Category: Nevin Manimala

J Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 22. doi: 10.1002/jcph.6191. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Albuvirtide (ABT) is a novel long-acting fusion inhibitor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and may be co-administered with rifampicin (RIF) in patients concurrent with tubercle bacillus and HIV-1. This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic effect of co-administration of the two drugs. In the study, 24 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive ABT alone or with RIF. Plasma concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for RIF and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ABT. Co-administration with RIF increased the maximum concentration (C_max) of ABT by 6.93%, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC_0-t) by 21.31%; the geometric mean ratio values (GMRs) for C_max and AUC_0-t of ABT when co-administered with RIF, relative to administered alone, were 106.93% (90% confidence interval [CI] 97.53%-117.23%) and 121.31% (90% CI 108.68%-135.40%), respectively. Co-administration with ABT decreased the steady-state C_max (C_max,ss) of RIF by 10.19%, and the steady-state AUC from time 0 to 24 h (AUC_{0-24 h,ss}) by 19.93%; the GMRs for C_max,ss and AUC_{0-24 h,ss} of RIF when co-administered with ABT, relative to administered alone, were 89.81% (90% CI, 79.97%-104.79%) and 80.07% (90% CI 75.68%-84.72%), respectively. The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) of both ABT and RIF demonstrated no statistically significant difference, whether administered alone or concurrently. The pharmacokinetics profiles of both RIF and ABT changed to some extent when co-administered, while no clinically significant impact on these two drugs was observed, indicating that ABT and RIF can be used together without necessitating dose adjustments.

PMID:39840531 | DOI:10.1002/jcph.6191

J Anat. 2025 Jan 22. doi: 10.1111/joa.14195. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The fibula, despite being traditionally overlooked compared to the femur and the tibia, has recently received attention in primate functional morphology due to its correlation with the degree of arboreality (DOA). Highlighting further fibular features that are associated with arboreal habits would be key to improving palaeobiological inferences in fossil specimens. Here we present the first investigation on the trabecular bone structure of the primate fibula, focusing on the distal epiphysis, across a vast array of species. We collected μCT data on the distal fibula for 21 species of primates, with representatives from most of the orders, and we employed a recently developed approach implemented in the R package ‘indianaBones’ to isolate the entire trabecular bone underlying an epiphysis or articular facet. After extracting both traditional trabecular parameters and novel topological indices, we tested for the posited relationship between trabecular bone and DOA. To disentangle this effect from others related to body size and phylogenetic relationship, we included a body mass proxy as covariate and employed phylogenetic comparative methods. We ran univariate/multivariate and exploratory/inferential statistical analyses. The trabecular structure of the fibular distal epiphysis in primates does not appear to be associated with the DOA. Instead, it is strongly affected by body mass and phylogenetic relationships. Although we identified some minor trends related to human bipedalism, our findings overall discourage, at this stage, the study of distal fibula trabecular bone to infer arboreal behaviors in extinct primates. We further found that body size distribution is strongly related to phylogeny, an issue preventing us from unravelling the influence of the two factors and that we believe can potentially affect future comparative analyses of primates. Overall, our results add to previous evidence of how trabecular traits show variable correlation with locomotor aspects, size and phylogenetic history across the primate skeleton, thus outlining a complex scenario in which a network of interconnected factors affects the morphological evolution of primates. This work may represent a starting point for future studies, for example, focusing on the effect of human bipedalism on distal fibula trabecular bone, or aiming to better understand the effects of body size and phylogenetic history on primate morphological evolution.

PMID:39840527 | DOI:10.1111/joa.14195

Sci Prog. 2025 Jan-Mar;108(1):368504241307719. doi: 10.1177/00368504241307719.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Retail involves directly delivering goods and services to end consumers. Natural disasters and epidemics/pandemics have significant potential to disrupt supply chains, leading to shortages, forecasting errors, price increases, and substantial financial strains on retailers. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for retail sectors to prepare for crisis impacts on sales forecasts by regularly assessing and adjusting sales volumes, consumer behavior, and forecasting models to adapt to changing conditions.

