Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Sep 29;57(8):410. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04667-2.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41021134 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04667-2
Category: Nevin Manimala
J Robot Surg. 2025 Sep 29;19(1):643. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02693-8.
ABSTRACT
To compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes between single-port (SP) and multi-port (MP) retroperitoneal robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in obese patients with renal tumors. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 2025. Eligible studies were those directly comparing SP-RAPN with MP-RAPN in obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Extracted data included operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, warm ischemia time, length of hospitalization, complication rates, and oncologic outcomes, which were synthesized using RevMan 5.4. Three retrospective studies involving 694 patients (252 SP, 442 MP) were included. SP-RAPN was associated with a shorter hospital stay (WMD = -0.29 days, P = 0.02) but a longer warm ischemia time (WMD = 5.23 min, P < 0.00001). No significant differences were observed in operative time, estimated blood loss, complication rate, or positive surgical margins. The SP group had higher tumor complexity based on R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores. SP-RAPN demonstrates comparable safety and oncologic outcomes to MP-RAPN in obese patients, with the added benefit of reduced hospital stay. However, increased ischemia time should be considered when selecting the surgical approach. High-quality prospective trials are needed to confirm these findings.
PMID:41021133 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-025-02693-8
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Sep 29;41(10):349. doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04573-7.
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the antifungal potential of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) wastewater against Verticillium dahliae and its effects on the growth of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The HTL process generates wastewater containing various antimicrobial compounds, which can offer a sustainable alternative for plant protection. In this research, the biological control agent Trichoderma virens and HTL wastewater were applied both individually and in combination to assess their impact on plant growth and pathogen suppression. The results demonstrated that specific HTL wastewater treatments significantly enhanced root and shoot growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content in pepper plants. Plant growth observed in pathogen-free conditions may be related to the stimulation of plant physiology by biologically active components contained in wastewater, indicating a biostimulatory effect. Notably, the 4th wastewater mixture (wm) exhibited the highest efficacy, promoting plant development and mitigating the negative effects of V. dahliae. The combination of T. virens and wastewater also showed synergistic effects, reducing disease severity by up to 64% and improving plant biomass and structural parameters. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatments, highlighting the potential of HTL wastewater as a natural and sustainable strategy for managing soil-borne pathogens. These findings suggest that integrating HTL wastewater with biocontrol agents could offer a promising approach to sustainable agriculture.
PMID:41021129 | DOI:10.1007/s11274-025-04573-7
Int Ophthalmol. 2025 Sep 29;45(1):397. doi: 10.1007/s10792-025-03748-3.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and phacoemulsification cataract surgery is the gold standard for cataract treatment. However, complications such as posterior capsule rupture (PCR) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) continue to affect success of the procedure. This study investigates effect of fluid flow posterior capsule polishing in reducing the incidence of PCR and PCO during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, with the goal of improving surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery.
METHODS: A total of 290 eyes from cataract patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the fluid flow polishing group (n = 144) and the mechanical polishing group (n = 146). The incidence of posterior capsule rupture and other postoperative outcomes were compared.
RESULTS: The posterior capsule rupture rate in the fluid flow polishing group was 0%, compared to 15.38% in the mechanical polishing group (p < 0.05). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 day and 1 month post-surgery was significantly higher in the fluid flow group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at 1 month was significantly lower in the fluid flow polishing group compared to the mechanical polishing group (p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, patients older than 60 years exhibited a statistically significant difference in posterior capsule rupture rates (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Fluid flow posterior capsule polishing significantly reduces the incidence of posterior capsule rupture in phacoemulsification cataract surgery, particularly in elderly patients, and contributes to better visual recovery postoperatively. This technique can be considered a safe and effective modification in cataract surgery to improve patient outcomes and reduce complications.
PMID:41021122 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-025-03748-3
Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Sep 29;29(1):163. doi: 10.1007/s10006-025-01464-x.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies demonstrate potential as supplementary tools in healthcare, particularly in surgery, where they assist with preoperative planning, intraoperative decisions, and postoperative monitoring. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, integrating AI poses unique opportunities and challenges due to its complex anatomical and functional demands.
OBJECTIVE: This study compares the performance of two AI language models, DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o, in addressing technical and patient-related inquiries in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
METHODS: A dataset of 120 questions, including 60 technical and 60 patient-related queries, was developed based on prior studies. These questions covered impacted teeth, dental implants, temporomandibular joint disorders, and orthognathic surgery. Responses from DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o were randomized and evaluated using the Modified Global Quality Scale (GQS). Statistical analysis was conducted using non-parametric tests, such as the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test, with a significance threshold of p = 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean GQS score for DeepSeek-R1 was 4.53 ± 0.95, compared to ChatGPT-4o’s mean score of 4.39 ± 1.14. DeepSeek-R1 achieved a mean GQS of 4.87 in patient-related inquiries, such as orthognathic surgery and dental implants, compared to 4.73 for ChatGPT-4o. In contrast, ChatGPT-4o received higher average scores in technical questions related to temporomandibular joint disorders. Across all 120 questions, the two models had no statistically significant difference in performance (p = 0.270). In comparisons with previous models, ScholarGPT demonstrated higher performance than the other models. While this performance difference was not statistically significant compared to DeepSeek-R1 (P = 0.121), it was statistically significantly higher compared to ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-3.5 (P = 0.027 and P < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o provide comparable performance in addressing patient and technical inquiries in oral and maxillofacial surgery, with small variations depending on the question category. Although statistical differences were not significant, incremental improvements in AI models’ response quality were observed. Future research should focus on enhancing their reliability and applicability in clinical settings.
