Category: Nevin Manimala

J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024 Jun 7:S1058-2746(24)00410-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.04.020. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Utilization in outpatient total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) has increased significantly in recent years. It remains largely unknown whether utilization of outpatient TSA differs across gender and racial groups. This study aimed to quantify racial and gender disparities both nationally and by geographic regions.

METHODS: 168,504 TSAs were identified using Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) inpatient and outpatient claims data and beneficiary enrollment data from 2020 to 2022Q4. The percentage of outpatient cases, defined as cases discharged on the same day of surgery, was evaluated by racial and gender groups and by different census divisions. A multivariate logistics regression model controlling for patient socio-demographic information (white vs. non-white race, age, gender, and dual eligibility for both Medicare and Medicaid), hierarchical condition category (HCC) score, hospital characteristics, year fixed effects, and patient residency state fixed effects was performed.

RESULTS: The TSA volume per 1000 beneficiaries was 2.3 for the White population compared to 0.8, 0.6 and 0.3 for the Black, Hispanic, and Asian population, respectively. A higher percentage of outpatient TSAs were in White patients (25.6%) compared to Black patients (20.4%) (p < 0.001). The Black TSA patients were also younger, more likely to be female, more likely to be dually eligible for Medicaid, and had higher HCC risk scores. After controlling for patient socio-demographic characteristics and hospital characteristics, the odds of receiving outpatient TSAs were 30% less for Black than the White group (OR 0.70). Variations were observed across different census divisions with South Atlantic (0.67, p < 0.01), East North Central (0.56, p < 0.001), and Middle Atlantic (0.36, p < 0.01) being the four regions observed with significant racial disparities. Statistically significant gender disparities were also found nationally and across regions, with an overall odds ratio of 0.75 (p < 0.001).

DISCUSSION: Statistically significant racial and gender disparities were found nationally in outpatient TSAs, with Black patients having 30% (p < 0.001) fewer odds of receiving outpatient TSAs than white patients, and female patients with 25% (p < 0.001) fewer odds than male patients. Racial and gender disparities continue to be an issue for shoulder arthroplasties after the adoption of outpatient TSAs.

PMID:38852710 | DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2024.04.020

Psychiatr Pol. 2024 Feb 28;58(1):183-199. doi: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/151068. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Some studies suggest that homosexual identity, compared to heterosexual, may be associated with a reduced risk of premature ejaculation (PE). The aim of this study was to test this relationship and to investigate possible underlaying mechanisms.

METHODS: The present study drew on a database obtained from a cross-sectional online study of the sexuality of Polish heterosexual (HM; N = 1,121), gay (GM; N = 1,789) and bisexual (BM; N = 743) men. The dependent variable was the PE diagnosis based on the PEDT questionnaire. The explanatory variables were characteristics of sexual and partnership patterns, health and minority stress among GM and BM. Statistical one- and multifactor analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Homosexual identity proved to be an independent negative predictor of PE diagnosis. The preference for insertive penetration activity (including vaginal), performance anxiety and financial difficulties increased the risk of PE, while the experience of insertive and receptive forms of oral and anal sex but not vaginal sex, a higher level of education, better general sexual functioning and regular physical activity reduced such risk. The predictive meaning of homosexual identity has not been present in multifactor models for group of men in relationships.

CONCLUSIONS: Homosexual identity is associated with a lower risk of PE diagnosis. This may be due to the differences in sexualities of GM and HM, as well as other psychosocial factors.

PMID:38852188 | DOI:10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/151068

Psychiatr Pol. 2024 Feb 28;58(1):121-151. doi: 10.12740/PP/177073. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To depict overall psychological well-being of a large group of students of different universities in Ukraine three months after the emerge of the full-scale war.

