Category: Nevin Manimala

JAMA Surg. 2025 Dec 23. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2025.5699. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Despite the recovery advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques, moderate to severe pain after laparoscopic colorectal surgery is a common barrier to improving postoperative recovery quality.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether intrathecal morphine (ITM) combined with transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) improves postoperative recovery quality after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective, double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between October 15, 2024, and February 15, 2025. Adults scheduled for elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomized 1:1 to ITM or saline placebo. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025.

INTERVENTIONS: Both groups received liposomal bupivacaine for TAPB as part of standard enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. The intervention group received ITM, 3 µg/kg, while the control group received intrathecal normal saline.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery 15 (QoR-15) score at 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, cumulative opioid consumption (in morphine milligram equivalents [MME]), time to first flatus, time to first ambulation, incidence of adverse effects, and length of hospital stay.

RESULTS: A total of 252 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (mean [SD] age, 58.4 [11.1] years; 112 female patients [44.4%]). At 24 hours postoperatively, the intervention group had significantly higher mean (SE) QoR-15 scores compared to the control group (114.95 [1.04] vs 102.22 [0.76]; mean difference, 12.21; 95% CI, 9.91-14.51; P < .001), indicating better recovery quality. Postoperative mean (SD) morphine consumption was lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (4.4 [6.4] MME vs 10.4 [11.1] MME; mean difference, -6.59; 95% CI, -8.88 to -4.31; P < .001). The intervention group also had a reduced incidence of nausea (23.8% vs 37.3%; adjusted risk difference, -15.06%; 95% CI, -26.60% to -3.52%; P = .01), but a high incidence of pruritus was observed in the intervention group (19.0% vs 3.2%; adjusted risk difference, 15.08%; 95% CI, 7.26%-22.90%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Per the results of this randomized clinical trial, in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, ITM combined with TAPB can significantly enhance early postoperative recovery and analgesia, albeit with an increased risk of pruritus. This strategy may be a valuable component of multimodal analgesia regimens following laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06636864.

PMID:41433024 | DOI:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.5699

J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2025 Sep 30;22(sup1):2586523. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2586523. Epub 2025 Dec 23.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Creatine (Cr) supplementation is well established for enhancing fat-free mass (FFM) when combined with resistance training (RT). However, the influence of prior training experience on supplementation efficacy remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials evaluated the effects of Cr supplementation combined with RT on body composition, with particular emphasis on the differences between trained (experienced) and untrained (novice) individuals.

METHODS: A systematic search of major databases was conducted to identify controlled trials published until March 2025. The effects of Cr supplementation on body mass, body mass index (BMI), FFM, fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage (BFP) were examined using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS: A pooled analysis of 61 trials revealed that Cr supplementation significantly increased FFM (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 1.39 kg; 95% confidence intereval (CI): 1.07,1.70; p < 0.001) and body mass (WMD: 0.89 kg; 95% CI: 0.76,1.01; p < 0.001) without significant effects on FM, BMI, and BFP. Trained individuals exhibited greater, though non-significant, gains in FFM (1.82 vs. 1.23 kg) compared with untrained participants, despite similar increases in total body mass. Dose-response analyses identified significant relationships between Cr dose and changes in body mass and BMI. Furthermore, supplementation duration was associated with changes in BFP and body mass.

CONCLUSION: Both novice and experienced lifters gained FFM with Cr supplementation compared to placebo. The increase in FFM was approximately 0.6 kg (≈50%) greater in experienced participants; however, this between-group difference was not statistically significant.

PMID:41433021 | DOI:10.1080/15502783.2025.2586523

Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Dec 23;63(1):322. doi: 10.1007/s12035-025-05635-5.

ABSTRACT

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress contribute significantly to cognitive decline, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Addressing cognitive decline is a critical medical need, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) may offer a promising solution. This meta-analysis highlights the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of PDE5Is, which may help counter neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases including AD. We reviewed over 1,258 studies and considered 34 preclinical rodent studies of inflammation or oxidative stress. Quantitative data on biomarkers such as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, NF-κB, IL-10, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and caspase-3 was extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model. Study quality was evaluated with a modified CAMARADES checklist, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. PDE5Is treatment significantly lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, while boosting the levels of critical anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules. The pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) indicated treatment efficacy for nearly all biomarkers. Notably, the studies on Alzheimer’s models confirmed similar therapeutic benefits in reducing amyloid burden and enhancing cognitive outcomes. With a strong safety profile and ability to modulate Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways, PDE5Is offer promising neuroprotective potential. Thus, repurposing PDE5Is may develop new disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s, making clinical investigation crucial.

