Category: Nevin Manimala

Poult Sci. 2024 Oct 10;103(12):104394. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104394. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on the performance, gut health, and microbiota of laying hens. A total of 192 thirty-wk-old Hyline brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. The CON group received a basal diet, while the low (MCE250), medium (MCE350), and high (MCE450) dose groups were supplemented with 250, 350, and 450 mg/kg MCE, respectively. The egg weight and Haugh unit demonstrated a linear and quadratic increase with the MCE dose during the initial 4-wk period of the experiment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary supplementation of MCE led to a significant enhancement in eggshell thickness and Haugh unit at wk 8 and the data showed a statistically significant linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05). Serum cytokine assay showed that dietary supplementation of MCE led to linear and quadratic increases in IL-4 and IL-10 level (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 350 and 450 mg/kg MCE was observed to result in linear and quadratic increase in serum lysozyme levels (P < 0.05). The addition of MCE to the diet resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in the levels of sIgA in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). In terms of gene expression, the addition of MCE to the diet resulted in linear and quadratic increases in the expression of IL-10, IgA, Serpinb14, Serpinb14B, and OIH (P < 0.05). The expression of jejunal genes pIgR and IL-4 was observed to increase in a linear and quadratic manner, respectively, following the dietary addition of 350 mg/kg MCE and IL-1β decreased in a linear manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, these favorable effects were maximized at medium dosage (350 mg/kg) of MCE addition, and intestinal microbial composition in the control and MCE350 groups was assessed. 350 mg/kg MCE increased the relative abundance of Bryobacter and Parasutterella and decreased the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium in the cecum (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Bryobacter, Parasutterella, Skermanella, and Erysipelatoclostridium were associated with nonspecific immune functions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 350 mg/kg MCE supplementation elevated the immune response, and upregulated the expression of genes related to protein production in eggs, thereby improving egg quality. These effects may be associated with changes in the microbiota, specifically Bryobacter, Parasutterella, and Erysipelatoclostridium.

PMID:39442200 | DOI:10.1016/j.psj.2024.104394

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Oct 15;186:112135. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112135. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite its prevalence in adults, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is considered a rare entity in pediatrics where lymphomas, neural tumors, and soft tissue sarcomas predominate in the head and neck. Given the association of squamous cell carcinoma with the human papillomavirus, a risk factor that may be present from birth, and the difficulties in staging this disease for prognostication in children, it is important to revisit nationally collected data for prevalence and outcomes assessments.

OBJECTIVE: To examine a publicly available national database to describe the incidence, pathology, treatment, and survival of pediatric HNSCC. To review the available literature regarding management, outcomes, and risk factors for this disease process.

METHODS: The National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor database was queried to identify pediatric subjects ages 0 to 19 diagnosed HNSCC between 1973 and 2019.

RESULTS: Two-hundred ninety-two cases were identified. Subjects were 62.7 % male (n = 183) and the average age was 15.4 years (range 2-19, median 16). Subjects were 65.8 % white (n = 192), 22.9 % black (n = 67), 8.9 % Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 26), 1 % American Indian (n = 3), and 1.4 % unknown (n = 4). The most common primary sites were nasopharynx (45.9 %), oral cavity (30.5 %), larynx (8.6 %), salivary gland (4.1 %), nasal cavity & paranasal sinus (3.4 %), and lip (2.7 %). There was no statistically significant difference between primary subsite and age, race, histologic grade, or extent of disease. The 5-year overall survival was 83.6 %.

DISCUSSION: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is more likely to present in older children and is more prevalent in White populations. The nasopharynx is the most common subsite involved, which differs from adult populations in which non-nasopharyngeal subsites including the larynx, oral cavity, and oropharynx are most frequently affected.

CONCLUSION: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is rare in pediatric patients but should not be overlooked by physicians in the differential diagnosis, particularly in teenagers. Further study is needed to determine whether this represents a unique entity or can be staged and treated according to adult guidelines.