METHODS: A total of 1,142 participants were asked to measure their psychological well-being on a 0-10 scale before and after the onset of full-scale war. Mental health symptoms were measured with questionnaires targeting depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), sleep problems (ISI), eating disorders (SCOFF), alcohol abuse (CAGE), and PTSD symptoms (PC-PTSD-5). To evaluate the connection between variables a χ2 was conducted. Phi and Cramer’s V coefficient were stated to demonstrate the power of the relationships. Additionally, machine learning (the XGBoost regression model) was used to build a predictive model for depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: Of all respondents, 66% screened positive for PTSD symptoms, 45% – moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, 47% – moderate and severe depressive symptoms. Regarding sleep, alcohol use and eating behavior, 19% of surveyed students had signs of moderate and severe insomnia, 15% reported alcohol abuse and 31% disordered eating. The severity of the aforementioned disorders varied depending on gender, year of study, social status, etc. According to the predictive model, lower initial psychological well-being, female gender, younger age, first years of study and any traumatic experience, including multiple trauma, predicted increases in depression score. Return to home after relocation was a protective factor.

CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the high prevalence of mental health symptoms among university students in Ukraine during the first months of the full-scale war. The psychological well-being pre-war was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms in the model.

PMID:38852187 | DOI:10.12740/PP/177073

Psychiatr Pol. 2024 Feb 28;58(1):7-24. doi: 10.12740/PP/161864. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Anxiety disorders are significant predictors of suicidality and are proposed to be independent risk factors for suicide attempts. They are common in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are associated with longer duration of diabetes and poorer treatment outcomes. The aim was to examine associations between anxiety disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviour in people with T2DM, to establish the prevalence of suicidality among people with T2DM in the selected European countries and to examine whether anxiety disorders were predictive of current outcomes of suicidality in this population using data from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression study.

METHODS: The study sample comprised 1063 adults with T2DM from 6 European countries. The presence of anxiety disorders and suicidality was assessed with the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The group of participants with current suicidal risk was compared with the group of participants with no suicidal risk.

RESULTS: The participants from Germany were more likely to report suicidality than those from other countries, whereas people from Serbia and Ukraine were less likely to report it. Depression and anxiety disorders significantly contributed to the increased presence of suicidality among people with T2DM. Agoraphobia was a significant predictor of suicidality when controlling for depression. The participants with T2DM and comorbid agoraphobia had 4.86 times higher odds to report suicidality than those without agoraphobia.

CONCLUSIONS: Agoraphobia was a significant predictor of suicidality in people with T2DM.

PMID:38852182 | DOI:10.12740/PP/161864

Oral Dis. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/odi.15014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers’ matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with periodontitis.

METHODS: A total of 120 participants aged 25-55 were categorized into three groups: MetS with periodontitis (n = 40); systemically healthy with periodontitis (n = 40); and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (n = 40). Data collected included systemic parameters like waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Periodontal parameters estimated included bleeding on probing score (BoP), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the number of missing teeth. Unstimulated whole saliva was analyzed via ELISA for active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), total MMP-8 (tMMP-8), and MPO.

RESULTS: Participants with MetS and periodontitis exhibited significantly higher periodontal parameters, salivary aMMP-8, and MPO (26.26 vs. 24.1 ng/mL and 13.53 vs. 11.55 ng/mL compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients) (all p < 0.01). Positive correlations occurred between aMMP-8 and WC, TG, and FBS (p < 0.01), and between MPO and WC, BP, and TG (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The positive associations between these biomarkers and metabolic parameters indicate their potential utility for monitoring cardiovascular and glycemic risk in patients with periodontal disease.

PMID:38852177 | DOI:10.1111/odi.15014

Magn Reson Med. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1002/mrm.30184. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Multiparametric arterial spin labeling (MP-ASL) can quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial cerebral blood volume (CBV_a). However, its accuracy is compromised owing to its intrinsically low SNR, necessitating complex and time-consuming parameter estimation. Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer a solution to these limitations. Therefore, we aimed to develop simulation-based DNNs for MP-ASL and compared the performance of a supervised DNN (DNN_Sup), physics-informed unsupervised DNN (DNN_Uns), and the conventional lookup table method (LUT) using simulation and in vivo data.

