Category: Nevin Manimala

Eur Endod J. 2025 Sep;10(5):411-419. doi: 10.14744/eej.2025.43760.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments have revolutionized endodontic practice through continuous advancements in metallurgy and design. Despite these improvements, mechanical failure remains a clinical concern. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the design features, metallurgical properties, and buckling resistance of five widely used NiTi rotary endodontic systems.

METHODS: A total of 250 new NiTi rotary instruments from five systems (ProTaper Next, Mtwo, ProFile, EndoSequence, and GT Series X) were analyzed. Design features were assessed using dental microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Metallurgical properties were evaluated through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Buckling resistance was measured using a universal testing machine equipped with a 1 kN load cell, applying a compressive load at 1 mm/min until 1 mm of lateral displacement was achieved. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess normality, followed by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare groups. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted.

RESULTS: ProFile instruments exhibited the highest number of spirals (19) and spiral density (1.19 spirals/mm), while GT Series X featured the shortest cutting blade length (≤12 mm). All systems demonstrated near-equiatomic nickel-titanium ratios. ProTaper Next and GT Series X showed higher R-phase and austenitic transformation temperatures. Buckling resistance was significantly greater in the ProFile (0.04 and 0.06 taper) and EndoSequence 35/.06 and 40/.06 instruments (p<0.05). In contrast, EndoSequence 0.04 files, Mtwo, and ProTaper Next exhibited lower resistance.

CONCLUSION: Design features, taper, and metallurgical composition significantly influence the buckling resistance of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments.

PMID:40995717 | DOI:10.14744/eej.2025.43760

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2025 Oct;113(10):e35659. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.35659.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effects of boron nanoparticles (BNPs) on the mechanical properties of two silicone elastomers, A-2000 and A-2006. Tensile, tear, hardness, and elongation tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM and ISO standards. A total of 180 specimens were prepared, comprising control groups without BNPs and experimental groups containing 1 and 3 wt% BNPs. Tensile and tear strength tests were performed using a device with a 1 kN capacity at a crosshead speed of 100 mm/min; hardness was measured using Shore A tests, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was employed to assess surface roughness. Tensile testing revealed that the A-2000 control group exhibited the highest tensile strength, with significant reductions observed in both BNP-incorporated subgroups. In A-2006, tensile strength decreased significantly with 1 wt% BNPs but partially recovered at 3 wt%. Tear strength in A-2000 significantly decreased at 1 wt% but returned to control levels at 3 wt%, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed among the A-2006 subgroups. Hardness significantly increased with 3 wt% BNPs in A-2000 and with both 1 and 3 wt% BNPs in A-2006. Regarding elongation, A-2000 showed no significant change compared with the control, although the 1 and 3 wt% groups differed significantly from each other. In A-2006, both 1 and 3 wt% BNP groups showed significant reductions in elongation compared with the control. Overall, A-2000 exhibited superior tensile and tear strength, while A-2006 demonstrated greater elongation capacity. These findings indicate that BNP incorporation depends on both the elastomer type and concentration, with potential trade-offs between improved hardness and decreased flexibility. Both A-2000 and A-2006 remain viable options for maxillofacial prostheses, although optimization of BNP concentration is essential to balance strength, durability, and flexibility.

PMID:40995686 | DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.35659

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Sep 25:e11667. doi: 10.1002/advs.202511667. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aqueous solubility is a crucial property for drug development, as it not only influences the drug delivery process but also determines the bioavailability of drugs. However, solubility prediction remains a formidable challenge, even after decades of research. Most previously-reported machine learning (ML) models generalize poorly on external sets due to the vast chemical space of drug compounds. In this report, the largest aqueous solubility dataset of drug and drug-like molecules so far is compiled, based on which reliable models for drug solubility prediction are developed by comparative modelling with assorted regression and classification algorithms. Under current circumstances, even advanced deep learning models are found less accurate than the stacking of multiple statistical ML algorithms due to data limitation. Analysis of applicability domain further verifies the generalization capability of the models for the drug domain, based on which the entries without experimental solubility in the DrugBank database are populated and categorized. Finally, the solubility of ten potential drug molecules is experimentally determined for the first time, again revealing the high reliability of our models. Hence, this work is believed to provides a comprehensive benchmark for future solubility prediction models and a powerful tool to guide new drug discovery.

