Category: Nevin Manimala

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Feb 6;136(5):050802. doi: 10.1103/n9wg-k6q9.

ABSTRACT

The so-called state-carving protocol generates high-fidelity entangled states at an atom-cavity interface without requiring high cavity cooperativity. However, this protocol is limited to 50% efficiency, which restricts its applicability. We propose a simple modification to the state-carving protocol to achieve efficient entanglement generation, with unit probability in principle. Unlike previous two-photon schemes, ours employs only one photon which interacts with the atoms twice-avoiding separate photon detections which causes irrecoverable probability loss. We present a detailed description and performance evaluation of our protocol under nonideal conditions. High fidelity of 0.999 can be achieved with cavity cooperativity of only 34. Efficient state carving paves the way for large-scale entanglement generation at cavity interfaces for modular quantum computing, quantum repeaters, and creating arbitrary shaped atomic graph states, essential for one-way quantum computing.

PMID:41723653 | DOI:10.1103/n9wg-k6q9

Immunohorizons. 2026 Feb 12;10(2):vlag004. doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlag004.

ABSTRACT

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) exhibit impaired immune responses to vaccination against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, remaining vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) even after multiple vaccine doses. We hypothesized that repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in KTRs might promote remodeling of the adaptive immune repertoire. In order to address this hypothesis and gain insight into adaptive immune dynamics in this population, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine longitudinal alterations in immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) gene repertoires following multiple mRNA vaccinations and functional experiments to assess lymphocyte signaling capacity. TR gene repertoire analysis revealed increased diversity and reduced clonality after booster immunizations, indicative of substantial repertoire renewal. Although the relative frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific TR clonotypes remained stable over time, significant shifts in TRBV gene usage reflected dynamic reshaping of the TR clonal architecture. Parallel IG gene repertoire profiling demonstrated increased diversity and limited oligoclonal expansions after booster mRNA vaccination. These changes were accompanied by elevated levels of somatic hypermutation in IG clonotypes similar to published SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes, suggestive of more efficient humoral responses following repeated antigenic exposure. Phospho-specific flow cytometry analysis revealed initially diminished B cell receptor signaling, which was restored following multiple immunizations, consistent with reversal of B cell anergy status. Altogether, our findings support the notion that repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations drive the remodeling of cellular and humoral immune landscapes in KTRs. These results underscore the importance of tailored vaccination strategies to optimize immune protection in immunocompromised individuals.

PMID:41723636 | DOI:10.1093/immhor/vlag004

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2026 Dec 15;34(1):12-18. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-12-18.

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of comprehensive study of assessing characteristics of organization of medical care of elder age groups of rural population with purpose to substantiate the necessary elements of diagnostic and treatment process under key comorbid pathology. The set of systemic causes conditioning defects of quality of medical care support in rural medical organizations is identified. The structure of comorbid pathology in patients of elder age groups was studied. The cause-effect relationships between various forms of chronic diseases are established. The analysis of medical documentation of patients of the older age groups resulted in structuring of 77 different forms of senile pathology: 23 forms of geriatric diseases and 54 forms of geriatric syndromes. The established cause-effect relationships were classified as afferent (disease positions as causal factor) and efferent ones (disease is consequence of other pathology). All forms of geriatric pathology, for which statistically significant comorbid associations with other diseases were established, are unified into group of key comorbid pathology. On the basis of established specificity of afferent and efferent comorbid relationships, the necessary elements of treatment and diagnostic process for each of the forms of key comorbid pathology are developed.

PMID:41723620 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-12-18

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2026 Dec 15;34(1):75-83. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-75-83.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to determine directions of strategy of intersectoral interaction in preventing drug consumption in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic based on the Foresight approach and scenario modeling of arising trends in society narcotization. The Foresight methodological tools were used (PESTLE analysis, scenario forecast, drivers and bifurcation points identification, the Popper diamond). The data base for analysis included statistical data from narcologic services, the reports of the WHO, the UNODC, the Main Directorate for Drug Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and expert assessments. The analysis of study results permitted to identify key trends (increase of poly-narcomania, intensification of synthetic drugs, rejuvenation of drug addicts and drug market digitization). The probable and possible scenarios of development such as inertial, optimistic, crisis and innovative ones were determined. The drivers and bifurcation points capable radically change trajectory of drug situation were identified. The necessity of transition from predominantly repressive approach to preventive and rehabilitative one, integration of digital monitoring technologies (WBE, Big Data) and development of individual plan of prevention set-back are substantiated. The conclusions are made that the Foresight analysis in the field of anti-narcotic prevention is efficient tool of proactive risk management that permits to coordinate Federal and regional strategies. For the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, special importance acquires development of meso-strategy based on intersectoral cooperation, use of ethno-confessional resources and educational and cultural potential. The scenario modeling provides opportunity to be prepared for potential menaces and to develop sustainable trajectory of reducing drug risks and promoting public health by 2030.

