Category: Nevin Manimala

Psychol Med. 2025 Nov 18;55:e351. doi: 10.1017/S0033291725102626.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sexual minorities have continuously been found to experience poorer mental health compared to the general population, despite promising changes in attitudes and legislation throughout the 21st century in many Western countries. The present study is one of the first to assess group-level changes over time in mental health among sexual minorities compared to their heterosexual counterparts.

METHODS: We used four waves of a Finnish population-based survey spanning 16 years (2006-2022) to compare heterosexual and sexual minority adults on depression and anxiety symptoms, alcohol use, and sexual distress.

RESULTS: Sexual minority individuals reported more depression and anxiety symptoms, sexual distress, and alcohol use relative to their heterosexual counterparts at all time points. There were no group differences in the direction or rate of change in group means from 2006 to 2022. Depression and anxiety symptoms showed equally large increases, and alcohol use showed equally large decreases among both heterosexual and sexual minority participants.

CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our expectations based on minority stress theory, differences in mental health between sexual minority and heterosexual individuals persist despite changes in the sociolegal status of sexual minorities during the first two decades of the 21st century. Our findings align with the increasing general trend in anxiety and depression symptoms, which seems to affect the whole population regardless of sexual orientation. We conclude that the effect of legislative societal improvements seems to be small, and the mental health gap between sexual minority and heterosexual adults is likely maintained by factors not included in our study.

PMID:41250914 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291725102626

Psychol Med. 2025 Nov 18;55:e350. doi: 10.1017/S0033291725102559.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the causal contributions of specific mitochondrial genes across regulatory layers remain unclear.

METHODS: We integrated genome-wide association study summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and FinnGen with quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) datasets for DNA methylation, gene expression (eQTL), and protein abundance. Mitochondrial genes were annotated using the MitoCarta3.0 database. Summary-based Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization were applied to assess causal relationships, with colocalization determined by the posterior probability of a shared causal variant (PPH4), and the false discovery rate used for multiple-testing correction. Brain-specific effects were evaluated using Genotype-Tissue Expression eQTL data. Prioritized genes were ranked based on cross-omics consistency and replication evidence.

RESULTS: Five mitochondrial genes were prioritized. TDRKH showed consistent associations across methylation, transcription, and protein levels, with hypermethylation at cg24503712 linked to reduced expression and a lower risk of MDD (Tier 1). METAP1D (Tier 2) demonstrated protective effects at both the transcript and protein levels. LONP1, FIS1, and SCP2 (Tier 3) exhibited consistent but complex regulatory patterns. Several signals were replicated in brain tissues, including TDRKH in the caudate and METAP1D in the cortex.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides multi-omics evidence for the causal involvement of mitochondrial genes in MDD. TDRKH and METAP1D emerged as key candidates, offering promising targets for future mechanistic research and therapeutic development.

PMID:41250910 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291725102559

Ann Occup Environ Med. 2025 Nov;37:e33. doi: 10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e33. Epub 2025 Sep 8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The impact of global integration has led to an increase in non-standard work patterns, threatening workers’ health. Psychological health problems, such as anxiety and fatigue, negatively affect workers’ health and safety. Sudden work recall, a situation where workers are asked to return to work under unpredictable circumstances, is associated with uncertainty. Research on the relationship between sudden work recall and anxiety and fatigue is limited, and this study aims to investigate this relationship among Korean workers.

METHODS: The study used data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. To analyze the pure effects of sudden work recall, the final sample was limited to 15,702 non-shift workers with a ‘good’ subjective health status. The presence of sudden work recall was categorized into three frequency groups: “several times a month,” “rarely,” and “never.” Anxiety and fatigue were each categorized into “yes” or “no” responses. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic and occupational characteristics, the odds ratio (OR) for anxiety in the ‘several times a month’ group was 4.066 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.787-5.931), indicating a significantly higher risk. Conversely, the OR for the ‘rarely’ group was 1.363 (95% CI: 0.921-2.017), which was not statistically significant. A similar pattern was observed for fatigue: the ‘several times a month’ group had a significantly higher risk (OR: 1.875; 95% CI: 1.490-2.359), but the ‘rarely’ group (OR: 0.955; 95% CI: 0.750-1.215) did not.

CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between sudden work recall and psychological health may not be a simple linear one. The results suggest that only a high frequency of sudden work recall is associated with an increased risk of anxiety and fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to establish appropriate measures and to conduct additional research in this area.

PMID:41250909 | DOI:10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e33

J Perioper Pract. 2025 Nov 18:17504589251388001. doi: 10.1177/17504589251388001. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine the level of acceptance of illness and its relationship with spirituality and religious coping in oncological surgery patients. The study was conducted with 95 patients who underwent oncological surgery in the general surgery clinic of a hospital. The study data were collected using the Acceptance of Illness Scale, Religious Coping Scale, Spirituality Scale, and Patient Identification Form. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25 (SPSS) software package. Patients were observed to accept the illness at a moderate level. Levels of acceptance of illness varied according to duration of illness, duration of treatment, and perception of illness. Patients had high spiritual wellbeing and positive religious coping strategies. Nevertheless, acceptance of illness was not found to be correlated with spirituality and religious coping. Perioperative care practitioners and specialists play an important role in supporting patients’ psychosocial and spiritual needs. Integrating spiritual assessment into perioperative care can improve disease adaptation and surgical outcomes.

PMID:41250891 | DOI:10.1177/17504589251388001

Sci Med Footb. 2025 Nov 18:1-9. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2025.2589800. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between playing time and well-being in Danish under-17 elite level football players.

METHODS: Throughout the 2021/22 competitive playing season, the World Health Organization-5 index (WHO-5) was administered bi-weekly to assess well-being. Playing time was separately collected from an official database.

STATISTICS: A cross-lagged panel model with a multi-level set-up was applied.

RESULTS: Average response rate was 67 ± 14% (mean±SD) with a significant variation observed throughout the investigation period. Average prevalence of well-being levels below the WHO-5 cut-off values for depression and anxiety (≤13 points, with ≤7 indicating severe symptoms) was 10 ± 12%. At least once during the season, 55.4% of all players had well-being levels indicating potential mental health concerns. Also, temporal patterns in well-being were observed, with more players having levels closer to the cut-off value during pre-season than towards the end of the season. Cross-lagged effects were found between measures of playing time and well-being on the day after a match (MD + 1). This indicates a relationship between match involvement and psychological well-being.

SUMMARY AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Playing time seems to be associated with well-being in male youth elite football players. Frequent well-being monitoring and thoughtful playing time management in youth academy football may provide individualized player support throughout the playing season and proactively safeguard mental health.

PMID:41250867 | DOI:10.1080/24733938.2025.2589800

Int J Eat Disord. 2025 Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/eat.24600. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Regular eating has never been rigorously evaluated as a standalone intervention for restriction. In this preliminary investigation, we evaluate changes in restriction observed during a focused regular eating module (NOURISH: Nutrition, Organization, and Understanding Restriction: Intervention for Sustainable Habits) in the context of evidence-based, personalized, modular eating disorder treatment.

METHOD: We analyzed pooled data from two eating disorder treatment trials ranging from 13 to 20 weeks in duration. Using ecological momentary assessment data collected throughout the entire modular treatment, we evaluated within-group changes in restriction and restraint from the beginning to the end of the 3-4 session regular eating (i.e., NOURISH) module. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals, as well as Cohen’s d, were calculated for paired-sample t-tests.

RESULTS: Our complete sample included seven participants. Because our sample size was small, our interpretation focuses on effect sizes rather than statistical significance. Results suggested non-significant, yet moderate-sized reductions in both restriction (d = 0.72) and restraint (d = 0.76) during the NOURISH module, with the 95% confidence intervals for these effects including zero.

DISCUSSION: Although continued research in larger samples is warranted, our preliminary findings indicate that NOURISH holds promise as an evidence-based module to address restriction and restraint in the context of personalized eating disorder treatment.