METHODS: MP-ASL was performed twice during resting state and once during the breath-holding task. First, the accuracy and noise immunity were evaluated in the first resting state. Second, CBF and CBV_a values were statistically compared between the first resting state and the breath-holding task using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Cliff’s delta. Finally, reproducibility of the two resting states was assessed.

RESULTS: Simulation and first resting-state analyses demonstrated that DNN_Sup had higher accuracy, noise immunity, and a six-fold faster computation time than LUT. Furthermore, all methods detected task-induced CBF and CBV_a elevations, with the effect size being larger with the DNN_Sup (CBF, p = 0.055, Δ = 0.286; CBV_a, p = 0.008, Δ = 0.964) and DNN_Uns (CBF, p = 0.039, Δ = 0.286; CBV_a, p = 0.008, Δ = 1.000) than that with LUT (CBF, p = 0.109, Δ = 0.214; CBV_a, p = 0.008, Δ = 0.929). Moreover, all the methods exhibited comparable and satisfactory reproducibility.

CONCLUSION: DNN_Sup outperforms DNN_Uns and LUT with respect to estimation performance and computation time.

PMID:38852172 | DOI:10.1002/mrm.30184

Oral Dis. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/odi.15028. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is considered a clinically distinct entity from other oral leucoplakias (OLs) due to its clinical presentation and evolution. However, molecular differences between them remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether there are methylation differences between PVL and other forms of OLs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral biopsies from 12 patients with PVL, eight patients with homogeneous leucoplakia (HL), and 10 healthy individuals were obtained for a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis via the Infinium EPIC Platform.

RESULTS: A total of 1815 differentially methylated CpGs were found between PVL and HL, with a prominent state of hypermethylation in HL patients. CpGs covered 813 genes with distinct roles, including cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and cell and synaptic signaling. 43% of these genes had been previously described in cancer and associated with prognosis. We developed a multinomial logistic regression model able to differentiate HL, PVL, and control samples. The model had a cross-validated estimate of 73% and included differentially methylated cancer-related genes between the pathological conditions and the healthy donors, including ADNP, BRCA2, CDK13, GNB1, NIN, NUMB, PIK3C2B, PTK2, SHISA4, THSD7B, WWP1, and ZNF292. It also included CpGs covering differentially methylated genes in HL (MEN1 and TNRC6B) and PVL (ACOXL, ADH1B, CAMTA1, CBFA2T3, CPXM2, LRFN2, SORCS2, and SPN).

CONCLUSIONS: PVL and HL present differential methylation patterns that could be linked to their differential clinical behavior. Our findings show the potential of methylation markers and suggest novel diagnostic biomarkers.

PMID:38852153 | DOI:10.1111/odi.15028

Int J Dent Hyg. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/idh.12838. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air polishing with sodium bicarbonate and erythritol powders on surface roughness and morphological changes in titanium abutments.

METHODS: A total of 45 grade V titanium discs were divided in three groups: Group A (Control) air polished with air/water; Group B, air polished with sodium bicarbonate powder; and Group C, air polished with erythritol powder. After air polishing, the samples’ roughness (S_a) in micrometres were analysed with an optical profilometer. The samples’ surface morphology study was conducted via scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Data were described using mean and standard deviation of roughness values (S_a). Inferential analysis was performed using the ANOVA multiple comparison test followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Both tests used a 5% level of significance.

RESULTS: After air polishing, average roughness of group A, B and C were 0.036, 0.046 and 0.037 μm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups A and B (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between group A and group C, as well as between group B and C (p > 0.05). As for the morphology analysis, damages to the titanium surface were only observed in group B.

CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that air polishing with erythritol powder maintains titanium abutment integrity better than sodium bicarbonate, which increased surface roughness and caused damage. Erythritol is preferable for minimizing surface alterations and maintaining morphological stability.

