Category: Nevin Manimala

Cureus. 2025 Jan 24;17(1):e77903. doi: 10.7759/cureus.77903. eCollection 2025 Jan.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Mental health is an integral component of overall health and well-being, encompassing emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences cognition, perception, and behavior, and it determines how individuals handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is essential at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. The primary components of mental health include emotional well-being and psychological well-being. Emotional well-being refers to managing and expressing emotions effectively. It encompasses happiness, life satisfaction, and the ability to experience a range of emotions in a balanced manner. Whereas psychological well-being involves self-acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and other components. This research study examines the effectiveness of psychoeducation on the mental health status of students pursuing non-medical professional courses in colleges situated in Sangli city.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate the mental health levels of students enrolled in non-medical professional programs before and after receiving psychoeducation and compare these levels after the psychoeducational intervention.

METHODOLOGY: This study employed a pre-experimental pre-test and post-test research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample from the population, and 60 student participants of non-medical courses were included in this study. A pre-test was conducted followed by a psychoeducation session. A post-test was conducted after seven days to assess the effectiveness of psychoeducation sessions. Evaluations were included based on a standardized Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) scale. The institutional ethical committee approved the study, and all guidelines, including consent and confidentiality, were strictly followed throughout the research. Results: The pre-test mean score was 33.55 with a standard deviation of 11.3726, while the post-test mean score increased to 57.93 with a standard deviation of 7.0153. The p-value of 0.00001, significantly lower than the 0.05 threshold, indicated a highly significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. This suggested that the intervention had a substantial positive effect on the participants, with the results showing clear improvement in the measured variable. The findings’ significance underscored the intervention’s effectiveness in achieving meaningful changes in the participants’ mental health status.

CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate a statistically significant difference, with a p-value of 0.00001 at a 5% significance level. This supports the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis, demonstrating that there is a notable difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of mental health following the provision of psychoeducation to non-medical students. These findings suggest that psychoeducation has a meaningful positive impact, leading to significant improvement in the mental health of non-medical students in the post-test. Overall, this highlights the effectiveness of psychoeducation in enhancing the mental health status of students pursuing non-medical courses.

PMID:39996212 | PMC:PMC11848240 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.77903

Cureus. 2025 Jan 25;17(1):e77975. doi: 10.7759/cureus.77975. eCollection 2025 Jan.

ABSTRACT

Background The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-treated, FlexiCON nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary instrumentation system and compare it with existing commonly used instrumentation systems (hand file, ProTaper Universal, and WaveOne) using the EndoVac irrigation system. Methodology A total of 210 single-rooted, human permanent anterior teeth were equally divided into four groups of 50 teeth each (Group I for step-back, group II for ProTaper rotary, Group III for WaveOne reciprocating, and Group IV for FlexiCON rotary instrumentation system), and 10 teeth were used as controls. Canals were irrigated with EndoVac irrigation in each group. Extruded debris, irrigating solution, and Enterococcus faecalis were quantified and statistically analyzed. Results Group IV exhibited the least amount of debris, irrigating solution, and microorganisms than other groups, while Group I presented the most. FlexiCON with EndoVac irrigation demonstrated the least amount of microbe extrusion (14 colony-forming units (CFUs)) among the four instrumentation systems, whereas step-back instrumentation with EndoVac irrigation demonstrated the most (39 CFUs). The control group showed no debris, irrigating solution, or microorganisms. Conclusions FlexiCON Ni-Ti rotary instrumentation showed the least debris, irrigating solution, and bacterial extrusion compared with hand, ProTaper Universal, and WaveOne reciprocating instrumentation systems when EndoVac irrigation methods were used.

PMID:39996211 | PMC:PMC11849799 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.77975

BMC Med Imaging. 2025 Feb 24;25(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12880-025-01598-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recently, pediatric hip joint diseases have received increasing attention, however, most researches focus on conventional ultrasound. The aim of our study is to explore the application of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) technology in different tissue structures of healthy pediatric hip joints to distinguish between the normal and pathological states, and provide a normal reference range for shear wave Young’s moduli for clinical practices and subsequent scientific researches.