PMID:41433006 | DOI:10.1007/s12035-025-05635-5

JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Dec 23;14:e74298. doi: 10.2196/74298.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Older adults are a rapidly growing demographic and often face social isolation and limited access to outdoor activities due to mobility issues, health conditions, and environmental barriers. These limitations can negatively impact their well-being, leading to reduced physical activity, cognitive decline, and emotional distress. Virtual reality (VR) technology offers a promising solution to bridge this gap by enabling access to immersive virtual environments, which may enhance the quality of life for residents in nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether the use of VR glasses in nursing homes improves the quality of life of older adults by reducing the challenges they face in participating in recreational activities outside their care facilities.

METHODS: This study will adopt a prospective, longitudinal quasi-experimental design conducted in nursing homes within a basic health area of Catalonia, Spain. The intervention period will span 1 year. Participants will use VR glasses to interact with virtual environments, and their quality of life will be measured using the Rivas-Borda Quality of Life Scale, based on other validated scales.

RESULTS: Outcomes will focus on variations in quality-of-life scores before and after the intervention, as determined by the Rivas-Borda Scale. Statistical analysis will include detailed metrics such as sample size, confidence intervals, and P values to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS: This research seeks to confirm that VR technology can be a valuable tool for enhancing the quality of life in older adults residing in nursing homes, addressing issues like social isolation and limited access to outdoor activities in an innovative and engaging way.

PMID:41432992 | DOI:10.2196/74298

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2025 Dec 23;146(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s00402-025-06161-8.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has become an established alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis, offering faster recovery and better functional outcomes. However, results during the early phase of institutional adoption may vary depending on surgeon experience and procedural standardization. This study aimed to evaluate early clinical outcomes, complication rates, revision profiles, and the learning curve associated with the initial institutional adoption of medial mobile-bearing UKA in a high-volume, multi-surgeon center.

METHODS: This prospective case series included 154 consecutive medial UKAs performed by five surgeons on 152 patients. Pre- and postoperative KOOS and NPRS were recorded up to a 24-month follow-up, with a 100% follow-up rate. The primary endpoint was improvement in pain and function as measured by NPRS and KOOS. Inclusion/exclusion criteria, surgical technique, and rehab protocol were standardized.

RESULTS: Mean NPRS improved significantly from 7.6 ± 1.4 preoperatively to 1.8 ± 1.9 at 24 months (p < 0.001). Total KOOS increased from 31.0 ± 12.5 to 88.0 ± 13.4 (p < 0.001), with all subscales exceeding the minimal clinically important difference. The two-year revision-free survival rate was 94.8% (95% CI 90.5-97.0%). A total of 9 complications (5.8%) occurred, mostly early technical events related to the initial learning curve, including three bearing dislocations.

CONCLUSION: Medial UKA showed excellent early outcomes with a low revision rate and a complication profile consistent with the expected early technical learning phase. These findings support the safe and effective institutional introduction of medial UKA, emphasizing the importance of structured training and standardized protocols for successful early adoption.

PMID:41432963 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-025-06161-8

Eur J Popul. 2025 Dec 23. doi: 10.1007/s10680-025-09763-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This article presents an investigation into the gendered outcomes of inter-regional moves in six European countries, adopting a life-course perspective. Analyses are based on retrospective data from SHARELIFE for birth cohorts from the 1930s to 1960s in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Sweden. Linear probability panel models with fixed effects are used to examine the association between inter-regional migration and employment status over time, while assessing whether it differs by gender and family status. Results show that men experience improved employment probabilities following migration, regardless of their family status, and that these outcomes are consistent across countries. Moreover, the likelihood of employment for men continues to gradually increase several years after the move. In contrast, inter-regional mobility favours single women more than partnered women, especially mothers. Results, however, do not confirm a pattern of continued disadvantages, as mobility does not further reduce the employment prospects of mothers over time. The largest differences in the association between geographical mobility and employment between single women and mothers are observed in Mediterranean countries, while in more egalitarian countries like Sweden these differences are comparatively small.

PMID:41432959 | DOI:10.1007/s10680-025-09763-5

J Neurooncol. 2025 Dec 23;176(2):134. doi: 10.1007/s11060-025-05373-7.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Postoperative seizures are a significant complication following glioma surgery. While prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) are widely prescribed, the optimal duration of prophylaxis remains unclear. Current guidelines lack specificity regarding high-risk subgroups that may benefit from extended ASM therapy. Here, we aimed to determine whether ASM duration affects postoperative seizure occurrence and to identify patient subgroups in whom longer ASM prophylaxis significantly reduces seizure risk.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 206 adult high-grade glioma patients who underwent resection. Postoperative seizure occurrence was the primary outcome. ASM duration was modeled using logistic regression with cubic splines to detect non-linear effects, and a classification decision tree was trained to identify high-risk subgroups. Observed seizure rates were compared across data-driven ASM duration thresholds. Time-to-event analysis was also performed.

