Category: Nevin Manimala

Malays J Pathol. 2024 Dec;46(3):413-421.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer is one of the leading gynaecological malignancies in developed countries and becoming more prevalent in Malaysia. These have significant impact in women and management of this disease. If it occurs on young women, and as a whole becomes a burden on the national economy and world. This research aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological features of endometrial epithelial cancer among women treated in a University Hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endometrial cancer cases were retrieved from the Pathology Department’s Laboratory Information. The histopathology examination reports of the selected cases were reviewed, and the findings and diagnosis were recorded. The descriptive data was presented using pie charts, bar graphs, and tables.

RESULTS: Endometrial cancer recorded the highest in 2022 and less than 15 of endometrial cancer cases were recorded in other years. Women with endometrial cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 59 have the highest percentage (36.6%). It is the most prevalent high number (89%) among female Malay race people. Hypertension and diabetes were found in 52.5% and 37.8% of endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Endometrial cancer patients were also overweight or obese (68.2%). Endometrial cancers were of endometrioid subtypes with tumour grade 1 (71.6%) and early the stage 1 (57.6%). The myometrial invasion in 64.7% of endometrial cancer patients exhibited a superficial invasion depth of less than 50% (54.7%). Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 28.9% of diagnosed cases.

CONCLUSION: Despite belonging to the postmenopausal and overweight/obesity categories, Malay Kelantanese women diagnosed with endometrial cancer exhibited some favourable prognostic indicators.

PMID:39731490

Malays J Pathol. 2024 Dec;46(3):401-412.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To determine the epidemiology of blood culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS, >72 hours of age) in 44 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design: Multicentre retrospective observational study using data from the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry.

PARTICIPANTS: 739486 neonates (birthweight ≥500g, gestation ≥22 weeks) born and admitted in 2015-2020.

RESULTS: LOS developed in 2707 (0.4%) neonates. Median annual incidence (per 100 admissions) was 12.0 (range: 8.1-13.8) in extremely preterm (EPT, gestation <28 weeks), 5.3 (range: 5.0-6.8) in very preterm (VPT, gestation 28-<32 weeks), 0.5 (range: 0.4-0.7) in moderate/late preterm (gestation 32-<37 weeks) and 0.1 in term (gestation ≥37 weeks) neonates. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 54.7% of pathogens isolated, gram-positive bacteria 39.3%, and fungal and other pathogens 6.0%. The six most common pathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (18.3%), Klebsiella spp. (18.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.7%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%). LOS-attributable mortality was 14.3% in EPT, 9.3% in VPT, 8.3% in LPT and 6.2% in term neonates. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that EPT, small-for-gestation (SGA), conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), high frequency ventilation (HFV), TPN and use of central venous lines (CVL) were significant independent risk factors associated with LOS in neonates <32 weeks’ gestation. The significant independent risk factors associated with mortality in neonates with LOS were SGA, CMV, HFV, gram-negative sepsis, fungal sepsis, and pneumothorax.

CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens. Decreasing the usage of invasive ventilation, CVL and TPN may reduce the incidence and mortality of LOS, particularly in neonates <32 weeks gestation.

PMID:39731489

Psychol Health Med. 2024 Dec 28:1-21. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2447008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to determine whether the fear of missing out (FoMO) has a mediating role in the effect of general belongingness (acceptance, exclusion) and happiness on smartphone addiction. The study consists of 656 university students from Turkey and agreeing to participate in the study. Of the students participating in the study, 77.7% were female. The participants were between the ages of 17 and 34, with a mean age of 21.32 ± 2.08 years. In this cross-sectional research design, the relationship between smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, general belonging and happiness variables was examined. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data and partial least squares path analysis (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the research model. FoMO has a mediating effect on the effect of acceptance, exclusion, happiness on smartphone addiction. These findings highlight the significant role of FoMO in mediating the relationship between fundamental social needs (belongingness, happiness) and smartphone addiction. This suggests that interventions aimed at reducing smartphone addiction should consider addressing not only the technological dependence but also the underlying social and emotional needs that drive it. Promoting healthy social connections and fostering a sense of belonging among young adults may be crucial in mitigating the risk of smartphone addiction.