METHODS: According to the selection criteria, 189 healthy full-term infants with 378 hip joints were enrolled, including 102 males and 87 females aged 2-90 days. They were divided into three groups based on age: 0-30 days (61 patients), 31-60 days (63 patients), and 61-90 days (65 patients). All the subjects underwent routine ultrasound examination to perform Graf typing, and then subjected to the SWE. The Young’s moduli of the femoral head, acetabular lip, acetabular cartilage apex, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and iliacus were recorded. The differences in various parts among the three groups, between the left and right sides, and between males and females were compared. The 95% medical reference value range for each part was obtained and consistency test was conducted.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in various parts between the left and right hip joints (P > 0.05) or between males and females (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the femoral head, acetabular lip, and acetabular cartilage apex among the three groups (P < 0.05). The Young’s moduli of the femoral head, acetabular lip, and acetabular cartilage apex were positively correlated with age (r₁ = 0.56, P < 0.05; r₂ = 0.51, P < 0.05; r₃ = 0.58, P < 0.05). The Young’s moduli of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and iliacus were not correlated with age (P > 0.05). The intra- and inter-observer evaluation results both had a high correlation, and the 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) of both were relatively concentrated.

CONCLUSION: Real-time SWE technology can be used to obtain the Young’s moduli of healthy pediatric hip joints and surrounding tissues, and distinguish between healthy and pathological states. This can provide a normal reference range for shear wave Young’s moduli for clinical practices and subsequent scientific researches.

PMID:39994684 | DOI:10.1186/s12880-025-01598-0

Int Breastfeed J. 2025 Feb 24;20(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13006-024-00689-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding protects mothers against breast cancer. Our study aimed to estimate the healthcare cost-savings resulting from a reduction in breast cancer attributed to an increase in the breastfeeding rate in Hong Kong.

METHODS: This is an economic evaluation. We constructed an individual-based Monte Carlo method to simulate with probabilistic sensitivity analysis the development of breast cancer over a woman’s lifetime in a hypothetical birth cohort aged 20 years in 2018 (n = 33500) using best available data mainly from government statistics. We predicted the cases of, and deaths due to breast cancer in the base case (with the actual breastfeeding rate in 2018) and two hypothetical optimal scenarios (90% exclusive breastfeeding for six months or cumulative exclusive/partial breastfeeding for at least 12 months). The healthcare cost-savings, the number of deaths averted and the increase in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to the prevention of breast cancer attributed to a higher breastfeeding rate were then deduced, assuming an annual discount rate of 3%.

RESULTS: Increasing the proportion of parous women breastfeeding exclusively for six months from 26 to 90% averted 266 (95% CI 259, 273) or ~ 10% of all-stage breast cancer cases, 18 deaths (95% CI 17, 19) and 399 DALYs (95% CI 381, 416), over the lifetime of each annual cohort of women in Hong Kong. The lifetime medical costs that could be saved would be ~ USD3 million using 2018 prices. However cost-savings were 5-times less in another scenario where the cumulative partial/exclusive breastfeeding for 12 months in parous women is increased to 90% due to its weaker protection against breast cancer compared to exclusive breastfeeding.

CONCLUSIONS: Promoting and protecting breastfeeding could lead to cost-savings for treating breast cancer in Hong Kong. Our analysis can inform the annual healthcare budget that could be allocated to promote exclusive breastfeeding for six months.

PMID:39994674 | DOI:10.1186/s13006-024-00689-y

Malar J. 2025 Feb 24;24(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05296-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological abnormality in malaria patients that is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Given the endemic nature of malaria in Ethiopia, it is crucial to comprehend the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in this setting to enhance clinical care. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of thrombocytopenia among malaria patients in Ethiopia.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed studies on thrombocytopenia prevalence in malaria patients, using databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, African Journals online database, and Hinary. STATA version 17 software was used for statistical analysis. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Galbraith, Cochran’s Q test, and I² statistics. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test.

RESULTS: Of the 154 studies identified, 31 that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the meta-analysis consisting of 1173 study participants and 823 thrombocytopenic cases. The pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 70% (95% CI: 63, 77) with significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed the highest pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia in the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ region (78.34%) followed by the Amhara region (69.7%), whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in the Gambella Region (63.4%). The sample size was responsible for the observed heterogeneity among the studies, as indicated by the statistically significant result in the meta-regression analysis (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent abnormality finding among malaria patients in Ethiopia, affecting a substantial percentage of individuals. The high frequency found in this research emphasizes the significance of regular platelet monitoring in the treatment of malaria patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical implications of thrombocytopenia in malaria patients.