PMID:39442194 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112135

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Oct 20;186:112142. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112142. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess hearing levels and functional health outcomes of children two years after routine grommet surgery with standard care follow-up (discharge to General Practitioner (GP) care or Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) clinic appointment at 4-8 weeks).

METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 89 children (average age of 7.98 years) recalled for audiological assessment 2 years after grommet surgery in a large ENT outpatient service in South Auckland, New Zealand. Functional health was assessed using parent-reported responses to the OMQ20 questionnaire.

RESULTS: 46 (51.7 %) children had hearing loss in at least one ear with 28 (31.5 %) children having bilateral hearing loss. Māori children had statistically higher odds compared to non-Māori children (odds ratio 5.491, p = .003) to have bilateral hearing loss after controlling for age, household deprivation, gender, season, and mode of follow-up. Most parents reported concerns with their child’s hearing, speech, attention-seeking behaviours, and nasal symptoms, but not ear problems. Bilateral hearing loss (p < .001) was found to significantly predict functional health status (total OMQ20 score).

CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of hearing loss and functional health concerns suggest that the standard follow-up care is not adequately managing children after routine grommet insertion. Māori children are disproportionately impacted, and post-grommet follow-up schedules must consider individualised approaches to address these inequities in outcomes.

PMID:39442193 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112142

Dermatol Surg. 2024 Oct 23. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000004466. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Thread lifting, a minimally invasive alternative to facial rhytidectomy, has shifted from using nonabsorbable to absorbable sutures. Although many thread lift options exist, the impact of these different properties on complication rates remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically compare thread lift complication rates across different suture materials, textures, fixation methods, and lift locations.

MATERIALS/METHODS: A systematic review was conducted through February 2024, following PRISMA guidelines, using multiple databases. The study focused on absorbable sutures, excluding nonabsorbable materials. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square tests with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS: Nineteen studies, encompassing 1,406 patients, met inclusion criteria. A total of 876 complications were reported. Ecchymosis (19.49%), swelling (16.79%), and tenderness (9.96%) were the most frequent complications, while hematoma (0.64%), paresthesia (1.14%), and infection (2.49%) were least frequent. Complications varied significantly among the studied factors. Swelling and ecchymosis were more associated with polycaprolactone sutures, barbed threads, and midface lifts. Barbed threads were associated with more complications than smooth or coned threads, as were floating threads compared with fixed threads.

CONCLUSION: Variations in thread lift suture materials and fixation technique were associated with different complication rates. Thread lifts using absorbable sutures exhibited complication rates under 5%, suggesting a generally favorable safety profile.

PMID:39442180 | DOI:10.1097/DSS.0000000000004466

Dermatol Surg. 2024 Oct 23. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000004462. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Among the treatment modalities for post-acne scars, microneedling is considered a safe and effective method.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined microneedling with topical insulin versus microneedling with placebo (topical saline) in treating atrophic acne scars.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-one patients with atrophic post-acne scars were randomized and treated in a split face manner with 4 sessions at 3-week intervals of microneedling using dermapen, followed by application of insulin on one side of the face and saline (placebo) on the other side. Evaluation of response was done before the sessions and after 1 month of the last session using the Global Scarring Grading System of Goodman & Baron and Lipper & Perez scores, Patient reported acne scar improvement using a 4-point scale, patient satisfaction, and the facial acne scar quality of life tools.

RESULTS: Both therapeutic modalities yielded a statistically significant improvement of atrophic acne scars. By comparing both modalities, there was no statistical significance regarding clinical improvement and side effects.

CONCLUSION: Using topical insulin combined with microneedling may have a value in improving atrophic acne scars, suggesting further evaluation using different delivery systems, insulin formulations, and assessment modalities.

PMID:39442178 | DOI:10.1097/DSS.0000000000004462

JMIR Bioinform Biotechnol. 2024 Oct 23;5:e58357. doi: 10.2196/58357.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite growing interest in the clinical translation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), it remains uncertain to what extent genomic information can enhance the prediction of psychiatric outcomes beyond the data collected during clinical visits alone.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of incorporating PRSs into a suicide risk prediction model trained on electronic health records (EHRs) and patient-reported surveys among patients admitted to the emergency department.