PMID:39731479 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2024.2447008

Psychol Health Med. 2024 Dec 28:1-20. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2440656. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This two-phase study aims to develop the Turkish version of the German Eating Behavior Scale (SEV-Tr), and to investigate the potential associations of health-conscious and weight-controlling eating behaviors with nutritional and health status. In the first phase, the original scale was adapted to the Turkish language and its validity and reliability were assessed in 299 healthy individuals aged 19-64 years. In the second phase, the SEV-Tr was retested in a study population of 110 healthy individuals, aged 19-64 years, and the potential associations between the SEV-Tr score, anthropometrical and biochemical measurements, and other eating behaviors assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-Tr21) were examined. Statistical analyses were performed using AMOS 20.00 and SPSS 22.0 software packages. A two-dimensional structure was identified for the SEV-Tr, and named ‘health-conscious eating behavior’ and ‘weight- controlling eating behavior’. In the second phase, participants were clustered based on their weight-controlling and health-conscious eating behaviors (F = 59.46, p = 0.01). Participants with lower health-conscious and weight-controlling eating behaviors had higher lean body mass (p = 0.03), serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), emotional eating behavior (p = 0.03), and lower cognitive restraint behavior (p = 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants with high levels of health-conscious eating behavior had higher serum HDL cholesterol (r = 0.23, p = 0.02). Regression models suggested that lower levels of emotional eating and higher levels of cognitive restraint were associated with increased weight-controlling and health-conscious eating behaviors. This study provided a valid and reliable version of the SEV to assess the health-conscious and weight-controlling eating patterns in people from Turkish culture.

PMID:39731477 | DOI:10.1080/13548506.2024.2440656

J Viral Hepat. 2025 Feb;32(2):e14049. doi: 10.1111/jvh.14049.

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of viral hepatitis among people in prisons is higher than in the general population. Screening, treatment and vaccination programmes exist within prisons to reduce the incidence of hepatitis, although lower uptake has often been reported compared to similar programmes outside of prisons. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence to explore the barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B and C reduction programmes in prisons from the perspectives of people in prison, custodial staff and prison healthcare staff. Comprehensive searches of five databases (to November 2023) yielded 28 studies for review inclusion. Four synthesised findings were identified: (i) accurate, up-to-date knowledge of viral hepatitis disease and treatment among people in prison and staff is a facilitator to programme uptake, particularly when imparted by a trusted source; (ii) personal subjective and relative views have a bearing on participation with the programme; (iii) social interactions and relationships both within the community of people in prison and between them and staff groups influence participation in the programmes; and (iv) the organisational structure of the prison and healthcare services within it affect programme participation. Based on these findings, we make recommendations for the adaptation of viral hepatitis programmes to individual custodial settings thereby improving equitable programme access and hepatitis B and C reduction in this complex environment.

PMID:39731473 | DOI:10.1111/jvh.14049

Nurs Open. 2025 Jan;12(1):e70136. doi: 10.1002/nop2.70136.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Health literacy is considered as key factor to empower women to participate in self-care and child-care activities. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between health-promoting behaviours and health literacy among pregnant women.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

METHODS: This study surveyed 308 pregnant women in 2022 using questionnaires, including the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) and the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data by IBM SPSS 23.0 statistics package program.

RESULTS: The mean scores for women’s health literacy and health-promoting behaviours were 70.31 ± 13.56 and 135.56 ± 17.38, respectively. The lowest score in the health literacy subscales was related to the appraisal (66.07 ± 17.81) and in the health-promoting lifestyle dimensions was associated with the physical activity dimension (13.87 ± 3.87). There was a significant and positive correlation between health literacy and health-promoting behaviours (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). Among the health literacy dimensions, decision-making showed the strongest correlation with health-promoting lifestyle (r = 0.55, p < 0.001).

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The results of this study demonstrated that pregnant women with higher health literacy scores exhibited a higher level of engagement in health-promoting behaviours. Assessing health-promoting behaviours in pregnant women by health providers during prenatal care helps identify dimensions receiving less attention during pregnancy, and solutions can be provided to women to address these issues.

PMID:39731456 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.70136

Biometrics. 2024 Oct 3;80(4):ujae155. doi: 10.1093/biomtc/ujae155.

ABSTRACT

Health care decisions are increasingly informed by clinical decision support algorithms, but these algorithms may perpetuate or increase racial and ethnic disparities in access to and quality of health care. Further complicating the problem, clinical data often have missing or poor quality racial and ethnic information, which can lead to misleading assessments of algorithmic bias. We present novel statistical methods that allow for the use of probabilities of racial/ethnic group membership in assessments of algorithm performance and quantify the statistical bias that results from error in these imputed group probabilities. We propose a sensitivity analysis approach to estimating the statistical bias that allows practitioners to assess disparities in algorithm performance under a range of assumed levels of group probability error. We also prove theoretical bounds on the statistical bias for a set of commonly used fairness metrics and describe real-world scenarios where our theoretical results are likely to apply. We present a case study using imputed race and ethnicity from the modified Bayesian Improved First and Surname Geocoding algorithm for estimation of disparities in a clinical decision support algorithm used to inform osteoporosis treatment. Our novel methods allow policymakers to understand the range of potential disparities under a given algorithm even when race and ethnicity information is missing and to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of machine learning for clinical decision support.

