Category: Nevin Manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 19;135(12):125201. doi: 10.1103/l6qw-8c1h.

ABSTRACT

Recently, solar gamma rays produced by cosmic rays interacting with the solar atmosphere have been detected in the GeV to TeV energy range, revealing that cosmic rays are significantly affected by magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere. However, much of the observations remain unexplained by existing physical models. Using a semianalytic model, we demonstrate that magnetic fields at and below the photosphere with a large horizontal component could account for the approximately 1 TeV solar gamma rays observed by HAWC. This suggests that high-energy solar gamma rays could serve as a novel probe for magnetic fields beneath the photosphere, which in the future could help improve the understanding of solar magnetism, the key driver of space weather.

PMID:41046434 | DOI:10.1103/l6qw-8c1h

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 19;135(12):126605. doi: 10.1103/x4w5-h3bb.

ABSTRACT

Existing quantum Hall interferometers measure twice the braiding phase, e^{i2θ}, of Abelian anyons, i.e., the phase accrued when one quasiparticle encircles another clockwise. We propose a modified Fabry-Pérot or Mach-Zehnder interferometer that can measure e^{iθ}.

PMID:41046427 | DOI:10.1103/x4w5-h3bb

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 19;135(12):120603. doi: 10.1103/nh49-52y2.

ABSTRACT

We identify regimes where postselection can be used scalably in quantum error correction (QEC) to improve performance. We use statistical mechanical models to analytically quantify the performance and thresholds of postselected QEC, with a focus on the surface code. Based on the nonequilibrium magnetization of these models, we identify a simple heuristic technique for postselection that determines whether to abort without requiring a decoder. Along with performance gains, this heuristic allows us to derive analytic expressions for postselected conditional logical thresholds and abort thresholds of surface codes. We find that such postselected QEC is characterized by four distinct thermodynamic phases and detail the implications of this phase space for practical, scalable quantum computation.

PMID:41046413 | DOI:10.1103/nh49-52y2

Ear Nose Throat J. 2025 Oct 5:1455613251378726. doi: 10.1177/01455613251378726. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma are common airway disorders that often coexist, suggesting shared inflammatory mechanisms. LPR involves gastric reflux into the laryngopharynx, while AR and asthma are linked by the “united airway” hypothesis. Evidence indicates LPR may contribute to AR and asthma exacerbation, yet their interactions remain unclear. Understanding their interaction may enhance clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the associations between LPR, AR, and asthma by analyzing studies that examined these conditions in various patient populations.

METHODOLOGY: A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was conducted for studies published up until 2024. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data on the prevalence, diagnostic methods, and associations between LPR, AR, and asthma were extracted. This systematic review was conducted and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024588367). Statistical analysis was performed to determine the strength of the associations between these conditions.

RESULTS: The review identified significant associations between LPR and both AR and asthma. Multiple studies confirmed a positive correlation between LPR and AR, with worse AR symptoms observed in patients with more severe LPR. Additionally, a strong association between LPR and asthma was observed, particularly in patients with poorly-controlled asthma. The analysis also revealed a robust relationship between AR and asthma, consistent with the “united airway” hypothesis, which posits that the upper and lower airways share common inflammatory pathways. These findings suggest that the coexistence of these conditions may exacerbate symptoms and complicate management.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review highlights the significant associations between LPR, AR, and asthma, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and addressing these comorbidities in clinical practice. The findings suggest that managing 1 condition may have a beneficial effect on the others, supporting a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.

PMID:41046361 | DOI:10.1177/01455613251378726

J Sex Med. 2025 Oct 5;22(10):1750-1756. doi: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf182.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a known precursor and sequela of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with ED severity predicting CVD severity.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of ceramide levels in patients with ED.

METHODS: We initiated ceramide testing in all patients with ED. We retrospectively analyzed ceramide levels from electronic records and stratified by severity of symptoms using the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).

OUTCOMES: The study aimed to determine whether abnormal ceramide levels were associated with ED severity and increased cardiovascular risk.

RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-four patients were reviewed, of whom 253 (71.5%) had moderate or higher ED. A statistically significant difference in abnormal ceramide values was found in patients with moderate to severe symptoms, and the odds of getting an abnormal ceramide test were increased based on the IIEF scoring alone (odds ratio [OR] 2.3 [1.04-5.12]; P-value = .034).

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Serum ceramide testing could be beneficial in identifying cardiovascular risk in men with ED, potentially prompting cardiac referrals and lifestyle modifications.

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The strengths of this study include a large sample size and the use of a well-established scale, while the limitations include the retrospective nature of the study and the need for further research to validate the findings.

CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing management for ED may benefit from serum ceramide testing and subsequent cardiac referral.

PMID:41046349 | DOI:10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf182

Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2025 Oct;8(10):e70357. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.70357.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a very rare, primary salivary gland-type breast malignancy, with ~100 reported cases in the literature. Limited information about the clinical features and outcomes of patients with ACC is available.