METHODS: Study participants were recruited from the psychiatric emergency department at Massachusetts General Hospital. There were 333 adult patients of European ancestry who had high-quality genotype data available through their participation in the Mass General Brigham Biobank. Multiple neuropsychiatric PRSs were added to a previously validated suicide prediction model in a prospective cohort enrolled between February 4, 2015, and March 13, 2017. Data analysis was performed from July 11, 2022, to August 31, 2023. Suicide attempt was defined using diagnostic codes from longitudinal EHRs combined with 6-month follow-up surveys. The clinical risk score for suicide attempt was calculated from an ensemble model trained using an EHR-based suicide risk score and a brief survey, and it was subsequently used to define the baseline model. We generated PRSs for depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt, and externalizing traits using a Bayesian polygenic scoring method for European ancestry participants. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), area under the precision-recall curve, and positive predictive values.

RESULTS: Of the 333 patients (n=178, 53.5% male; mean age 36.8, SD 13.6 years; n=333, 100% non-Hispanic and n=324, 97.3% self-reported White), 28 (8.4%) had a suicide attempt within 6 months. Adding either the schizophrenia PRS or all PRSs to the baseline model resulted in the numerically highest discrimination (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-0.99) compared to the baseline model (AUC 0.84, 95% Cl 0.70-0.98). However, the improvement in model performance was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, incorporating genomic information into clinical prediction models for suicide attempt did not improve patient risk stratification. Larger studies that include more diverse participants are required to validate whether the inclusion of psychiatric PRSs in clinical prediction models can enhance the stratification of patients at risk of suicide attempts.

PMID:39442166 | DOI:10.2196/58357

J Occup Environ Hyg. 2024 Oct 23:1-12. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2400231. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Trichloramine is a disinfection by-product in chlorinated swimming pools. It can evaporate into the air and irritate eyes and airways among swimmers and pool workers. This study aimed to evaluate airborne concentrations of trichloramine in different types of indoor swimming pools. Altogether, 72 swimming pools across Sweden were included; 36 exercise pools, 16 instruction pools, seven adventure pools, and 13 rehabilitation pools. In total, 167 sampling sessions were performed with the majority (N = 91) conducted in public exercise pools. Repeated sampling sessions on different days were performed within all pool categories. Airborne trichloramine was measured stationary by the poolside using active sampling on quartz filters. In total, 434 air samples were collected. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of trichloramine for the exercise pools was 0.12 mg/m³ (range GM_pool: 0.02-0.29 mg/m³) and for about 30% the GM_pool exceeded the Swedish public health guideline value (0.2 mg/m³). The geometric mean for instruction pools was 0.18 mg/m³ and for adventure pools 0.20 mg/m³. Trichloramine concentrations were statistically significantly lower in rehabilitation pools (GM: 0.03 mg/m³) compared with the other pool categories. A statistically significant effect of time of the day for sampling was found for the exercise and instruction pools, with higher trichloramine levels during evenings compared with mornings and afternoons. For the rehabilitation pools, trichloramine was significantly higher during the cold season compared with the warm season. Variability in trichloramine concentrations was attributed to between-pool as well as within-pool variances. The within-pool variability encourages a repeated sampling strategy to capture the variation between different days. These findings have implications for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies as well as for indoor air quality monitoring. Trichloramine can cause acute irritative effects at elevated levels, and since trichloramine concentrations may differ depending on the time of the day it is recommended that full-day stationary measurements are supplemented with short-term samplings to capture these variations.

PMID:39442164 | DOI:10.1080/15459624.2024.2400231

Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2024 Oct 21;33(spe2):e20231393. doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231393.especial2.en. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze vaccination coverage according to social strata in children up to 24 months old, living in the municipality of Londrina (PR), Brazil.

METHODS: This was a population-based survey conducted between 2021 and 2022, in which vaccination coverage and sociodemographic aspects of mothers and families were evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square test.

