidity compared to the open surgical staging with less blood loss, and shorter postoperative stay.
PMID:41641430 | PMC:PMC12864635 | DOI:10.1007/s13193-025-02290-z
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2026 Jan;17(1):26-35. doi: 10.1007/s13193-025-02293-w. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
ABSTRACT
Chordomas are rare malignant tumors arising from notochord remnants, predominantly in the sacral region. Due to their size and location, achieving R0 resection is challenging, with larger tumors (> 50 mm or > 25 cc) linked to worse outcomes. This study examines the surgical management and outcomes of large sacral chordomas, focusing on tumor size, resection strategy, and postoperative results. This retrospective study reviewed 14 male patients with sacral chordomas ≥ 50 mm or ≥ 25 cc. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical approaches, complications, and survival were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The study analyzed 14 male patients (mean age: 63.1 years) with sacral chordoma. Tumor size averaged 98.4 mm, and preoperative embolization was performed in two cases. Total sacrectomy was required in 14.3%, with spinopelvic fixation in both. Negative margins were achieved in 92.9%. Complications included wound issues (50%) and neurological deficits (57.1%)(7/12), mainly in high-level sacrectomies. High-level resections had significantly higher neurological complications (p = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated survival above 75% postoperatively. Surgical resection of large sacral chordomas is challenging but feasible, with high rates of R0 resection. Negative margins, tailored surgical strategies, and effective complication management are critical for optimizing outcomes.
PMID:41641427 | PMC:PMC12864548 | DOI:10.1007/s13193-025-02293-w
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2026 Jan;17(1):152-157. doi: 10.1007/s13193-025-02195-x. Epub 2025 Apr 26.
ABSTRACT
There is no data on the expression of PD-L1 in oral cavity cancers from the Indian population. Hence, this audit was done to estimate the incidence of PD-L1 expression in oral cavity cancers and detect factors affecting the same. Data of 340 cases of oral cavity cancer who were advised for PD-L1 gene expression testing were collected from the head and neck OPD of Tata Memorial Hospital from the year 2018 to 2023. These cases were evaluated for demographic details, i.e., age and gender, and also for factors such as performance status (PS) as per the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, subsite of oral tumor, histopathology, and grade. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Factors affecting PD-L1 gene expression were sorted using ordinal logistic regression analysis. In total, 340 patients were evaluated with a median age of 48 years (range, 17-79; interquartile range, 40-55), and PD-L1 expression was divided as scores and was observed that Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) 0% was seen in 34 patients (10.0%), TPS 1-5% was seen in 70 patients (20.6%), TPS 6-10% was seen in 29 patients (8.5%), TPS 11-20% was seen in 29 patients (8.5%), TPS 21-30% was seen in 33 patients (9.7%), TPS 31-50% was seen in 44 patients (12.9%), TPS 51-75% was seen in 47 patients (13.8%), and TPS > 75% was seen in 54 patients (15.9%). Univariate analysis was run to determine the distribution of TPS scores within each variable under age, gender, sample collection site, differentiation of tumor, and subsite of tumor. This is one of the first studies evaluating data on the expression of PDL-1 in oral cavity cancers in the Indian population and the factors affecting it. The data provides novel insights into many factors potentially affecting the expression of PDL-1 in oral cavity cancers and in the future, can be of help in developing treatment plans with various immunotherapies.
PMID:41641425 | PMC:PMC12864565 | DOI:10.1007/s13193-025-02195-x
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2026 Jan;17(1):13-25. doi: 10.1007/s13193-025-02285-w. Epub 2025 Apr 5.
ABSTRACT
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is molecularly diverse and lacks known treatment targets. The possible prognostic and therapeutic implications of androgen receptor (AR) expression in TNBC have drawn attention. The purpose of this study was to assess AR expression in TNBC, as well as its relationship to p53 and Ki-67 expression and its effect on clinical outcomes. Seventy-eight female patients with non-metastatic TNBC verified by histopathology were included. Clinicopathological characteristics, such as the expression of p53, Ki-67, and AR, were noted. A positive result for AR immunohistochemistry (IHC) was defined as ≥ 10% nuclear staining. To evaluate relationships between AR expression and clinical factors, statistical studies included multivariate logistic regression and bivariate comparisons (chi-squared, t-tests). Survival results were assessed using log-rank testing and Kaplan-Meier curves. There were 15.4% AR positive cases. Significant correlations were seen between AR positivity and Ki-67 expression (p = 0.034), Nottingham grades (p < 0.001), and TNM stages (p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS, 25.0 vs. 20.0 months; p = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, 14.6 vs. 10.8 months; p = 0.015) were considerably shorter in AR + individuals. Shorter OS, DFS, and duration for recurrence were independently predicted by AR positivity, along with other factors, according to multivariate analysis. Worse survival outcomes and more aggressive tumor characteristics are linked to AR expression in TNBC. AR is a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target in TNBC, despite its low prevalence (15.4%). To confirm these results and standardize AR positive levels, larger, multi-center studies are required.
PMID:41641410 | PMC:PMC12864559 | DOI:10.1007/s13193-025-02285-w