RESULTS: Mean age was 48.1 years (SD 15.9); 48.5% were male. Most tumors were located in the frontal (43.3%) and temporal lobes (29.6%), with glioblastoma being the most common histology (65%). Spline regression revealed no statistically significant association between ASM duration and seizure occurrence (pseudo R² = 0.0066; p = 0.69). However, decision tree analysis suggested a clinically meaningful subgroup: patients aged > 52.5 years with subtotal resection had increased seizure risk when ASM duration was ≤ 135 days. In this group, extending ASM prophylaxis was associated with a lower seizure rate.

CONCLUSION: While extended ASM prophylaxis was not broadly associated with reduced seizure risk, tree-based analysis suggested an older, incompletely resected subgroup that may benefit from prolonged ASM use.

REGISTRATION NUMBER: IR.TUMS.SINAHOSPITAL.REC.1402.091 retrospectively registered.

PMID:41432958 | DOI:10.1007/s11060-025-05373-7

J Chem Theory Comput. 2025 Dec 23. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01509. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Statistical approaches are an increasingly powerful technique for characterizing changes in the electronic structure during reactions or molecular excitations. High-throughput studies in complex environments, in particular, benefit from methods that are both computationally efficient and require minimal pre- or postprocessing of electronic structure outputs. To address this need, we investigate optimal transport (OT), which compares probability distributions through a cost-minimizing transport plan. By applying OT to electron densities along a reaction coordinate and partitioning the resulting transport plan, we reveal how noncore electron density evolves during chemical processes. We demonstrate the approach on two systems: Bergman cyclization and proton transfer occurring within a water cluster. Along the intrinsic reaction coordinate of Bergman cyclization, OT yields chemically intuitive insights and complements information provided by the electron localization function. For the proton-transfer reaction, based on ab initio molecular dynamics, OT clearly identifies individual transfer events. Together, these studies demonstrate that optimal transport provides a promising new framework for investigating chemical reactivity.

PMID:41432932 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01509

World J Urol. 2025 Dec 23;44(1):62. doi: 10.1007/s00345-025-06131-0.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based perioperative care approach aimed at attenuating surgical stress response and facilitating patient recovery. This study compared postoperative outcomes between an ERAS perioperative model to a traditional, unstandardized perioperative care practice in patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 206 patients who underwent robotic renal surgery were stratified into traditional and ERAS cohorts. In total, 111 patients received the ERAS pathway, and 95 received traditional care. Data was collected through a retrospective review of electronic medical records. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay (LOS). The secondary outcomes included patient recovery milestones, pain scores, opioid use, patient complications, 30-day readmission rates, incidence of surgical site infection, and total hospital costs.

RESULTS: Implementation of the ERAS pathway was associated with shorter hospital stay (median LOS 2.2 days vs. 2.3 days p = 0.011), lower post-operative pain scores and lower total opioid requirements at all analyzed time points (0-1, 1-24, and 24-48 h). No statistically significant differences were observed in adverse events, rates of ileus, time to first flatus, surgical site infection, or oral intake. Hospital costs were similar between groups. 30-day readmission was higher in the traditional care cohort (9% vs. 2% p = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS: ERAS was associated with reduced length of hospital stay, improved pain scores, reduced opioid use, and lower incidence of hospital readmission in patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy.

PMID:41432926 | DOI:10.1007/s00345-025-06131-0

Exp Brain Res. 2025 Dec 23;244(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s00221-025-07212-7.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate hand muscle strength, dexterity and hand sensation in individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy. The study was completed with a total of 57 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN+) (n = 31) and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN-) (n = 26). Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test (SWMT) was used for light touch sensation, 128 Hz tuning fork for vibration sensation, esthesiometer for two-point discrimination sensation, Baseline hydraulic hand dynamometer for rough grip strength, Baseline pinch meter for finger pinch strength, and 9-hole peg test (NHPT) for manual dexterity. When light touch sensation was examined in DPN+ and DPN- groups, a significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.05). When two-point discrimination sense was evaluated between the DPN+ and DPN- groups, it was found to be significant in favor of the DPN+ group in the 1st finger of the right hand and 2nd and 3rd fingers of the left hand (p < 0.05). Rough grip strength values ​​were found to be significantly lower in the DPN+ group in both hands (p < 0.05). In the DPN+ group, left 1st and 2nd finger pinch strength values ​​were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Manual dexterity values ​​were significantly higher in the DPN+ group (p < 0.05). Peripheral sensory nerve involvement in diabetic patients reduces hand grip strength and hand function. Understanding these connections between diabetes, sensation, and muscle strength is important for developing targeted interventions and rehabilitation strategies to help diabetic patients maintain their quality of life.

PMID:41432912 | DOI:10.1007/s00221-025-07212-7