RESULTS: In a sample of 456 children, complete vaccination coverage varied according to social strata, being 36.0% (95%CI 26.8;57.8); in stratum A; 59.5% (95%CI 26.1;86); in stratum B; 66.2% (95%CI 51.7;78.1); in stratum C; and 70.0% (95%CI 56.1;81.0) in stratum D.

CONCLUSION: The analysis of vaccination coverage indicated that social stratum A is at highest risk for vaccine-preventable diseases.

MAIN RESULTS: The results of the study showed low full vaccination coverage in children up to 24 months of age in Londrina, being higher in the less financially advantaged social stratum, compared to the most advantaged.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The results found can support the qualification of the immunization program and enable, based on planning and ongoing health education, the definition of unique strategies to improve vaccination coverage.

PERSPECTIVES: Future perspectives point to the importance of carrying out investigations into the challenges inherent to vaccination, as well as qualitative and quantitative research addressing health professionals to better understand the data.

PMID:39442146 | DOI:10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231393.especial2.en

Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2024 Oct 21;33(spe2):e20231309. doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231309.especial2.en. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reliability of records held on the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI) in a subsample of children included in the national vaccination coverage survey in Brazilian state capitals and Federal District in 2020.

METHODS: This was a study of agreement between data recorded on vaccination cards (doses and dates) and on the SI-PNI for 4050 children with full coverage at 24 months.

RESULTS: Data on 3587 children were held on the SI-PNI, with losses of 11% (95%CI: 10;12). Total agreement between doses and dates in the two sources was 86% (95%CI: 86;87), however taking each dose and vaccine individually, variation was greater, with 32% of data in only one source.

CONCLUSION: Part of the information was not recorded, but the discrepancy can be considered small. Nonetheless, underrecording of doses and children can compromise vaccination coverage estimates, altering the numerator and denominator data.

MAIN RESULTS: Subsample of 4,050 children, among those completing the full schedule at 24 months studied in the national survey, 11% had not been recorded on the SI-PNI, 32% had unrecorded doses (doses or dates) and there was 8% disagreement between vaccination cards and SI-PNI records.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: Recognizing the difficulties faced by the SI-PNI and the discrepancies between sources is essential for adopting initiatives to improve data quality, so as to avoid inaccurate estimates of childhood vaccination coverage.

PERSPECTIVES: This study is expected to contribute to improving the quality of records and the usability of data for monitoring vaccination coverage of the immunization program from the local to the national level.

PMID:39442145 | DOI:10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231309.especial2.en

Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2024 Oct 21;33(spe2):e20231206. doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231206.especial2.en. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vaccination coverage and delay in vaccine dose administration in infants in six municipalities in the Southern region of Brazil.

METHODOLOGY: National Vaccination Coverage Survey 2020, with infants born alive in 2017 and 2018, carried out from September 2020 to March 2022. Coverage of doses administered, doses administered on time and delay in dose administration were evaluated.

RESULTS: For 4681 infants analyzed, coverage for vaccines recommended up to 24 months was 68.0% (95%CI 63.9;71.8%) for doses administered and 3.9% (95%CI 2.7%;5.7%) for doses administered on time. Delay time for the majority of late vaccinations was ≤ 3 months. For some boosters, 25% of vaccine administration was delayed by ≥ 6 months.

CONCLUSION: In addition to tracking vaccine defaulters, strategies are needed to encourage compliance with the vaccination schedule at the recommended ages.

MAIN RESULTS: Vaccination coverage for the set of vaccines recommended up to 24 months was 68.0% and 3.9% for on-time doses. Delay time for some doses exceeded six months in up to 25% of infants with delayed vaccination.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: Monitoring vaccine administration at the recommended ages is necessary, with the adoption of strategies that reinforce routine vaccination to prevent vaccination delays and abandonment.

PERSPECTIVES: Primary care in surveillance and care for infants needs to reinforce actions to ensure timely vaccination. Studies to deepen knowledge of vaccination delay, determinants and strategies for their reduction are necessary.

PMID:39442144 | DOI:10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e20231206.especial2.en