METHODS: This study explores strategies for adapting sales forecasts and retail approaches in response to such crises. By employing different machine learning (ML) methods, we analyze consumer behavior changes and sales impacts across various product categories, including bottom wear, top wear, one piece, accessories, outwear, and shoes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS: The gradient boosting and CatBoost algorithms excelled in product groups with significant sales changes during the pandemic. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm performed well in low-volume categories like accessories and footwear. Meanwhile, MLP, LightGBM, and XGBoost were effective in medium-volume categories such as outerwear and underwear.

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the efficacy of these models in adapting sales forecasts to crisis conditions, offering a practical approach to enhancing retail resilience against future disruptions. This study offers an effective approach for adapting sales forecasting to shifting consumer behaviors during crises.

PMID:39840498 | DOI:10.1177/00368504241307719

Sci Prog. 2025 Jan-Mar;108(1):368504241301520. doi: 10.1177/00368504241301520.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ahmed glaucoma valve in pediatric patients with refractory glaucoma.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple major databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Science Direct, China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang database. We retrieved studies published before December 2022 that met the inclusion criteria, including clinical controlled trials (randomized controlled trials) and clinical noncontrolled trials (non-randomized controlled trials) on the use of Ahmed glaucoma valve in pediatric patients with refractory glaucoma. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review. The efficacy measures included intraocular pressure, number of anti-glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and success rate. The safety measures were complications. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.

RESULTS: We identified 46 eligible studies: Compared with geographic location and study type, the Ahmed glaucoma valve showed a decrease in postoperative intraocular pressure and number of anti-glaucoma medications compared to preoperative levels in children with refractory glaucoma (P < 0.001). Compared with etiological, the Ahmed glaucoma valve showed a decrease in intraocular pressure after surgery compared to preoperative levels in children with refractory glaucoma (SMD: 14.57, 95% CI: 14.05-15.08, P < 0.00 1), and a decrease in postoperative number of anti-glaucoma medications compared to preoperative number of anti-glaucoma medications (SMD: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.37-1.54, P < 0.001). Compared with trabeculectomy revision surgery, there was no significant difference in the complete success rate between the two groups (SMD: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.52-1.39; P = 0.37).Overall, the postoperative intraocular pressure at the time of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation was lower than that at the time of trabeculectomy revision surgery (SMD: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.71-1.31, I² = 99%, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses based on whether mitomycin C was use d or not. There was a statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure between Ahmed’s glaucoma valve surgery and preoperative (SMD: 14.13, 95% CI: 13.47-14.80, P = 0.007). Comparison of cumulative complete success rates of Ahmed S2, S3, and Ahmed FP7, FP8 in Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.38-1.45, I² = 85%, P = 0.38). There is no statistical difference between the two groups. Choroidal effusion and anterior chamber hemorrhage are the two most common adverse events after Ahmed’s glaucoma valve surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: The Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation has some effectiveness in reducing intraocular pressure in children with refractory glaucoma, but there are still many complications. Valve model may not be the key factor affecting the postoperative effectiveness and adverse reactions of refractory glaucoma in children.

PMID:39840485 | DOI:10.1177/00368504241301520

Public Health Nurs. 2025 Jan 22. doi: 10.1111/phn.13539. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Grasping the nuanced needs of older adults is paramount for the efficacious provision of day-care services. Our study sought to identify the demand patterns for day-care services in China and to explore the underlying factors. This study aims to offer useful evidence that can refine nursing care strategies and guide policy development within day-care settings.

METHODS: We implemented a comprehensive electronic survey comprising 46 questions targeting older adults across nine day-care centers in Nanjing, China. Employing latent profile analysis (LPA), we systematically examined and categorized the demand characteristics for day-care services. This analysis was conducted using Mplus version 8.3 and SPSS version 26.0 software, ensuring a rigorous and precise methodological approach.