PMID:41723619 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-75-83

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2026 Dec 15;34(1):48-54. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-48-54.

ABSTRACT

The transformation of social political system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries significantly deteriorated quality of life of indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East, lowering income levels and health indicators and marginalizing population. The indigenous smaller peoples are extremely vulnerable group of ethnic minorities in medical demographic terms. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern medical demographic situation and indicators characterizing health level of the Udege and the Nanai people residing village of Krasny Yar of the Pozharsky municipality of Primorsky Krai to take effective measures improving current medical demographic situation. The statistical and mathematical methods were applied in the study. In June 2025, sociological survey was carried out to identify self-assessments of quality of life of the population of village of Krasny Yar that included questions about nutrition quality. It is concluded that causes of deterioration of health of indigenous peoples of the Pozharsky municipality depend on medical biological and social economic factors. The main medical biological determinants include genetic ones determining characteristics of body functioning. The social economic factors include low level of living as a result of absence of work, change in ethnic identity under influence of mixed marriages, miscegenation, inaccessibility of highly qualified medical care. It is demonstrated that low income level of families is the main cause of poor nutrition. The active integration and assimilation processes, primarily related to alien population (Russians) resulted in destruction of traditional way of life and deterioration of health that affected decreasing of natality.

PMID:41723614 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2026-34-1-48-54

Womens Health (Lond). 2026 Jan-Dec;22:17455057261418776. doi: 10.1177/17455057261418776. Epub 2026 Feb 22.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that doulas may buffer poor birth outcomes for marginalized groups by providing social support, health education and advocacy between patients and their medical team.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the current environment and scope of work for doulas serving immigrants and refugees.

DESIGN: This study is an extension of the on-going mixed methods, community-engaged Georgia Doula Study. From June to November 2022, researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 22 doulas serving immigrants and refugees in and outside of Metropolitan Atlanta.

METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Two research assistants independently coded the interviews using Dedoose. Data were examined using thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Four themes emerged for immigrant-serving doulas including: doulas fill the gap of care and societal navigation, doulas are asked to integrate themselves into their client’s communities, the relationship between doulas and their clients is mutually empowering, and the landscape included both doula-centered and systems-centered frictions. Doulas reported a high level of desire for their services among immigrants, with positive experiences for both clients and them. However, doulas were frequently the only source of support for immigrant clients and were tasked with navigating the complexities of both new arrival experiences and the complex U.S. healthcare system.

CONCLUSION: Doulas provide critical support in the navigation of immigrant experiences in the United States-including and beyond pregnancy. Their work with immigrant communities enriches the lives of their clients and improves maternal and child health outcomes. However, revised policies and programming for more holistic perinatal services are needed to facilitate their expansive scope of work.

PMID:41723593 | DOI:10.1177/17455057261418776

J Perioper Pract. 2026 Feb 22:17504589261421004. doi: 10.1177/17504589261421004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium is a common and serious complication in surgical patients, often leading to prolonged hospitalisation and increased morbidity. Intranasal insulin has shown promising results in preventing postoperative delirium and protecting cognitive function. However, its use has not been standardised and is not part of treatment protocols. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of intranasal insulin in reducing postoperative delirium.

METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to October 2025 for randomised controlled trials investigating intranasal insulin for postoperative delirium prevention in patients undergoing surgery. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. We performed subgroup analyses of orthopaedics, gastrointestinal, and cardiac surgeries.

RESULTS: A total of 1039 patients from nine randomised controlled trials were included, of whom 574 (55.2%) received treatment with intranasal insulin. The overall incidence of delirium was significantly lower in patients treated with intranasal insulin (risk ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval = 0.28-0.46; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses also demonstrated significant reductions in delirium following orthopaedic surgeries (p < 0.001), gastrointestinal surgeries (p < 0.001), and cardiac surgeries (p = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative intranasal insulin significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing surgery.

PMID:41723589 | DOI:10.1177/17504589261421004

J Perioper Pract. 2026 Feb 22:17504589261418823. doi: 10.1177/17504589261418823. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This quality improvement study was undertaken in the ophthalmology theatres at the Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, to address reduced capped theatre utilisation during the COVID-19 recovery period. Baseline utilisation was 75.8%, below the national Getting It Right First Time target of 85% for theatre touchtime utilisation by 2024/25. The aim was to identify the causes of underperformance and implement targeted interventions to improve theatre efficiency.