PMID:39731446 | DOI:10.1093/biomtc/ujae155

Pak J Biol Sci. 2024 Nov;27(12):602-612. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.602.612.

ABSTRACT

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Indonesia, where traditional herbal treatments like &lt;i&gt;Zanthoxylum acanthopodium&lt;/i&gt; (andaliman) are culturally used. Investigating protein biomarkers such as E7, pRb, EGFR and p16 can help assess the efficacy of these treatments. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; There were 5 groups in this study: 2 control groups (C- and C+) and 3 treatment groups (each receiving one of three doses). Oral administration of andaliman was performed for 30 days in cancer model rats, after which the cervix was dissected, cervical tissue was taken and immunohistochemistry repair was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a p<0.05. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; As &lt;i&gt;Zanthoxylum acanthopodium&lt;/i&gt; DC dose rose, cervical tissue E7, EGFR and p16 expression decreased. However, greater doses of this plant increased cervical tissue pRb protein. Cervical cancer histology exhibited increased nuclear size, irregular cellular structure, atypical cell shape, higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and various nuclear shape variants. This herb induced tissue to show well-organized non-hyperchromatic cells that resembled normal clusters. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Zanthoxylum acanthopodium&lt;/i&gt; DC improved cervical tissue and balanced cervical cancer biomarker proteins such E7, EGFR, pRB and p16.

PMID:39731430 | DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2024.602.612

Pak J Biol Sci. 2024 Nov;27(12):567-576. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.567.576.

ABSTRACT

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Todolo coffee (&lt;i&gt;Coffea arabica&lt;/i&gt; L. var. typica) is the oldest commercially grown coffee in the Toraja region of South Sulawesi and is currently at risk of extinction. This study aims to induce callus from leaf explants of Todolo arabica coffee and improve the levels of caffeine compounds in Todolo coffee with the additional precursor L-methionine as elicitor. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. This experimental study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) approach. The five stages involved callus induction, elicitation with L-methionine precursor, caffeine extraction, qualitative testing using the Parry Method and quantitative analysis via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Tools and materials were sterilized using autoclaving and media preparation followed standard procedures with varying L-methionine concentrations. Callus induction from sterilized leaf explants was done under aseptic conditions, followed by L-methionine treatment and caffeine content extraction. Caffeine was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 272 nm and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% significance level. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The friable callus structure has a shiny and wavy appearance and is more easily detached, which is highly correlated with the speed of callus growth. The callus on the treatment medium is slightly yellowish-white to somewhat brownish, indicating the production of secondary metabolites. The best concentration of L-methionine treatment was 25 mg/L with a percentage of caffeine content of 0.0078%. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Results concluded that the addition of L-methionine has a significant effect on the percentage of caffeine production.

PMID:39731426 | DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2024.567.576

Phytochem Anal. 2024 Dec 28. doi: 10.1002/pca.3496. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), also known as Chenpi in Chinese, is the dry mature peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivated varieties. CRP as the health-care food and dietary supplement has been widely used in various diseases. The quality of CRP can be affected by various factors, which are closely related to the metabolite composition of CRP.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis on the chemical profiling of 51 C. reticulata samples of eight medicinal varieties, grown in different areas, and provide a methodological reference for the study of pharmacodynamic material bases and quality control of C. reticulata.

METHODOLOGY: Initially, a comprehensive characterization was performed using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and a heatmap visualization was employed for clarifying the distribution of the annotated active ingredients. Furthermore, obtained chemical profiles data were employed in multivariate statistical methods, comprising principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA).

RESULTS: A total of 42 chemical components were annotated in positive ion mode. The relative contents were evident differences in the active ingredients of medicinal varieties of C. reticulata; mostly, polymethoxy flavones (PMFs) in C. reticulata “Dahongpao” were more abundant; among them, nobiletin and tangeretin are the main active ingredients in CRP. In addition, the relative contents of chemical constituents of C. reticulata “Dahongpao” and C. reticulata “Unshiu” from different areas were less variable. Compared with production origins, the varieties of C. reticulata had a greater impact on quality.

CONCLUSION: This work obtains a better understanding of the chemical profiles of medicinal varieties of C. reticulata, facilitated the reasonable applicability and quality control of medicinal varieties of C. reticulata.

PMID:39731403 | DOI:10.1002/pca.3496