PMID:41021121 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-025-01464-x
Clin Drug Investig. 2025 Sep 29. doi: 10.1007/s40261-025-01459-2. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the second most common valve disease in Europe with an increasing prevalence, causing a significant healthcare burden and impacting quality of life. Despite its clinical importance, real-world data on MR burden are limited.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate MR prevalence, describe patient profiles, and assess healthcare resource utilization and related costs, stratified by degenerative (DMR) and functional (FMR) aetiologies, using real-world data from Italy.
METHODS: A retrospective study using Italy’s Hospital Discharge Records was conducted including patients discharged in 2018 with a diagnosis of MR. The cohort was stratified into degenerative (DMR) and functional MR (FMR) based on comorbidities and clinical criteria. Patients were followed for 12 months to assess interventions received, including surgical (SMVr) and transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr), as well as length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and associated costs.
RESULTS: In 2018, 5816 patients who met the eligibility criteria were hospitalised with MR (83.6% DMR, 16.4% FMR). Among DMR patients, 44.2% underwent isolated valve repair (89.7% SMVr, 10.3% TMVr), while 29.1% of FMR patients received repair (59.6% SMVr, 40.4% TMVr). TMVr patients were older (DMR: 41.6%, FMR: 42.9% aged ≥75 years) and had more comorbidities. Untreated patients had higher 1-year in-hospital mortality (DMR: 4.7%, FMR: 8.5%) compared to treated groups and the highest reintervention rate at 1 year (DMR: 19.9%, FMR: 13.3%). Re-intervention rates were lower in DMR (SMVr: 0.4%, TMVr: 0%) versus FMR (SMVr: 0.6%, TMVr: 0.9%). The cost differences between interventions were negligible, primarily reflecting the different DRG tariffs applied for each intervention type.
CONCLUSIONS: Untreated MR is associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher long-term resource use. These findings support early intervention strategies and highlight the need to improve access to care, especially for high-risk populations. Further studies are warranted to explore outpatient care and address treatment disparities.
PMID:41021118 | DOI:10.1007/s40261-025-01459-2
Hernia. 2025 Sep 29;29(1):283. doi: 10.1007/s10029-025-03476-8.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: While off-midline hernias represent only a small percentage of abdominal wall defects, symptoms can be debilitating for the affected patients, and repair portends substantial operative challenges for the surgeon. There are no large-scale case series that describe outcomes with extraperitoneal repair using the robotic approach. The objective of this study was to describe our experience of patients undergoing robotic repair of off-midline hernias at a tertiary care medical center.
METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of patients who underwent elective robotic repair of off-midline hernias from June 2019 to October 2024. All adults (≥ 18 years old) diagnosed with a primary (no prior repair) or recurrent off-midline hernia were included. Patient demographics, preoperative clinical variables (smoking status, BMI, ASA score, co-morbidities, presence of pain, hernia type, history of prior hernia repair, type of prior flank operation, and dimensions of the hernia on CT scan), operative variables (perioperative regional pain blocks, operative approach, type and dimensions of mesh used), and postoperative outcomes (hospital length of stay (LOS), follow-up duration, hernia recurrences, and complications including wound occurrences and chronic pain defined as pain > 3 months postop) were abstracted from a prospectively maintained hernia database. Univariate analyses were used to measure and describe all covariates and outcomes.
RESULTS: There were 43 patients included in the study. Patients had an average age of 57.5 years and an average BMI of 32.8 kg/m2. 81% of the cohort identified as White race and 65% were female. 26% of the cohort had diabetes mellitus (average HbA1c 5.8), 7% had a smoking history, and 9% had COPD. Most hernias were incisional (51%) or traumatic (47%). Average hernia length and width were 8.0 ± 4.5 and 6.7 ± 2.7 cm. 98% had a clean wound classification. Fascial closure was performed in 86% of the cases and a mesh was placed in 98% of the cases. Average mesh length and width were 21.2 ± 5.9 and 21.1 ± 5.1 cm. There were 6 (14%) hybrid procedures, where the hernia was repaired via a combination of a robotic and open approach. Average hospital length of stay was 1.9 days and average follow up was 4.4 months. There were two (5%) recurrences. There were 15 (35%) postoperative complications. The most common complications were seroma (14%), hematoma (7%) and persistent pain > 3 months (5%). One patient (2%) developed an abscess, two patients (5%) had a nerve injury, and one patient (2%) had a postoperative small bowel obstruction.
CONCLUSION: Robotic off-midline hernia repair can be performed with minimal morbidity. Most common complication was postoperative seroma. Surgical outcomes were similar to existing literature on outcomes following open repair. Surgeons performing this repair should appropriately counsel their patients on the risks of pain and recurrence postoperatively.