PMID:38852151 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12838

Int J Dent Hyg. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/idh.12835. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The effects of air-polishing on exposed root dentin surfaces are largely unknown, as there are only few studies which show heterogeneous results. Thus, this study was to investigate roughness changes of exposed dentin surfaces after air-polishing and the influence of subsequent polishing with cup and paste.

METHODS: Totally 54 teeth with exposed root dentin surfaces were treated using a split-mouth design by either air-polishing with erythritol and a rubber cup with polishing paste on the test side, or rubber cup and paste alone. Teeth were finally cleaned using a sonic tooth brush. Impressions were taken at relevant time points and replicated using epoxy resin. The resulting casts were profilometrically analysed to obtain the average surface roughness (sR_a) and maximum peak-to-valley height (sR_z), which are given as the mean ± standard deviation in μm.

RESULTS: After air-polishing, in comparison to the baseline, there was a slight but significant increase in sR_a (0.168 ± 0.143, p < 0.001), but sR_z did not change (-0.471 ± 4.857, p = 0.936). Subsequent polishing with cup and paste and cleaning with a sonic toothbrush did not reduce the surface roughness (sonic toothbrush-air-polishing, sR_a -0.044 ± 0.081, p = 0.218; sR_z -0.551 ± 3.563, p = 0.903).

CONCLUSION: The use of erythritol led to a slight increase in the roughness of the dentin surface, which was not reduced by polishing with a cup and paste. Polishing paste did not seem to conceal surface irregularities.

PMID:38852146 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12835

Orv Hetil. 2024 Jun 9;165(23):900-907. doi: 10.1556/650.2024.33063. Print 2024 Jun 9.

ABSTRACT

Bevezetés: A prehospitális betegellátás minden színtere más és más megterhelést ró a dolgozók testi és lelki egészségére. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja volt összevetni a földi, a légi- és a vízimentők stresszterhelését és egyéb rizikófaktorait. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti vizsgálat történt a 2022. augusztus–októberi időszakban. Nem véletlenszerű, kényelmi mintaválasztást követően az adatgyűjtés önkéntes alapon, az Országos Mentőszolgálat Vas vármegyei mentőállomásain (n = 70), a Magyar Légimentő Nonprofit Kft. bázisain (n = 24) és a Vízimentők Magyarországi Szakszolgálatánál (n = 25) anonim, online kérdőív segítségével zajlott. A Rövid Stressz Kérdőív (Purebl és Rózsa, 2006) mellett szociodemográfiai mutatókra, munkavégzésre, káros szenvedélyekre, sportolásra és mentálhigiénés szokásokra kérdeztünk rá. Eredmények: A minta (n = 119) stresszterhelése alacsonynak volt mondható (átlag 9,79 ± 5,38), melyet nem befolyásolt a munkavégzés színtere (p = 0,064). A legjelentősebb stresszről a földi (10,17 ± 5,57 pont), míg a legcsekélyebbről a légimentők (9,08 ± 4,86 pont) számoltak be. A „nagy fokú” és az „igen jelentős” stresszkategóriába tartozott az Országos Mentőszolgálat dolgozóinak több mint 50%-a (p = 0,987). Nagyobb stresszterhelést mutattak a nők (p = 0,008), az egyedül élők (p = 0,006) és a gyermektelenek (p<0,001). Minél több esetet látott el egy műszak alatt (p = 0,008), minél megterhelőbbnek érezte a műszakokat (p<0,001), és minél kevésbé érezte magát szakmailag felkészültnek (p<0,001) egy válaszadó, annál nagyobb volt a stresszterhelése. Következtetés: A mentésben dolgozókat érő stressz mértékében és az előforduló rizikó-magatartások tekintetében nem volt ugyan számottevő különbség földön, vízen és/vagy levegőben, az eredmények rávilágítottak, hogy a munkaterhelés mértékét tekintve a földi mentésben tevékenykedők szoros nyomon követést igényelnek a stresszterhelés és a megküzdés szempontjából. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(23): 900–907.

PMID:38852145 | DOI:10.1556/650.2024.33063