PMID:41250820 | DOI:10.1002/eat.24600

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40173. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23976-y.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to introduce several novel indices to evaluate the apical morphological and dynamical features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) and hypertensive patients using echocardiography. A total of 125 selected subjects underwent echocardiography imaging, 35 patients with AHCM, 45 patients with essential hypertension and 45 healthy controls. The apical morphological and dynamic features included apical-basal wall thickness ratio (ABR, maximal apical wall thickness / posterior basal wall thickness), apical angle (apA), peak blood flow velocity at the apical cavity (V_ap) and its ratio to the velocity at left ventricular outflow tract (V_ap/ V_lvot), and, relative apical longitudinal strain [RALS, RALS = apical longitudinal strain (LS_apical)/ sum of basal and mid LS (LS_basal +LS_middle)]. Patients with hypertension had lower apA, higher Vap compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). However, ABR, V_ap/ V_lvot, RALS between the 2 groups showed no statistically difference. Compared to healthy controls and hypertensives, AHCM had significantly higher ABR, V_ap/ V_lvot, and lower apA, RALS (p < 0.001 for all). The echocardiographic parameters (ABR, apA, Vap/Vlvot, and RALS) demonstrate promising performance in characterizing apical morphology and dynamics between hypertensive patients and those with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, suggesting potential value for future investigations exploring diagnostic applications. Echocardiography is a valuable and promising tool to assess the apical morphology and dynamics.

PMID:41249817 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23976-y

Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02325-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Human languages show astonishing variety, yet their diversity is constrained by recurring patterns. Linguists have long argued over the extent and causes of these grammatical ‘universals’. Using Grambank-a comprehensive database of grammatical features across the world’s languages-we tested 191 proposed universals with Bayesian analyses that account for both genealogical descent and geographical proximity. We find statistical support for about a third of the proposed linguistic universals. The majority of these concern word order and hierarchical universals: two types that have featured prominently in earlier work. Evolutionary analyses show that languages tend to change in ways that converge on these preferred patterns. This suggests that, despite the vast design space of possible grammars, languages do not evolve entirely at random. Shared cognitive and communicative pressures repeatedly push languages towards similar solutions.

PMID:41249815 | DOI:10.1038/s41562-025-02325-z

Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02348-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Computational modelling is a powerful tool for uncovering hidden processes in observed data, yet it faces underappreciated challenges. Among these, determining appropriate sample sizes for computational studies remains a critical but overlooked issue, particularly for model selection analyses. Here we introduce a power analysis framework for Bayesian model selection, a method widely used to choose the best model among alternatives. Our framework reveals that while power increases with sample size, it decreases as more models are considered. Using this framework, we empirically demonstrate that psychology and human neuroscience studies often suffer from low statistical power in model selection. A total of 41 of 52 studies reviewed had less than 80% probability of correctly identifying the true model. The field also heavily relies on fixed effects model selection, which we demonstrate has serious statistical issues, including high false positive rates and pronounced sensitivity to outliers.

PMID:41249814 | DOI:10.1038/s41562-025-02348-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40321. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24166-6.

ABSTRACT

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare genitourinary tumor associated with notable psychosexual distress and poor prognosis. Traditional prognostic factors for pSCC include TNM stage and histological grade, with lymph node metastases being a critical indicator of poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the following immunohistochemistry markers routinely used in histopathology practice: GATA3, IMP3, HIF-1-α, CK7, CA-IX, HER2, and TTF-1. A retrospective cohort of 145 patients with pSCC was analyzed using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical techniques. Overall survival (OS) was correlated statistically with detected marker expression. Key findings include that low GATA3 expression is associated with significantly worse OS in univariate Cox regression truncated at 3 years of follow-up. Low GATA3 retained prognostic impact when adjusted for major clinicopathological variables: Age, pT and pN stage, grade, lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasion, lymphocytic infiltrate, and expression of p16, p53, and PD-L1. Low GATA3 expression was associated with shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS) at 10 years follow-up. IMP3, CK7, and CA-IX showed statistically insignificant trends towards poorer prognosis. CK7 and CA-IX were more frequently expressed in high grade pSCC and in p16/HPV-positive tumors. IMP3 and CA-IX were associated with regional lymph node metastases. All cases were negative in TTF-1 and HER2. This study suggests GATA3 as a potential prognostic marker in pSCC.

PMID:41249810 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-24166-6