Category: Nevin Manimala

J Agric Food Chem. 2024 May 8. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07071. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The appropriate use of human biomonitoring data to model population chemical exposures is challenging, especially for rapidly metabolized chemicals, such as agricultural chemicals. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a novel approach integrating model predicted dietary exposures and biomonitoring data to potentially inform regulatory risk assessments. We use lambda-cyhalothrin as a case study, and for the same representative U.S. population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an integrated exposure and pharmacokinetic model predicted exposures are calibrated to measurements of the urinary metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), using an approximate Bayesian computing (ABC) methodology. We demonstrate that the correlation between modeled urinary 3PBA and the NHANES 3PBA measurements more than doubled as ABC thresholding narrowed the acceptable tolerance range for predicted versus observed urinary measurements. The median predicted urinary concentrations were closer to the median measured value using ABC than using current regulatory Monte Carlo methods.

PMID:38718292 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07071

Int J Circumpolar Health. 2024 Dec;83(1):2341988. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2341988. Epub 2024 May 8.

ABSTRACT

Many people with diabetes mellitus experience minimal or no complications. Our objective was to determine the proportion of Alaska Native people who experienced four major complications or mortality and to identify factors that may be associated with these outcomes. We used records in a diabetes registry and clinical and demographic variables in our analyses. We used logistic regression and Cox Proportional Hazards models to evaluate associations of these parameters with death and complications that occurred prior to 2013. The study included 591 Alaska Native people with non-type 1 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed between 1986 and 1992. Over 60% of people in this study remained free of four major diabetes-related complications for the remainder of life or throughout the approximately 20-year study period. Lower BMI, higher age at diagnosis of diabetes, and use of at least one diabetes medication were associated with death and a composite of four complications. A majority of Alaska Native people with DM had none of four major complications over a 20-year period. Lower BMI and use of diabetes medications were associated with higher hazard for some deleterious outcomes. This suggests that goals in care of elders should be carefully individualised. In addition, we discuss several programme factors that we believe contributed to favourable outcomes.

PMID:38718274 | DOI:10.1080/22423982.2024.2341988

Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2024 May 8:1-19. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2353098. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This research aimed to overcome challenges posed by cefepime excessive elimination rate and poor patient compliance by developing transdermal delivery system using nano-transfersomes based chitosan gel.Methods: Rotary evaporation-sonication method and the Box-Behnken model were used to prepare cefepime loaded nano-transfersomes (CPE-NTFs). The physiochemical characterization of CPE-NTFs were analyzed including DLS, deformability index, DSC and antimicrobial study. Optimized CPE-NTFs loaded into chitosan gel and appropriately characterized. In vitro release, ex vivo and in vivo studies were performed.Results: The CPE-NTFs were physically stable with particle size 222.6 ± 1.8 nm, polydispersity index 0.163 ± 0.02, zeta potential -20.8 ± 0.1 mv, entrapment efficiency 81.4 ± 1.1% and deformability index 71 ± 0.2. DSC analysis confirmed successful drug loading and thermal stability. FTIR analysis showed no chemical interaction among the excipients of CPE-NTFs gel. The antibacterial activity demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefepime when incorporated into nano-transfersomes. CPE-NTFs based chitosan gel (CPE-NTFs gel) showed significant physicochemical properties. In vitro release studies exhibited sustained release behavior over 24 hours, and ex vivo studies indicated enhanced permeation and retention compared to conventional cefepime gel. In vivo skin irritation studies confirmed CPE-NTFs gel was non-irritating and biocompatible for transdermal delivery.Conclusion: This research showed nano-transfersomes-based chitosan gel is a promising approach for cefepime transdermal delivery and provides sustained release of cefepime.

PMID:38718267 | DOI:10.1080/03639045.2024.2353098

WMJ. 2024 May;123(2):99-105.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: More young adults (age 18-24 years) in rural areas versus urban areas use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) – also known as e-cigarettes. Little is known about young adults’ perceptions toward ENDS use and cessation. The objective of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators to ENDS use cessation among young adults living in rural areas, as well as their perceptions about ENDS use and cessation and to determine implications for future cessation studies.

METHODS: We administered cross-sectional online surveys to young adults living in rural Midwestern counties. A total of 100 individuals responded to the surveys. Descriptive statistics were used to report their perceptions of ENDS use as well as barriers and facilitators to ENDS use cessation. The content analysis method was used to analyze the answers to an open-ended question regarding perceptions about the ENDS use cessation in the context of rural areas.