METHODS: We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify ACC patients. For comparison, we also examined a cohort of invasive breast carcinomas of no special type (NST).

RESULTS: Thirty ACC patients were identified among the more than 248 000 invasive breast carcinoma NST patients. ACCs were predominantly grade 3 carcinomas (44%) and were diagnosed at an earlier stage (67%). Hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status data were available for only 13 patients, revealing molecular heterogeneity: HR-/HER2- (four patients), HR-/HER2+ (two patients), HR+/HER2- (four patients), and HR+/HER2+ (three patients). The median survival time for ACC patients was 19 months vs. 48 months for NST patients (p < 0.001). A complete-case approach was utilized for the adjusted analyses, restricting the sample to 46 257 patients without missing data on all relevant covariates. The adjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a more pronounced decline in survival probabilities among patients with ACC compared to those with NST, with the number at risk in the ACC group diminishing to four patients by the 30-month mark. In contrast, NST patients exhibited a more gradual decrease. In the multivariable Cox regression, which adjusted for age, TNM stage, HR/HER2, and chemotherapy, ACC histology was correlated with a 1.69-fold increase in the hazard of death (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.63-4.56), although this result was not statistically significant. Age and advanced stage continued to be strong predictors of poor survival, and the inclusion of an age-time interaction enhanced the model fit.

CONCLUSION: Acinic cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare primary breast malignancy. Our study indicates potentially aggressive clinical behavior in mammary ACC; however, findings must be interpreted cautiously given inherent SEER limitations, especially regarding histologic and molecular subtyping accuracy. Further centralized studies are urgently needed for the accurate characterization of this rare entity.

PMID:41046342 | DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70357

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2025 Oct 4. doi: 10.1111/clr.70053. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the marginal fit of implant-supported prostheses (ISP) on peri-implant bone levels. Additionally, the study aimed to determine a clinically relevant threshold for the radiographic vertical misfit gap at the ISP, when present, and to identify potential risk factors associated with changes in bone levels.

METHODS: This study involved subjects who received ISPs for tooth replacement therapy. Standardized intraoral periapical radiographs were taken 10 years after loading to assess the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the most coronal point of crestal bone (DIB). ISP marginal gaps were categorized as no gap or gap, with vertical dimensions categorized as 0 mm, > 0- < 0.1 mm, and ≥ 0.1 mm. A multivariable linear mixed-effect model was applied to control for potential confounders.

RESULTS: A total of 301 patients and 505 implants with a 10.6 ± 0.7 years follow-up were analyzed. ISPs without gaps exhibited statistically significantly lower DIB values (3.22 ± 0.8 mm) than those with gaps (3.43 ± 0.6 mm; p = 0.001). Gaps ≥ 0.1 mm were associated with statistically significantly higher DIB values (3.45 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.001) compared with gaps between > 0 and < 0.1 mm (3.36 ± 0.5 mm; p = 0.001), or no gaps (3.22 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.001). Each increment of 0.1 mm in the vertical crestal gap corresponded to a significant increase in DIB values (0.08 mm; p = 0.03). Finally, smoking and a history of periodontitis were independent risk factors for increased DIB.

CONCLUSIONS: Marginal misfit of ISP affects peri-implant bone stability, with gaps ≥ 0.1 mm linked to higher DIB. Smoking and periodontitis are independent risk factors for increased DIB.

PMID:41046331 | DOI:10.1111/clr.70053

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Oct 4;25(1):1527. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06884-5.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Oral health is a neglected aspect of healthcare, especially among prison inmates who face barriers in accessing dental services. Dental caries is a prevalent and preventable disease that affects inmates’ general health and quality of life. This study evaluated dental caries and its predictors among inmates in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of an ongoing oral health program by the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University(IAU), Dammam, targeting inmates in prisons across Dammam, Khobar, Dhahran, Jubail, and AlHasa in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. This prison outreach program is conducted annually from January to April. Male and female inmates who voluntarily consented were included without exclusion criteria. Data collection involved oral examinations using the DMFT index and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), following World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria, and structured interviews based on the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults. Calibrated examiners performed the examinations using portable dental units. Statistical analysis included t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS: The sample consisted of 230 participants with 86.1% males and 13.9% females. In the study, 98.3% of the sample had untreated decay and 99.1% of participants had DMFT score ranging from 1 to 28, with a mean score of 14.41 ± 7.89. About 25.2% of participants never cleaned their teeth using any tool, 23.5% did not use toothpaste, and 23.5% consumed soft drinks several times a day. Dental attendance, defined as being seen by a dentist at prison, within the last year was reported by 37% of participants and 15.2% never received dental care. Most participants (85.2%) reported dental pain during the last year. The study showed a statistically significant correlation between the simplified oral hygiene index and the mean decayed score (r = 0.456, P < 0.001). The mean DMFT of the sample significantly increased with advancing age (P = 0.023). Male participants (15.12 ± 7.94) demonstrated significantly higher mean DMFT score than females (10.03 ± 6.05) (P = 0.001). Similarly, significantly higher DMFT was found in Saudi (15.74 ± 7.91) versus non-Saudi participants (10.45 ± 6.41) (P < 0.001). Those who used toothpaste (12.82 ± 6.95) had significantly lower mean DMFT score than those who did not use toothpaste (19.59 ± 8.58) (P = 0.006). A statistically significant relationship was observed between soft drink consumption and caries experience (P = 0.043).

