Category: Nevin Manimala

Soc Sci Res. 2025 Mar;127:103137. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103137. Epub 2024 Dec 27.

ABSTRACT

This study brings together scholarship on racial socialization and racialized organizations to explore how parental racial socialization operates in schools. Using student-level data from the Maryland Adolescent Development In Context Study and school-level data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Civil Rights Data Collection, I investigate the extent to which engagement in parental racial socialization affects the academic outcomes and educational experiences of Black and White high school students. I find parental racial socialization has positive impacts on students’ GPAs for Black students and on students’ probability of liking school for both Black and White students. Additionally, I evaluate students’ perceptions of school organizational practices as racialized and find negative impacts on academic outcomes and educational experiences for all students. Finally, I find a significant interaction between parental racial socialization and perceived racialized organizational practices of schools, highlighting the moderating impact of parental racial socialization on Black students’ GPAs. Overall, findings suggest that academic outcomes and educational experiences are both a function of parental racial socialization and the perceived racialized organizational practices of schools. Moreover, within schools as racialized organizations, the variation in findings suggest parental racial socialization serves as an academic tool for Black students and a social tool for White students.

PMID:40087003 | DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103137

Food Microbiol. 2025 Aug;129:104756. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2025.104756. Epub 2025 Feb 20.

ABSTRACT

Novel ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-C LED at 279 nm) are being investigated for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in addition to traditional mercury-lamp 254 nm UV-C systems. The goals of this study were to determine the doses required for hepatitis A virus (a resilient foodborne virus) inactivation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.2), apple juice (AJ, pH = 4), and coconut water (CW, pH = 5), when treated with traditional 254 nm UV-C compared to 279 nm UV-C LED. For each tested liquid, 500 μL of HAV (∼5 log PFU/mL) was mixed with 4.5 mL liquid within glass beakers and treated for 0-15 min with 254 nm UV-C (maximum dose of 33.89 mJ/cm²) or for 0-10 min with 279 nm UV-C LED (maximum dose of 7.03 mJ/cm²) with continuous stirring. Mixed model analysis of variance (SAS v 9.4) was used to statistically analyze the recovered viral counts of three replicates. HAV in PBS and CW showed significantly lower D₁₀-values (dose required for a 1-log PFU inactivation) of 4.37 ± 0.61 and 5.59 ± 1.16 mJ/cm² with 279 nm UV-C LED than 15.27 ± 2.01 and 10.46 ± 0.53 mJ/cm² with 254 nm UV-C, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). However, D₁₀-values for HAV in AJ of 4.02 ± 0.27 mJ/cm² by 279 nm UV-C LED and 3.31 ± 0.61 mJ/cm² by 254 nm UV-C were obtained. HAV showed the highest sensitivity to 254 nm UV-C treatments in AJ followed by CW and PBS. Overall, 279 nm UV-C LED systems show potential for HAV inactivation in the tested fluids without visual changes at the target doses, which warrants further investigation for scale-up operations.

PMID:40086994 | DOI:10.1016/j.fm.2025.104756

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151928. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151928. Epub 2025 Feb 27.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate and compare pre- and post-STB training outcomes of bleeding control knowledge, willingness to act and confidence in doing so.

BACKGROUND: Stop the Bleed® (STB) training improves trainees’ willingness to intervene in pre-hospital bleeding emergencies and confidence in doing so, but few studies report associated knowledge-based outcomes.

METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study was performed using a pre-/post-test approach. Lay community members aged ≥18 who read and spoke English were included. On enrollment, participants completed the Stop the Bleed Training Survey (STB-TS) (five self-assessment and three knowledge-based items), and provided demographics and work history data; the STB-TS was completed again immediately after training. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Paired t-tests were used to compare STB-TS self-assessment items. McNemar’s Test was used to compare proportions of correct answers to STB-TS knowledge-based items.

RESULTS: Trainees (N = 31) had a mean age of 33 ± 16 years, identified as mostly female (58.1 %) and people of color (54.8 %), and reported little experience with bleeding control emergencies. Total STB-TS scores increased from 14.4 ± 6.7 to 17.0 ± 10.8 (p = .26), indicating greater knowledge, confidence, and willingness to act. Correct response rates increased significantly from pre- to post-training (27.6 % vs 69.2 %, p = .003) on only one of the knowledge-based items: proper tourniquet application.

DISCUSSION: Findings suggest a disconnect among trainees’ willingness to act and confidence in doing so compared to their knowledge of bleeding control intervention. Incorporating use of high-fidelity simulation and standardized evaluation instruments may enhance content and skill mastery.