PMID:39994667 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05296-8

BMC Nurs. 2025 Feb 24;24(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-02795-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Scholars are undermining the empowerment of holistic nursing care competence in developing countries like Ethiopia, compromising the care provided by competent nurses in clinical areas.

OBJECTIVE: To assess holistic nursing care competence and associated factors among nurses working in the Government Hospitals of South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia, 2022.

METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was carried out involving 446 nurses. A random sampling technique was employed to select participants, and a self-administered questionnaire was utilized. The data were coded, entered into Epidata version 4.6.0.2, and subsequently exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science version 27 for analysis. The findings were summarized using tables. Linear regression model analysis was implemented and variables with p-values less than 0.05 were identified as significant predictor variables.

RESULTS: The mean score of staff education and management, ethical-oriented practice, general aptitude, and nursing care in the team and professional development domains of holistic nursing care competence were 3.8 ± 1.3 (3.7-3.9),4 ± 1.4 (3.9-4.2), 4.2 ± 1.3 (4-4.3), 4 ± 1.4 (3.8-4) and 3.9 ± 1.5 (3.7-4) respectively. Being female, having frequency of training, being single, working primary hospital, having workload, and being staff had a positive relationship with holistic nursing care competence domains, whereas poor job satisfaction, age and low self-efficacy had a negative relationship with holistic nursing care competence domains.

CONCLUSION: Staff education and management, ethical-oriented practice, general aptitude, nursing care in the team, and professional development domains of holistic nursing care competence mean scores were recorded low. Therefore, the hospital managers and other responsible bodies should pay special attention to empowering nurses by enhancing their management capacity, fostering team care, promoting professional growth, improving problem-solving capacity, ensuring compliance with nursing ethics guidelines, focusing on staff motivation, and boosting their professional confidence.

PMID:39994662 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-02795-6

BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 24;25(1):744. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21571-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, high triglyceride levels, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein. It is the commonest type of co-morbidity among people with psychiatric conditions particularly in low and middle-income countries due to poor health care systems and financial burden. Metabolic syndrome among people with psychiatric conditions may be due to prolonged use of psychiatric medications, diminished quality of life, and personal and behavioral-related factors. Except for single studies with fluctuating reports, there is no nationwide study conducted on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people with psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia. Thus, this review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with selected factors among people with psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia.

METHODS: We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Wiley online library, African journals online, and Google Scholar. For analysis, STATA version 14 software was used. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test statistic were used to find the potential reporting bias. A fixed effect model was used to contrast summary effects, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals all over research findings. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of each included study.

RESULTS: Eight articles were included in the final review after retrieving 9,714 articles through electronic database searching. By using the national cholesterol education adult treatment panel criteria, the pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people with psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia was found to be 37.33% (95%CI: 24.52-50.14). Being female AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 0.89, 7.92), urban residency (AOR = 2.84; 95% CI: 0.56, 14.45), physical inactivity (AOR = 3.80; 95% CI: 1.61, 8.98), alcohol consumption (AOR = 4.53; 95% CI: 1.62, 12.71) and body mass index higher than the normal range (AOR = 4.66; 95% CI: 1.22, 17.85) were the factors significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among people with psychiatric conditions. According to the review, schizophrenic-form disorder, delusional disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder were the frequently reported psychiatric conditions.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the magnitude of metabolic syndrome among people with psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia was high and female gender, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index higher than the normal range were the factors that determined the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Thus, policymakers, clinicians, and other concerned stakeholders must reinforce effective strategies in the control, timely screening, prevention, and management of metabolic syndrome among people with psychiatric conditions.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023405293.

PMID:39994655 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21571-4

BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025 Feb 24;25(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04822-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Food medicine homology originated in ancient China and has been officially named food-medicine dual-purpose substances (FMS). However, the relationship between residents’ knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and FMS among adults in China remains unclear. This study evaluated the current situation of FMS-related knowledge, awareness and actual consumption behaviors and practices of Chinese residents to provide a basis for both perfect related regulations and scientific advice on FMS consumption.