CONCLUSION: Untreated decay was highly prevalent among inmates in this study. A statistically significant correlation was found between oral hygiene and caries experience, with advancing age, male gender, Saudi nationality, and frequent soft drink consumption being significantly associated with higher caries levels. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted oral health promotion strategies and improved access to dental care within correctional facilities. Policy implications include the integration of oral health education into prison health programs and the establishment of routine dental screenings. Future research should explore the effectiveness of mobile dental services and behavioral interventions tailored to this high-risk population.

PMID:41046304 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06884-5

Eur Radiol. 2025 Oct 4. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12040-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop a predictive model incorporating both clinical and imaging findings to predict early progression in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo-Bev) therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 140 consecutive patients with HCC who initiated Atezo-Bev therapy between January 2020 and May 2022 at two tertiary care centres were retrospectively enrolled. Early progression was defined as progressive disease in the first response evaluation conducted at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment initiation using dynamic CT or MRI. Images were reviewed by two radiologists. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the early progression scores.

RESULTS: The first response evaluation of Atezo-Bev therapy was conducted at a median of 56 days (interquartile range, 42-64 days) after treatment initiation. Approximately 40% (56/140) of patients with HCC showed early progression. The early progression score was defined as follows: (age < 60 years; 1 point) + (serum alpha-fetoprotein level ≥ 300 ng/mL; 3 points) + (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 2.8; 1 point) + (infiltrative appearance; 2 points). At a score of 3 or higher, the early progression score showed sensitivity of 91.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.6-98.5%) and a specificity of 53.6% (95% CI: 42.9-64.2%). At a score of 6 or higher, the score demonstrated a sensitivity of 55.4% (95% CI: 42.3-68.4%) and a specificity of 91.7% (95% CI: 85.8-97.6%).

CONCLUSION: We developed an early progression score that integrates clinical and imaging factors with high specificity to accurately predict early progression in patients with advanced HCC undergoing Atezo-Bev therapy.

KEY POINTS: Question No validated imaging-based tool currently exists to predict early progression to Atezo-Bev therapy in advanced HCC. Findings Infiltrative tumour appearance, high AFP, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and younger age were significantly associated with early progression. Clinical relevance A composite early progression score integrating clinical and imaging features showed high diagnostic accuracy for predicting treatment failure.

PMID:41046297 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-12040-y

Ann Surg Oncol. 2025 Oct 4. doi: 10.1245/s10434-025-18423-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Complete cytoreductive surgery is crucial in advanced ovarian cancer (OC) treatment. Diaphragmatic surgery, including stripping (DS) and resection (DR), is often necessary for optimal cytoreduction. However, postoperative complications and the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation remain critical concerns. This study evaluates the impact of DR and DS on surgical outcomes, chemotherapy timing, and survival.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective, monocentric study analyzed 215 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III-IV OC undergoing DS or DR between 2011 and 2023. Clinical, surgical, and survival data were collected; complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo system. Statistical analysis included contingency and survival tests.

RESULTS: A total of 215 patients underwent diaphragmatic surgery: 122 patients (56.7%) underwent DR and 93 (43.3%) DS. No significant differences existed between groups regarding age, body mass index (BMI), histological subtype, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, or primary/interval debulking surgery distribution (p = 0.122). DR was more common in patients with greater peritoneal disease (p = 0.003), higher pleural involvement (p = 0.002), and longer operative times (p = 0.018). Postoperatively, DR was associated with increased thoracic complications (87.7% versus 52.7%, p < 0.001), greater oxygen supplementation needs (55.7% versus 35.5%, p = 0.003), and elevated liver enzymes. However, no significant differences emerged in severe complications (p = 0.077), reoperation rates (p = 0.227), or time to chemotherapy initiation (p = 0.742). A decreasing trend in thoracostomy tube placement was observed since 2018. Progression-free and overall survival were similar between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite requiring greater intraoperative effort and resulting in higher postoperative morbidity, DR is not associated with an increased incidence of severe complications (grade 3+) or delayed chemotherapy initiation compared with DS. These findings support the feasibility of DR for achieving complete cytoreduction in advanced OC.

PMID:41046296 | DOI:10.1245/s10434-025-18423-1