PMID:40995668 | DOI:10.1002/advs.202511667

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2025 Sep 12;59(5):265-267. doi: 10.5152/j.aott.2025.25441.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of patients who underwent simultaneous arthroscopic capsular release for adhesive capsulitis and rotator cu! repair. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated between 2014 and 2023 who underwent arthroscopic global capsular release combined with rotator cu! repair. Preoperative and postoperative outcomes, including range of motion (ROM), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and Constant scores, were assessed with a minimum follow-up of six months. Results: Among 69 patients undergoing capsular release, 29 patients (20 females, 9 males; mean age: 56 years) received concurrent rotator cu! repair. The mean follow-up period was 14 months. Most tears involved the supraspinatus (25 full-thickness, 4 partial bursal-side). Complications were minimal, with only two diabetic patients displaying persistent ROM limitations and there were no re-tear in followup period. Statistically significant di!erences seen in ROM, VAS and Constant scores, VAS decreased from 7.1 to 1.2, Constant score improved from 37.5 to 72.3 (P < .05). Conclusion: Simultaneous arthroscopic management of adhesive capsulitis and rotator cu! tears provides favorable clinical and functional outcomes with lower complication rates compared to current literature, supporting its value as an e!ective treatment option. However, the limited sample size and relatively short follow-up should be considered when interpreting these results. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic study.

PMID:40995665 | DOI:10.5152/j.aott.2025.25441

Psychol Med. 2025 Sep 25;55:e279. doi: 10.1017/S0033291725100718.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the shared genetic architecture underlying the phenotypic associations between depression and preterm birth (PTB). We aim to investigate the genetic overlap and causality of depression with PTB.

METHODS: Leveraging summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies for broad depression (N_total = 807,533), major depression (N_total = 173,005), bipolar disorder (N_total = 414,466), and PTB (N_total = 226,330), we conducted a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis to assess global and local genetic correlations, identify pleiotropic loci, and infer potential causal relationships.

RESULTS: Positive genetic correlations were observed between PTB and broad depression (r_g = 0.242), major depression (r_g = 0.236), and bipolar disorder (r_g = 0.133) using the linkage disequilibrium score regression, which were further verified by the genetic covariance analyzer. Local genetic correlation was identified at chromosome 11q22.3 (harbors NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2) for PTB with depression. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified two loci shared between PTB and broad depression, two loci shared with major depression, and five loci shared with bipolar disorder, among which three were novel (rs7813444, rs3132948 and rs9273363). Mendelian randomization demonstrated a significantly increased risk of PTB for genetic liability to broad depression (odds ratio [OR]=1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.52) and major depression (OR=1.27; 95%CI: 1.08-1.49), and the estimates remained significant across the sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate an intrinsic link underlying depression and PTB and shed novel light on the biological mechanisms, highlighting an important role of early screening and effective intervention of depression in PTB prevention, and may provide novel treatment strategies for both diseases.

PMID:40995647 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291725100718

Public Health Nutr. 2025 Sep 25:1-29. doi: 10.1017/S1368980025101183. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although guidelines recommend targeted vitamin D testing for high-risk populations, testing has increased globally. Limited studies have examined real-world testing patterns and their relationship with deficiency outcomes. This study investigates trends, demographic determinants, and deficiency outcomes associated with voluntary vitamin D testing among Taiwanese adults.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study analyzing electronic medical records to assess vitamin D testing trends, demographic predictors of deficiency, and status changes following consecutive tests within two years. Vitamin D status was classified based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL).

SETTING: A tertiary medical center in Taiwan.

PARTICIPANTS: Between 2013 and 2022, 13,381 outpatients underwent voluntary vitamin D testing. After excluding those aged <18 years, with advanced renal disease, osteomalacia, rickets, or hyperparathyroidism, 8,383 were included in the final analysis.