PMID:41021101 | DOI:10.1007/s10029-025-03476-8
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2025 Oct;35(10):e70141. doi: 10.1111/sms.70141.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a short school-based personalized interval training program (METs-Up) using a smartphone application on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in French adolescents. Secondary objective was to assess the effects of the program on body mass index (BMI). A total of 9021 adolescents (4428 boys and 4593 girls, age range: 10-14 years) were randomized to the experimental group (EXP) (n = 5845) or the control group (CON) (n = 3176). The EXP performed a personalized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program ranging (95.5 to 102.5% dynamic maximal aerobic speed, MAS) integrated into physical education (PE) lessons over 6 weeks. HIIT consisted of approximately two 15-min sessions per week of high-intensity, intermittent-running exercises. The CON group followed conventional PE lessons. CRF (20-m Shuttle Run Test) and BMI were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, both groups showed significant improvements in CRF compared to baseline value (p < 0.05). The increase in the EXP group (13.7% in laps completed) was significantly higher than in the CON group (4.8%) (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant decrease in BMI was observed in the EXP (-0.8%), whereas no significant change was observed in the CON group. A short school-based personalized METs-Up HIIT program, utilizing an innovative smartphone application, significantly improved CRF in French adolescents, addressing the decline in CRF levels among youth.
PMID:41017018 | DOI:10.1111/sms.70141
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2025 Sep 28. doi: 10.1007/s10484-025-09738-6. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Social, emotional, and academic adjustments are critical for students’ personal and academic success. Difficulties in these domains can impede overall development, necessitating effective interventions to promote psychological well-being and adaptability. Neurofeedback and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) have shown promise in addressing these challenges. Neurofeedback facilitates self-regulation of brain activity to improve attention and emotional control, while MBCT integrates mindfulness practices with cognitive-behavioral strategies to alleviate anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback and MBCT in enhancing social, emotional, and academic adjustment among students. The statistical population comprised 910 pre-university students from Zhengzhou during the 2022-2023 academic year. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 students were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: 30 in the control group, 30 in the neurofeedback group (experimental group 1), and 30 in the MBCT group (experimental group 2). Data were collected using the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) and a standardized Mindfulness Protocol. Statistical analyses revealed that neurofeedback and MBCT significantly improved students’ emotional, social, and academic adjustments compared to the control group. However, no significant difference in effectiveness was observed between the two interventions. These findings suggest that neurofeedback and MBCT are equally effective in fostering students’ psychological resilience and adaptability, highlighting their potential as valuable tools for promoting well-being and academic success in educational contexts.
PMID:41017006 | DOI:10.1007/s10484-025-09738-6
Sports Med. 2025 Sep 28. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02327-x. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Head acceleration events (HAEs) are an increasing concern in rugby union due to their association with brain injury and long-term neurological health.
OBJECTIVES: This original research study aimed to establish essential baseline data on HAEs in under-21 professional rugby using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and to determine whether a higher competition level (professional club versus international) is associated with elevated magnitude and incidence rate of HAEs.
METHODS: A prospective observational cohort design was used with 32 under-21 club academy players and 38 under-20 international players. Players underwent 3D dental scans and were provided with custom-fit iMGs. The iMGs contained an accelerometer and gyroscope that sampled at 3200 Hz with measured ranges of ± 200 g and ± 35 rad/s. The iMGs recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak angular acceleration (PAA) and peak angular velocity (PAV). Data were collected from academy matches (254 player-matches; 241 h of exposure) and international matches (114 player-matches; 118.2 h of exposure). Descriptive statistics (median, interquartile range [IQR], 95th percentile and peak values) were calculated to characterise HAE magnitude across positions and competition levels. Negative binomial regressions assessed incidence rates across teams, positions and thresholds, adjusting for exposure time.
RESULTS: A total of 6508 HAEs were recorded across 368 player matches from club U21 and national U20 rugby players. Median and peak values for linear acceleration, angular acceleration and change in angular velocity were generally higher in club players, particularly in the front row and outside backs. Club outside backs demonstrated the highest PLA (72.8 g) and PAA (5740 rad/s2), while the club front row reached the highest PLA (81.8 g) and PAA (8034 rad/s2) overall. The national team back row reported the highest ΔPAV with 38.3 rad/s. Incidence rate analyses revealed significantly higher rates of severe HAEs (> 30 g, > 2000 rad/s2, > 15 rad/s) in club outside backs and the club front row compared with their national counterparts. Conversely, the club halves exhibited significantly lower rates of low-magnitude events across all metrics.
CONCLUSION: This study compared HAEs in U21 professional club and U20 international rugby players using iMGs. Contrary to expectations, international players did not consistently exhibit higher HAE magnitude or incidence. Notably, club outside backs and front row players experienced the highest severe HAE rates. These findings highlight the need to consider playing style, position-specific demands and technique in strategies to mitigate concussion risk in developing elite rugby players.
PMID:41016997 | DOI:10.1007/s40279-025-02327-x