PMID:40086947 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151928

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151926. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151926. Epub 2025 Feb 13.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To examine the effect of gender role stress on psychological distress in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Recognition and prevention of potential psychological as well as physiological adversities during pregnancy are critical in terms of reducing their impacts on mother and baby health and developing preventive health services.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 volunteer pregnant women in Türkiye. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, an Obstetric Characteristics Information Form, the Feminine Gender Role Stress Scale (FGRSS), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10-PDS). Data analysis included independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis.

RESULTS: The mean K10-PDS score of the pregnant women was 37.55 ± 8.87, which showed they were likely to have a severe mental disorder. There was a statistically significant difference between scale scores according to education level, perceived income, intervention of people outside the home, marital adjustment, and the presence of a health problem during the current pregnancy (p < 0.05). It was determined that there was a weak negative relationship between the FGRSS and K10-PDS (r = -0.283; p < 0.001) and that feminine gender role stress had an effect on psychological distress (F = 7332; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study draw attention to pregnant women’s need for psychological support. To reduce the adverse psychological effects of gender role stress on pregnant women in prenatal care services, studies on factors affecting adaptation to the pregnancy process can be planned.

PMID:40086945 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151926

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151925. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151925. Epub 2025 Feb 17.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: In this study, researchers investigated experiences and key elements of effective support programs that promote recovery in nurses who identify as second victims in Australia.

DESIGN: Sequential explanatory mixed methods investigated experiences of nurses who identify as second victims, including support received and any educational and training included.

METHODS: Data were collected using survey and in-depth interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive and non-parametric testing and thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.

RESULTS: Forty-three nurses indicated involvement in a patient safety incident in the previous five years with 27 nurses completing the survey. Thirty-seven percent reported experiencing psychological distress and 33% physical symptoms. Only 4% reported experiencing weak colleague support while 22% reported poor supervisor and 56% poor organisational support. Qualitative data from seven interviews revealed five themes identified included the Education and training; Environment surrounding the event; Burden of reporting; a ‘You’ve just got to get on with it’ culture; and Ways to action positive change.

CONCLUSION: Empathy and support from trained peer support colleagues were key elements to recovery of nurses who identified as second victims. The role of culture, and family values and beliefs in support of second victims need further investigation. Support programs need to address, not only psychological consequences of a patient safety event on the nurse, but also physical ramifications. Support of supervisors and organisations following a patient safety event may facilitate retention of nurses. The role of education and training in support programs requires further investigation.

PMID:40086944 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151925

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151924. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151924. Epub 2025 Feb 10.

ABSTRACT

There is growing recognition of advance directives (AD) in dementia, however a gap remains between their perceived importance and actual implementation. This emphasizes the need to enhance healthcare professionals’ support for people with dementia (PWD) with regards to making AD. This study aimed to investigate the competence, difficulties, and support needs of nurses in assisting institutionalized PWD to make AD. This mixed methods study included both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Purposive sampling was used to recruit potential participants, and a self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test for quantitative information, and content analysis for qualitative information. A total of 188 questionnaires from 19 institutions were completed. The scores of knowledge, attitudes and skills in assisting PWD with making AD were 33.9, 39.4 and 39.5, respectively. The nurses stated that the difficulties in assisting PWD with making AD were a lack of relevant expertise, understanding the AD, and that they were unsure of how to handle conflicting viewpoints within the family. More in-service training and online courses on dementia and AD were required, as well as the creation of health education pamphlets and patient decision aids to help PWD and their families make decisions about AD. The results of this study can serve as a reference for understanding the competencies, improvements, needed support and in-service education of nurses in an institutional setting to assist PWD with making AD. We recommend the promotion of AD through related leading associations and their institutions.

PMID:40086943 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151924

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151923. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151923. Epub 2025 Feb 8.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to evelop a predictive model, estimating the probability of an in-hospital fall using previously identified associated words, and word combinations in daily nursing records. To assess the difference in discriminatory ability between the predictive model and currently used screening questions.

BACKGROUND: Hospital falls are a persistent challenge. Identifying patients at high risk before fall incidents occur is essential to optimize preventive measures and reduce the burden on nursing staff.

METHOD: Words from daily nursing records were used as predictive variables to construct and validate the model. The DeLong’s test was used to determine statistical differences between the developed model and the current screening questions.

RESULTS: A total of 3255 consecutive admissions of patients aged 70 and over were included, of whom 110 experiences a fall. Upon internal validation, the predictive text model demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability (AUC-ROC 0. 737 (CI 95 % 0. 683-0.791)) and good calibration across a range of the risk groups. Compared to the screening questions (AUC-ROC 0.603 (CI 95 % 0.555-0.652)) the text model (AUC-ROC 0.734 (CI 95 % 0.679-0.788)) showed significantly better discriminatory ability (DeLong’s – 3.93, p ≤0.001).