METHODS: A Lean Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) framework was used as the study design. Targeted interventions included increasing pre-assessment capacity to reduce under-booking, improving scheduling processes, reducing early finishes, and carrying out structured daily reviews of implant and equipment availability to minimise on-the-day cancellations. Multiple regression, factorial Design of Experiments, process capability analysis, Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, and Statistical Process Control were used to analyse variation, test changes, and monitor performance.

RESULTS: The Analyse phase showed that early finishes, under-booking, and limited pre-assessment capacity were the main drivers of low utilisation, rather than commonly assumed factors such as late starts. Following the introduction of targeted interventions, capped theatre utilisation improved from 75.8% to 81%. Continuous monitoring through Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles and Statistical Process Control supported stability and informed further refinements.

CONCLUSIONS: This project shows that combining Lean Six Sigma methodology with advanced statistical analysis can deliver measurable improvements in theatre utilisation. The findings challenged long-held assumptions about the causes of inefficiency and highlight the importance of optimising scheduling processes and pre-assessment capacity. The model offers a transferable, scalable approach for other units aiming to enhance theatre efficiency and achieve sustainable operational improvements.

PMID:41723588 | DOI:10.1177/17504589261418823

J Prim Care Community Health. 2026 Jan-Dec;17:21501319261425544. doi: 10.1177/21501319261425544. Epub 2026 Feb 22.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Patient-provider trust is essential for effective healthcare delivery, influencing care engagement, disclosure, and adherence. Mistrust can delay diagnoses, reduce care utilization, and worsen outcomes. While cultural competence trainings aim to improve provider awareness, few studies examine how community health workers (CHWs) perceive and support trust-building in clinical care.

PURPOSE: To explore strategies for building and maintaining patient-provider trust from the perspectives of CHWs.

METHODS: Using a Community-Based Participatory Research approach, 39 CHWs from 3 rural-serving health centers in California participated in semi-structured focus groups. English and Spanish sessions were co-led by University researchers and trained CHW partners. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted in Dedoose, and descriptive statistics were generated using Stata 17.

RESULTS: CHWs identified 3 factors that shape patient-provider trust: (1) Power dynamics, such as provider-dominated conversations and time constraints, limit trust-building; (2) Communication that fosters emotional safety, including provider attentiveness and respectful verbal and nonverbal behaviors; and (3) Cultural respect and competence, emphasizing the importance of recognizing patients’ beliefs and providing language-concordant care.

DISCUSSION: CHWs offer community-informed insights on trust-building that can inform culturally responsive and equity-oriented interventions, particularly in rural and underserved regions. Future efforts should explore co-developing training modules with CHWs to strengthen patient-provider trust.

PMID:41723587 | DOI:10.1177/21501319261425544

J Prim Care Community Health. 2026 Jan-Dec;17:21501319261422872. doi: 10.1177/21501319261422872. Epub 2026 Feb 22.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Using State-level surveillance records we assessed disparities in premature mortality among people with HIV (PWH) in Florida during pre- (2019) and early COVID-19 pandemic (2020).

METHODS: We calculated age-standardized rates of years of potential life lost per 100 persons (aYPLL) stratified by sex, race and ethnicity, rural/urban residence, and social vulnerability index (SVI).

RESULTS: PWH in Florida during 2020 experienced a significant increase in aYPLL (2019: 29.0, 95% CI [28.1, 30.0]; 2020: 32.8, 95% CI [31.8, 33.9]). HIV/AIDS contributed the most aYPLL in 2020 (13.4, 95% CI [12.4, 14.4]), especially among females (15.8, 95% CI [15.2, 16.4]), rural communities (14.5, 95% CI [12.7, 17.6]), and high SVI communities (12.5, 95% CI [11.9, 13.2]). aYPLL due to external causes increased significantly from 2019 to 2020 (4.1, 95% CI [4.0, 4.3] vs 5.4, 95% CI [5.2, 5.5]), especially for females (3.6, 95% CI [3.3, 3.9] vs 7.8, 95% CI [7.4, 8.3]) and those living in low SVI communities (3.1, 95% CI [2.7, 3.8] vs 7.1, 95% CI [6.5, 8.1]). aYPLL due to COVID-19 was greatest for females (2.3, 95% CI [2.1, 2.6]) and residents of high SVI communities (2.0, 95% CI [1.9, 2.1]).

CONCLUSIONS: PWH experienced increased individual- and neighborhood-level disparities in premature mortality from HIV/AIDS from 2019 to 2020, especially among females and those in rural and socially vulnerable communities. External causes and COVID-19 were also associated with an increased premature mortality during this time frame, with disparities noted by sex and community social vulnerability. Pandemic planning should include targeted outreach programs which prepare for vulnerable populations’ healthcare needs and mitigate mortality.

PMID:41723585 | DOI:10.1177/21501319261422872