RESULTS: Testing increased sharply after 2019. Although women underwent twice as many tests, men had a higher deficiency prevalence (56.94% vs. 53.01%). Adults aged 18-34 had the highest prevalence (67.81%). Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists ordered the most tests, particularly for female infertility, with 65.73% of patients deficient. Among those with repeat tests, deficiency prevalence decreased from 60% to 43.25%.

CONCLUSIONS: The increase in voluntary vitamin D testing with demographic disparities highlights the importance of understanding testing behaviors and public health implications. Improved vitamin D status at follow-up suggests potential benefits in identifying high-risk individuals and emphasizes the need for further research to evaluate outcomes and guide prevention strategies.

PMID:40995634 | DOI:10.1017/S1368980025101183

Orthod Craniofac Res. 2025 Sep 25. doi: 10.1111/ocr.70039. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of five cleaning methods on oral microorganism levels in patients undergoing clear aligner treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-centre prospective study consisted of 22 patients with mild-moderate malocclusions and treated by clear aligners (Invisalign system). Patients were instructed to use a toothbrush alone to clean the first set of aligners (Week 1), followed by a toothbrush and toothpaste for the second set (Week 2); a toothbrush and Invisalign Cleaning Crystals for the third set (Week 3); a toothbrush and Corega Proguard & Retainer Daily Cleansing Tablets for the fourth set (Week 4); and a toothbrush and Prokudent Removable Orthodontic Appliance Cleaning Tablets for the fifth set (Week 5). Stimulated saliva and biofilm samples within aligners were collected weekly and cultured to quantify mutans streptococci (MS) and yeast levels.

RESULTS: The amount of mutans streptococci in saliva decreased from 65538 to 31154 CFU/mL over 5 weeks; however, no significant differences were found between any of the weeks. A large effect size was observed between weeks 1 and 3 (0.548). Biofilm-associated MS was recorded highest in the first week (658 CFU/mL) and the lowest in the fifth week (64 CFU/mL), which showed moderate effect size compared to week 1 (0.369) and week 4 (0.353), whereas no significant differences were found between the weeks. Yeast levels remained consistently low, showing no significant differences across the groups.

CONCLUSION: Although a downward trend in mutans streptococci and yeast levels was observed, the decrease was not statistically significant in any of the weeks.

PMID:40995624 | DOI:10.1111/ocr.70039

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Sep 9;16:1596000. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1596000. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complication of microvascular disease that occurs in the late stages of diabetes. Shenkang injection (SKI) has shown promising effects on DKD, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanism by which SKI reduces kidney inflammatory injury and delays DKD progression.

METHODS: Several db/m mice were used as the control group, while db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group, the dagliflozin group, and the SKI group. HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into the control group, high glucose group, SKI group, and SB203580 group. In this study, the therapeutic effect of SKI on DKD was evaluated by observing the general condition of the mice alongside blood and urine biochemical indices. TEM, HE staining, PAS staining, and Mallory staining were utilized to assess the pathological injury of renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry, WB, and real-time qPCR were employed to detect the expression of the key proteins involved in the mechanisms in mouse renal tissue and HK-2 cells.

RESULTS: The results indicated that the general condition and kidney injury were significantly improved in the SKI group, as evidenced by reduced urinary protein quantification, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, SCr, and urea levels (P<0.01). Routine staining and TEM analyses demonstrated significant improvement in podocyte injury and renal interstitial fibrosis. The CCK-8 results demonstrated high cell survival rates in the SKI group. There were significant decreases in p-p38, p-NFκB, MCP-1, and CCR2 levels (P<0.05, P<0.01), with no statistical differences observed for p38 and NFκB. Real-time qPCR revealed significant reductions in MCP-1 and CCR2 mRNA expression in the SKI group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: SKI can reduce kidney inflammatory damage in db/db mice, improve kidney function, and delay the progression of diabetes. The mechanism may involve the reduction of MCP-1/CCR2 activation through the p38 MAPK/NFκB signaling pathway.