CONCLUSION: Daily nursing records can be used to estimate the probability of in-hospital falls. A text-based predictive model outperforms the currently employed screening questions and provides insights for the efficient use of fall prevention interventions. Further research should focus on improving the accuracy and external validation of the model and implementation strategies.

PMID:40086942 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151923

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151922. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151922. Epub 2025 Feb 8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Improving healthcare professionals’ digital health competence is critical to providing safer care. However, there is still a lack of empirical studies exploring the factors influencing healthcare professionals’ digital health competence, even though significant investments have been made to advance digitalisation of healthcare globally.

AIM: This study aimed to identify the key characteristics influencing healthcare professionals’ digital health competence.

METHODS: Cross-sectional data was collected from 252 healthcare professionals using two instruments measuring the digital health competences and the associated educational and organisational factors in 2024 via an online and paper-based survey. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the key characteristics influencing digital health competence.

RESULTS: Higher levels of education, working in a hospital, more professional experience, and increased use of digital solutions at work or during free time were associated with higher digital health competence. Higher qualifications were linked to greater digital health competence across several factors, with postgraduate degrees increasing health-related counselling competence and undergraduate degrees enhancing work-related attitudes and evaluating digital solutions. Professionals with university qualifications and those working in hospital settings showed higher ICT competence, while more years of professional experience increased ethical competence in using digital solutions.

CONCLUSIONS: Digital health competence development should prioritise healthcare professionals with lower educational levels. Additionally, such initiatives should include supporting those who work in non-hospital settings, have less professional experience, and use digital solutions less frequently at work or in their free time. Professional experience increases ethical competence in using digital solutions. Continuous professional development interventions and organisational policies should consider these factors to improve healthcare professionals’ digital health competences.

PMID:40086941 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151922

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151920. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151920. Epub 2025 Feb 2.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Self-care is essential for health promotion, disease management and social justice. Robust, theory-based tools are needed for its measurement. The Self-care Inventory (SCI) was developed to measure self-care behaviours in adults regardless of their health status. The aims of this study are to measure validity of the SCI in an Italian sample and measurement equivalence in US and Italian samples.

METHODS: We recruited 340 Italian and 294 US adults with convenience sampling. The Self-care Inventory, new General Self-Efficacy Scale, Positivity Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire were administered online. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the factor structure of the SCI. Measurement equivalence testing was conducted using Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, testing configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance. For the Italian version of the SCI, reliability and construct validity were also tested.

RESULTS: The SCI factorial structure was confirmed by CFA in the Italian sample. As for measurement equivalence, the Self-care maintenance scale demonstrated full metric and partial scalar invariance, indicating similar cognitive frameworks between US and Italian respondents. The Self-care Monitoring and Self-care Management scales achieved partial metric invariance. Reliability indices were satisfactory: Cronbach’s alpha and Global Reliability Index ranged from 0.69 to 0.84, and test-retest reliability values ranged from 0.70 to 0.84. Construct validity was supported by significant correlations between SCI scales and measures of self-efficacy, positivity, and perceived stress.

CONCLUSION: The SCI is valid and reliable for measuring self-care behaviours in the Italian population. Measurement equivalence show that SCI can be used cross-culturally and results from Italian and US samples are comparable. Our results support the use of the SCI in national and international self-care research and practice.

PMID:40086939 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151920

Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Apr;82:151917. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151917. Epub 2025 Jan 30.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To explore the impact of e-health literacy (e-HL) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in young adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on the mediating roles of diabetes self-efficacy and self-care behaviors.

BACKGROUND: If glucose levels are not kept within the target range, people with T2D may experience complications such as retinopathy, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders.

METHODS: The participants were 150 young adults, aged 18 to 39, with T2D. We assessed e-HL, diabetes self-care behaviors, diabetes self-efficacy, and HRQOL through a structured online survey. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, incorporating Pearson’s correlation and PROCESS macro mediation analysis.

RESULTS: E-HL, diabetes self-efficacy, and diabetes self-care behavior together accounted for 40.6 % of the variance in HRQOL. Higher e-HL was significantly correlated with improved HRQOL. A significant mediating effect of diabetes self-efficacy in the relationship between e-HL and HRQOL was observed, with an effect size of 0.300 ([95 % confidence interval = 0.055, 0.577]). However, the mediating effect of diabetes self-care behavior in the relationship between e-HL and HRQOL through diabetes self-efficacy was small and not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the critical role of e-HL in enhancing HRQOL among young adults with T2D. It highlights the need for targeted digital health education, especially in subgroups with lower educational levels or poor health habits. The findings advocate for tailored interventions to boost self-efficacy and self-care behaviors, thereby improving overall quality of life in this population.

PMID:40086937 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151917