RESULTS: Barriers to ENDS use cessation included perceived advantages to ENDS use, high nicotine dependence, and the perception that ENDS use was less harmful cigarettes. Facilitators to ENDS use cessation included cost of ENDS use, perceived harm, and high confidence in ability to quit. Participants’ perceptions about ENDS use cessation in the context of rural areas were conceptualized under the themes of (1) exposure to and initiation of ENDS use, (2) continuation of ENDS use, and (3) prevention and cessation of ENDS use.

CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers, tobacco control researchers, and public health advocates should be aware of barriers and facilitators to ENDS use cessation among young adults for future cessation intervention studies relevant specifically to rural areas.

PMID:38718237

Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_353_22. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Highly heterogeneous triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has tough clinical features, which were gradually solving and improving in diagnosis by the molecular subtyping of TNBC.

AIM: Presently, this study was focused on analyzing the genetic makeup of TNBC subtypes.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study explored the MicroArray expression profiling of differentially expressed genes in molecular subtypes BL1, BL2, IM, luminal androgen receptor, M, and mesenchymal stem-like of TNBC by analyzing the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE167213. Various gene ontologies-based protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were subtyped TNBC genes. The effect of genetic alteration on TNBC cases was also interpreted.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MicroArray gene expression profiling was done through R programming and subjected to functional annotation through the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery. The PPI networking of functionally associated genes was interpreted by STRING. The survival analysis was done through cBioPortal.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The t-test was used through R programming to generate the P values for a test of the significance of expressed genes.

RESULTS: A total of 54,613 significant probes were analyzed in the TNBC MicroArray dataset. The functional PPI networks of BL1, BL2, and IM upregulated genes showed significant associations. The survival analysis of differentially expressed genes showed the significant prognostic effect of 32 upregulated genes of different subtypes on TNBC cases with genetic alterations, whereas the remaining genes showed no significant effects.

CONCLUSION: The output of the present study provided significant target gene panels for different TNBC subtypes, which would add an informative genetic value to TNBC diagnosis.

PMID:38718221 | DOI:10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_353_22

Pain. 2024 May 7. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003214. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows for the collection of participant-reported outcomes (PROs), including pain, in the normal environment at high resolution and with reduced recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment is an important component in studies of pain, providing detailed information about the frequency, intensity, and degree of interference of individuals’ pain. However, there is no universally agreed on standard for summarizing pain measures from repeated PRO assessment using EMA into a single, clinically meaningful measure of pain. Here, we quantify the accuracy of summaries (eg, mean and median) of pain outcomes obtained from EMA and the effect of thresholding these summaries to obtain binary clinical end points of chronic pain status (yes/no). Data applications and simulations indicate that binarizing empirical estimators (eg, sample mean, random intercept linear mixed model) can perform well. However, linear mixed-effect modeling estimators that account for the nonlinear relationship between average and variability of pain scores perform better for quantifying the true average pain and reduce estimation error by up to 50%, with larger improvements for individuals with more variable pain scores. We also show that binarizing pain scores (eg, <3 and ≥3) can lead to a substantial loss of statistical power (40%-50%). Thus, when examining pain outcomes using EMA, the use of linear mixed models using the entire scale (0-10) is superior to splitting the outcomes into 2 groups (<3 and ≥3) providing greater statistical power and sensitivity.

PMID:38718196 | DOI:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003214

JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2024 May 8:pkae036. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkae036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Type II diabetes is associated with cancer risk in the general population but has not been well-studied as a risk factor for subsequent malignancies among cancer survivors. We investigated the association between diabetes and subsequent cancer risk among older (66-84 years), one-year breast cancer survivors within the linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database using Cox regression analyses to quantify hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among 133,324 women, 29.3% were diagnosed with diabetes prior- or concurrent to their breast cancer diagnosis, and 10,452 women developed subsequent malignancies over a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Diabetes was statistically significantly associated with liver (HR = 2.35, 95%CI=1.48-3.74), brain (HR = 1.94, 95%CI=1.26-2.96), and thyroid cancer risks (HR = 1.38, 95%CI=1.01-1.89). Future studies are needed to better understand the spectrum of subsequent cancers associated with diabetes and the role of diabetes medications in modifying subsequent cancer risk, alone or in combination with cancer treatments.

PMID:38718185 | DOI:10.1093/jncics/pkae036

Neuroradiol J. 2024 May 8:19714009241252623. doi: 10.1177/19714009241252623. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In the current paper, the “carotid artery calcium score” method is presented with the target to offer a metric method to quantify the amount of calcification in the carotid artery.