RESULTS: Our study involved a comprehensive survey of 1016 older adults. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their demand for day-care services: high demand (n = 127), medium demand (n = 197), and low demand (n = 692). The low-demand group exhibited higher levels of social support and better activities of daily living (ADL) scores compared to their counterparts. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that older adults characterized by male gender, advanced age, higher levels of education, receipt of support from a child, presence of chronic diseases, and lower social support and ADL scores exhibited a statistically significant inclination towards moderate to high demand for day-care services (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The demand for day-care services for older adults in China is intricately influenced by a complex array of interrelated factors. Tailoring service offerings to meet the varied physical and emotional needs of older adults is essential, with a particular focus on health and wellness management in day-care centers.

PMID:39840478 | DOI:10.1111/phn.13539

Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2025 Jan 22. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000005257. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a difference in reoperations for adjacent segment disease (operative ASD) and nonunion (operative nonunion) in lumbar fusions that stop at T10/T11/T12 versus L1.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Current lumbar spine surgery is based on the belief that ASD occurs if fusions are stopped at L1 although there is varying evidence to support this assumption.

METHODS: We conducted a cohort study using data from a US-based integrated healthcare system’s Spine Registry of adult patients ≥18 years old with degenerative disc disease/adult lumbar deformity who underwent primary lumbar fusions. The exposure of interest was lumbar fusions stopping at L1 versus T10/T11/T12. Propensity score-weighted Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to evaluate reoperation risk for ASD and for nonunion.

RESULTS: The study cohort included 227 lumbar fusions that stop at L1 and 228 stop at T10/T11/12. Mean age for the cohort was 68.4 years with mean follow-up time of 6.3 years. For caudal level at L5 and S1, we found no statistical differences between operative ASD stopping at L1 versus T10/11/12 (HR=1.03, 95% CI=0.53-2.02, P=0.93 and HR=0.67, 95% CI=0.27-1.67, P=0.39, respectively). For the Short-segment fusions (caudal level: L3,4,5) and Long-segment fusions (L5, S1. S1+ilium) we also found no statistical difference in operative ASD (HR=1.44, 95% CI=0.68-3.09, P=0.34 and HR=0.83, 95% CI=0.52-1.30, P=0.41, respectively). For Long-segment fusions we also found no statistical difference in operative nonunion (HR=0.65, 95% CI=0.20-2.11, P=0.47).

CONCLUSION: Our study provides some evidence against crossing the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) for individual constructs terminating at S1, as well as for Long-segment fusions, based on comparisons of operative ASD and operative nonunion. However, further research is needed to determine whether this finding holds true for individual constructs with caudal levels at L2, L3, L4, and S1+ilium.

PMID:39840471 | DOI:10.1097/BRS.0000000000005257

J Int Med Res. 2025 Jan;53(1):3000605241311450. doi: 10.1177/03000605241311450.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the relationship between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition often caused by obesity, which remains unclear.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among adults in the United States (US) aged 20 to 65 years, covering the periods 2005 to 2008 and 2015 to 2018. The study included 8278 participants; we used multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses to explore the relationship between WWI and OSA.

RESULTS: After adjusting for all covariates, each unit increase in WWI was associated with a 30% increase in OSA prevalence (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.40).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that WWI, an index reflecting abdominal obesity, can provide important insights into OSA risk assessment. Its strong association with OSA highlights its potential utility in predicting OSA prevalence, particularly among diverse subpopulations. The WWI was associated with a higher prevalence of OSA among US adults and may serve as a valuable tool for risk assessment, early screening, and intervention strategies in clinical practice.