PMID:40995594 | PMC:PMC12454092 | DOI:10.3389/fendo.2025.1596000

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Nov-Dec;15(6):1490-1496. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.032. Epub 2025 Sep 9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a significant public health concern, particularly in children, where occlusal surfaces are at high risk due to complex pit and fissure morphology. Pit and fissure sealants are a well-established preventive measure, with resin-based sealants offering superior retention compared to glass ionomer cement (GIC) sealants. Chitosan, a naturally derived biopolymer, may enhance resin-based sealants by improving their mechanical strength, antibacterial action, and adhesion, leading to better retention and reduced need for reapplication. This study evaluated the 6-month retention and caries-preventive effectiveness of a 2 % chitosan-modified resin-based sealant versus a conventional sealant.

METHODOLOGY: A double-blind, split-mouth randomised clinical trial (CTRI/2023/06/054321) was conducted in a pediatric dental setting. A total of 38 children aged 6-10 years, each with four fully erupted, caries-free permanent first molars, were enrolled, resulting in a total of 152 Molars out of which 32 children (128 teeth) completed the trial. Each participant received both a conventional resin-based sealant (Clinpro™) and a 2 % chitosan-modified Clinpro™ sealant on contralateral molars. Randomisation was performed using a SNOSE (Sequentially Numbered Opaque Sealed Envelope) to determine the allocation of sealants on each side. Teeth were prepared by professional prophylaxis using pumice slurry, followed by etching with 37 % phosphoric acid, rinsing, and drying per manufacturer’s instructions before sealant application. Both sealants were light-cured for 20 s and evaluated for proper placement. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Primary outcomes included sealant retention, evaluated using modified retention criteria (complete, partial, or total loss), and caries incidence, assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-II (ICDAS-II). Data were analyzed using STATA 18 software, and statistical significance was determined using Chi-square test to compare categorical variables, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality. Friedman test was conducted for within-group comparisons over time, followed by the Durbin-Conover post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Between-group comparisons of ICDAS-II scores were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: At 3 months, complete retention was observed in 95.31 % of molars treated with the chitosan-modified sealant, compared to 81.25 % in the conventional sealant group. By 6 months, retention rates declined slightly to 92.19 % in the study group and 76.56 % in the control group, with the differences remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding caries prevention, at 3 months, 100 % of teeth in the study group remained caries-free (ICDAS-II score 0), compared to 89.06 % in the control group. By 6 months, 95.31 % of teeth in the study group remained caries-free, whereas the percentage dropped to 84.38 % in the control group. The chitosan-modified sealant demonstrated significantly superior caries prevention compared to the conventional resin-based sealant.

CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of 2 % chitosan into resin-based sealants significantly enhanced both retention and caries prevention over a six-month period. The bioadhesive and antimicrobial properties of chitosan likely contributed to these improved outcomes. Given its enhanced longevity and preventive benefits, chitosan-modified resin-based sealants may serve as a more effective alternative for pediatric dental care. Further studies with extended follow-ups and larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings.

PMID:40995587 | PMC:PMC12455103 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.032

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Sep 23;13(9):e7107. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000007107. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Deficiency of the free border of the lip and “whistling lip” deformity are encountered in secondary repairs of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip. We have reported the use of the de-epithelialized oral vestibular flap (boot flap) for secondary cleft lip repair. We experienced more cases using this method and analyzed them.

METHODS: Fifty-nine patients with a cleft lip underwent secondary repair using this method. In unilateral cases, total scores were determined by evaluating the height of the notch, the volume of the upper lip tubercle, and the upper lip volume of the cleft side. In bilateral cases, total scores were determined by evaluating the height of the notch and the volume of the median lip tubercle.

RESULTS: Of the 46 patients with a unilateral cleft lip, 3 patients underwent a second boot flap operation due to undercorrection, and 1 patient underwent boot flap revision. Of the 12 patients with a bilateral cleft lip, 1 patient underwent a second boot flap operation due to flap atrophy. The second operation could be performed without any difficulty in either unilateral or bilateral cases. Compared with the preoperative scores, the postoperative scores improved significantly in both unilateral and bilateral cases.

CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a recurrent notch deformity after direct suturing in a patient with a unilateral cleft lip. This was thought to be caused by scar contracture. To prevent a recurrent deformity, it is important to interrupt the plane where scar contracture occurs by incorporating a boot flap and augmenting the volume.

PMID:40995577 | PMC:PMC12456503 | DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000007107