MODEL AND DEFINITION: The Volume of Interest (VOI) should be extracted and those voxels, with a Hounsfield Unit (HU) value ≥130, should be considered. The total weight value is determined by calculating the sum of the HU attenuation values of all voxels with values ≥130 HU. This value should be multiplied by the conversion factor (“or voxel size”) and divided by a weighting factor, the attenuation threshold to consider a voxel as calcified (and therefore 130 HU): this equation determines the Carotid Artery Calcium Score (CACS).

RESULTS: In order to provide the demonstration of the potential feasibility of the model, the CACS was calculated in 131 subjects (94 males; mean age 72.7 years) for 235 carotid arteries (in 27 subjects, unilateral plaque was present) considered. The CACS value ranged from 0.67 to 11716. A statistically significant correlation was found (rho value = 0.663, p value = .0001) between the CACS in the right and left carotid plaques. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation between the age and the total CACS was present (rho value = 0.244, p value = .005), whereas no statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of CACS by gender (p = .148). The CACS was also tested at baseline and after contrast and no statistically significant difference was found.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this method is of easy application, and it weights at the same time the volume and the degree of calcification in a unique parameter. This method needs to be tested to verify its potential utility, similar to the coronary artery calcium score, for the risk stratification of the occurrence of cerebrovascular events of the anterior circulation. Further studies using this new diagnostic tool to determine the prognostic value of carotid calcium quantification are needed.

PMID:38718167 | DOI:10.1177/19714009241252623

PLoS One. 2024 May 8;19(5):e0301468. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301468. eCollection 2024.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aphasia is one of the most common complications of stroke. Mirror therapy (MT) is promising rehabilitation measure for the treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Although some studies suggested that MT is effective and safe for aphasia, the effects and safety remain uncertain due to lacking strong evidence, such as the relevant systematic review and meta- analysis.

METHODS: This study will search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), WANFANG, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), from inception to 1th May 2023 to identify any eligible study. No language or date of publication shall be limited. We will only include randomised controlled trials of MT in the Treatment of poststroke aphasia. Two investigators will work separately on the study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment. The western aphasia battery (WAB) and aphasia quotient (AQ) will be included as the main outcomes. Boston diagnostic aphasia examination method (BDAE), Chinese standard aphasia examination (CRRCAE) will be included as the secondary outcomes. The statistical analysis will be conducted by RevMan V.5.4 software. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed by the Cochrane ‘Risk of bias’ tool. The quality of proof of the results will be evaluated by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines.

RESULTS: The finding will be presented in a journal or related conferences.

CONCLUSION: This study will provide a basis for whether mirror therapy (MT) is effective and safe in the treatment of post-stroke aphasia.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Systematic review registration INPLASY registration number: INPLASY 202340054.

PMID:38718090 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0301468

J Periodontal Res. 2024 May 8. doi: 10.1111/jre.13269. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The microbial profiles of peri-implantitis and periodontitis (PT) are inconclusive. The controversies mainly arise from the differences in sampling sites, targeted gene fragment, and microbiome analysis techniques. The objective of this study was to explore the microbiomes of peri-implantitis (PI), control implants (CI), PT and control teeth (CT), and the microbial change of PI after nonsurgical treatment (PIAT).

METHODS: Twenty-two patients diagnosed with both PT and peri-implantitis were recruited. Clinical periodontal parameters and radiographic bone levels were recorded. In each patient, the subgingival and submucosal plaque samples were collected from sites with PI, CI, PT, CT, and PIAT. Microbiome diversity was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing using full-length of 16S rRNA gene by next generation sequencing.

RESULTS: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed 512 OTUs in oral microbiome and 377 OTUs reached strain levels. The PI and PT groups possessed their own unique core microbiome. Treponema denticola was predominant in PI with probing depth of 8-10 mm. Interestingly, Thermovirga lienii DSM 17291 and Dialister invisus DSM 15470 were found to associate with PI. Nonsurgical treatment for peri-implantitis did not significantly alter the microbiome, except Rothia aeria.

CONCLUSION: Our study suggests Treponemas species may play a pivotal role in peri-implantitis. Nonsurgical treatment did not exert a major influence on the peri-implantitis microbiome in short-term follow-up. PT and peri-implantitis possess the unique microbiome profiles, and different therapeutic strategies may be suggested in the future.

PMID:38718089 | DOI:10.1111/jre.13269