PMID:39840466 | DOI:10.1177/03000605241311450

Chron Respir Dis. 2025 Jan-Dec;22:14799731241310895. doi: 10.1177/14799731241310895.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) services are increasingly using alternative programme delivery modes, for example telerehabilitation strategies including videoconferencing, to improve patient choice and accessibility. Although telerehabilitation results in improvements in core outcomes, the effect on knowledge attainment is not known. Aim: To observe the real-world responses of patients choosing to undergo videoconference PR to a matched control group choosing to undergo in-person PR, in terms of knowledge attainment. Methods: Using propensity score matching, 25 people with COPD who completed videoconference PR were matched 1:1 with a control group of 25 people with COPD who completed in-person PR. Knowledge attainment was measured using the Lung Information Needs Questionnaire (LINQ). Results: There was a statistically and clinically significant improvement in LINQ score in both groups (mean (95%CI): videoconference -3.2 (-4.7 to -1.6); in-person -3.0 (-4.5 to -1.4)), with no significant between-group difference (mean (95%CI): 0.2 (-2.0 to -2.4)). 76% and 80% of participants achieved the minimal important difference of the LINQ in the videoconference and in-person PR groups respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this real-world service evaluation indicates that videoconference PR may be associated with similar improvements in knowledge attainment as in-person PR, but this requires corroboration due to the small sample size.

PMID:39840462 | DOI:10.1177/14799731241310895

J Oral Rehabil. 2025 Jan 22. doi: 10.1111/joor.13937. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: For restorative demands, increased vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is sometimes necessary, as facial changes can be perceptible.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the perception of facial change due to increased VDO and associated soft tissue changes using 3D-scanned facial images.

METHODS: Forty participants with healthy dentition and no loss of VDO were recruited. The VDO was increased by 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm on a semi-adjustable articulator after maxillomandibular impressions. Facebow transfers were taken for each participant to create a personalised device. 3D facial scans were taken with the mandibular occlusal device in place, creating facial capture files from frontal, lateral and anteroposterior views for each scanned data. Sixty evaluators were recruited to consecutively cross-compare maximal intercuspal captures with increased VDO. To evaluate soft tissue changes with increased VDO, facial measurements, total face height, lower face height, lip width, lip height and nasolabial angle were measured thrice in 3D scan images using computer-aided design software. Statistical analysis entailed one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: A 4-mm increase in the VDO showed the highest perceptibility for facial change, varying among evaluator groups. Total face height, lower face height and nasolabial angle increased with VDO, while lip width and height decreased. Each soft tissue measurement differed significantly (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: For 3D-scanned facial changes, a 4-mm increase in VDO was the most perceptible difference. Increased VDO affects facial changes.

PMID:39840459 | DOI:10.1111/joor.13937

Radiol Oncol. 2025 Jan 22. doi: 10.2478/raon-2025-0004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the reduction of hematoma risk during MRI-guided breast biopsies by evaluating position-dependent intervention parameters and characteristics of the target lesion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 252 percutaneous MRI-guided breast biopsies performed at a single center between January 2013 and December 2023. Two groups were built depending on the severity of relative hematoma formation (using a cut-off ≤ 7.62 cm³ or > 7.62 cm³). Potential influencing variables were assessed, such as patient demographics, interventional parameters related to anatomical landmarks, and lesion characteristics. Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney-U-Test were used to calculate the statistical difference between groups of categorical, dichotomous, and continuous variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the strongest association with relative hematoma formation.

RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that relatively larger hematoma occurred significantly more frequently when the patients were younger (P = 0.002), the relative distances from the target lesion to the nipple (P = 0.001) as well as alongside the access path (P = 0.001) were greater and when the vacuum-assisted biopsy system was used in contrast to the Spirotome® (P = 0.035). Multivariable logistic regression analysis also showed that these were independently associated with the occurrence of relatively larger hematomas. Epinephrine in the local anesthetic, lesion location classified by specific quadrant, and pathological findings did not influence the extent of the hematoma.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the importance of strategic procedural planning to minimize hematoma occurrence and enhance patient safety during MRI-guided breast biopsy procedures.

PMID:39840427 | DOI:10.2478/raon-2025-0004