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey on FMS perception and consumption was conducted through a convenience sampling strategy from August to December 2020. A total of 2,815 residents (96.3% were aged between 18 and 50 years old, 47.8% were male and 52.2% were female) from 31 provinces were recruited for this study. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed in the statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The results showed that residents’ identification of FMS had an accurate response rate of 22.7% (640/2,815). Educational level was the factor associated with residents’ knowledge of FMS. A total of 62.0% (1,744/2,815) of the residents would take the initiative to learn more about FMS. 93.8% (2,639/2,815) of them thought that manufacturers should make clear food labels when they add FMS. Almost half of the residents bought FMS products frequently (more than 12 times per year), and 96.1% (1,880/2,747) of the residents bought FMS mainly used for healthcare. Among the FMS they had ever consumed, the two most frequently consumed FMS by residents were yam (35.3%) and wolfberry (15.9%). 40.6%(1,143/2,815) of residents hoped that the government could increase publicity and conduct more popular science activities.

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that adult residents in China who have substantial knowledge of FMS are not optimistic; however, they express positive attitudes toward knowing and consuming FMS, and there is a high need for labeling and a high demand for consumption. It is imperative to enhance research and policy development regarding FMS, to actively promote FMS knowledge, and to guide residents towards a more scientific and rational consumption of FMS in the future.

PMID:39994653 | DOI:10.1186/s12906-025-04822-0

BMC Womens Health. 2025 Feb 25;25(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03607-4.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A breast cancer diagnosis can impact every aspect of a woman’s life, particularly for women diagnosed before age 45 when they are in the process of establishing stability in their personal and professional lives. This study investigated the impact of a breast cancer diagnosis on employment, finances, and personal relationships among young breast cancer survivors.

METHODS: We conducted descriptive statistical analysis of survey data from 315 women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45. Surveys were administered electronically and included 40 questions on demographics asking about employment, insurance, income, and marital status at two time points: at diagnosis and at the time the survey was completed. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted. The McNemar-Bowker Test of Symmetry was used to calculate the significance of changes in employment, insurance, income, and marital status at the two time points.

RESULTS: We found significant changes following diagnosis in employment and insurance. Prior to diagnosis, 68.6% of respondents were employed full time, compared to 52.4% following diagnosis – falling from 212 to 162 respondents. Individuals who were unable to work increased by 14.6% after diagnosis, rising from 4 to 49 respondents. The decline in full-time employment was highest among those with a diagnosis of Stage IV cancer (33.9%), with the number of full-time worker respondents falling from 79 to 41. We found a significant change in insurance (p < .001) with a decline in individuals with private or no insurance of 4.7% and 3.4%, respectively, while those with public insurance increased by 8.1%.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that young breast cancer survivors are particularly vulnerable to changes in employment, with more than a tenfold increase in the number of young women who reported being unable to work following diagnosis. Our findings also indicate a significant shift from private to public insurance, particularly for individuals living with Stage IV cancer. These results point to opportunities to address the specific needs of young women diagnosed with breast cancer and improve their overall quality of life.

PMID:39994652 | DOI:10.1186/s12905-025-03607-4

BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 24;25(1):761. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21780-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Globally, uncertainty persists regarding the prevalence of comorbidities in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among people living with HIV (PLWH) compared those without HIV. This uncertainty extends to the degree of nonrandom associations between comorbidities in both populations, particularly in resource-limited settings.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 343 HIV-infected individuals (cases) and 686 HIV-uninfected counterparts (controls), with a 1:2 individual matching ratio. Nonrandom associations between comorbidities were assessed using Somers’ D statistic.

RESULTS: Comorbidity prevalence was significantly higher in cases (48.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.4%-54.0%) than in controls (26.8%, 95% CI: 23.5%-30.1%). Cases exhibited more comorbidities than controls (6 and 4, respectively). Depression, cardiovascular diseases, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic renal insufficiency were more prevalent among cases (25.7%, 7.9%, 11.1%, 3.5%, 2.0%, respectively) compared to controls. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and musculoskeletal disorders between the two populations (cases: 7.9%, 12.5%, 0.3%, 6.4%, respectively; controls: 5.1%, 15.6%, 0.1%, 3.9%, respectively). Nonrandom associations between comorbidities were statistically significant in both groups, with Somers’ D values ranging from 0.101 to 0.982 in cases and from 0.102 to 0.472 in controls.

CONCLUSIONS: The HIV-infected population demonstrates a higher prevalence of comorbidities compared to the HIV-uninfected population. Nonrandom associations between comorbidities exist in both populations, with stronger associations observed among PLWH.

PMID:39994646 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21780-x