Category: Nevin Manimala

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025 Aug;18(8):1023-1030. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3230. Epub 2025 Sep 4.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND BACKGROUND: Pain and anxiety during dental procedures can be skillfully tackled using effective and efficient behavior management. The current systematic review aimed to assess how effectively binaural beats (BB) work to reduce dental pain and anxiety in children as well as adults.

METHODS: An electronic search of the databases was conducted; authors independently extracted the data from nine studies included in the review. Clinical trials included in the review were the studies that reported the effectiveness of BB used during dental procedures for reducing dental pain and anxiety among children and adults. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for evaluating the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed and random effect models. Heterogeneity was quantified with I ² statistics. Reduction in the dental pain and anxiety scores [as measured by visual analog scale (VAS)/Venham’s picture test (VPT)] was considered the chief outcome.

RESULTS: A total of 580 studies related to the topic were identified. Studies carried out for procedures other than dental as well as duplicates were eliminated, and following analysis of full-text articles, nine studies were included for systematic review. Overall, the results showed high risk of selection and detection bias. Dental pain and anxiety scores showed significant difference when comparing pre- and postintervention values. When comparing BB with controls, there was significant reduction in dental anxiety (DA) scores, while dental pain reduction showed inconclusive results with control (no intervention) and significant reduction with positive control.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dental pain and anxiety appear to be alleviated by BB. Clinicians may view BB as a viable nonpharmacological treatment for dental pain and anxiety.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Shukla AD, Subhadra HN, Unnikrishnan S, et al. Effectiveness of Binaural Beats in Reducing Dental Pain and Anxiety among Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(8):1023-1030.

PMID:40989974 | PMC:PMC12451561 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3230

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025 Aug;18(8):964-970. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3231. Epub 2025 Sep 4.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate and compare the qualitative and quantitative microleakage analysis using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the conventional pit and fissure sealant with silver nanoparticles infused pit and fissure sealant in primary and permanent teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty extracted over-retained primary molars and sixty premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were collected and then randomly and equally divided into groups, i.e., group I (primary teeth) and group II (permanent teeth), and further into subgroups, i.e., subgroup IA-primary molars on which conventional pit and fissure sealant was applied, subgroup IB-primary molars on which silver nanoparticles infused pit and fissure sealant was applied, subgroup IIA-premolars on which conventional pit and fissure sealant was applied, and subgroup IIB-premolars on which silver nanoparticles infused pit and fissure sealant was applied. Occlusal surfaces of all teeth were cleaned, etched, and water rinsed, followed by the application of pit and fissure sealant according to the groups allocated. All the samples were then subjected to thermocycling, immersed in 5% methylene blue dye, sectioned, and analyzed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of microleakage under stereomicroscope and SEM.

RESULTS: The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using χ² and post hoc tests. No statistically significant difference was seen in qualitative and quantitative microleakage of silver nanoparticles infused pit and fissure sealant when compared to conventional pit and fissure sealant.

CONCLUSION: Infusion of silver nanoparticles into pit and fissure sealant does not affect the microleakage in primary and permanent teeth.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Addition of silver nanoparticles to pit and fissure sealant gives an added advantage of silver without affecting the physical properties of the pit and fissure sealant.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bhambri T, Bhola M, Bajaj N, et al. Impact of Novel Pit and Fissure Sealant Infused with Silver Nanoparticles in Comparison with Conventional Pit and Fissure Sealant in both Primary and Permanent Teeth: An SEM and Stereomicroscope Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(8):964-970.

PMID:40989973 | PMC:PMC12451574 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3231

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025 Aug;18(8):930-939. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3190. Epub 2025 Sep 4.

ABSTRACT

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between nutrition as reflected by body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence and severity of untreated dental caries in children without prior dental treatment using pulp involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess (PUFA) index. Dental caries is common among children worldwide, with prevalence linked to factors like income, location, and dental access, affecting 60-90% of school-age children depending on location. Untreated decay can lead to pain, school absence, and low self-esteem. This study examines the relationship between BMI and the PUFA index to assess untreated caries severity. Understanding diet, health, and oral health interactions may support multifaceted interventions for preventing caries in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study involved 100 primary school children in Mysuru city, India. Cases were defined as children with untreated dental caries or clinical consequences of dental caries, while controls were children without untreated dental caries or with only initial or moderate caries. Dental examinations, PUFA index assessments, and weight and height measurements were conducted. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression.

RESULTS: No significant differences were found in age, weight, height, and BMI between cases and controls, but BMI was reported to be reduced in cases than the controls. However, cases showed significantly higher PUFA scores, particularly in pulpal involvement and abscesses. Socioeconomic status (SES), school type, and location significantly influenced anthropometric measurements but not dental health measures. Logistic regression revealed that higher BMI was associated with lower odds of PUFA category 1, while higher decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores increased the odds. Mouthrinsing showed a strong protective effect against severe dental caries.

CONCLUSION: The study highlights the complex relationship between nutritional status, socioeconomic factors, and dental health in children. While anthropometric measures were similar between groups, significant differences in oral hygiene habits and dental health were observed. The results make it clear that different kinds of public health programs and focused interventions are needed to help children with poor oral health.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study explores the clinical link between BMI and the PUFA index in primary school children. Understanding this relationship is crucial, as higher PUFA scores reflect severe, untreated dental issues often found in children with lower BMI due to poor nutrition. Identifying such associations can guide interventions that target both oral health and nutritional support, helping reduce dental disease and promote overall health in children.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Paramasivam K, Manjunathappa TH, Kumar BS, et al. Association of Pulp Involvement, Ulceration, Fistula, Abscess and Body Mass Index among Primary School Children: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(8):930-939.

PMID:40989969 | PMC:PMC12451568 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3190

Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2025 Sep 3;61:101944. doi: 10.1016/j.gore.2025.101944. eCollection 2025 Oct.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Management of epithelial ovarian cancer presenting with moderate to large pleural effusion at first diagnosis is a clinical challenge. Several options are utilized with limited evidence including initial thoracoscopic evaluation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or some combination. We sought to evaluate the disease course and patterns of recurrence after triage to NACT.

METHODS: We included all clinical Stage IVA patients having moderate to large pleural effusions without radiologic evidence of a Stage IVB metastasis presenting to our institution between 2016 and 2021. Clinical outcomes and patterns of recurrence were evaluated using descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier curves.

RESULTS: There were 31 patients (7.5 % of new ovarian cancer cases) who met inclusion criteria with median age 68.0 years. Most had high grade serous histology (29; 93.5 %) and 3/27 (11.1 %) were BRCA positive. Factors influencing triage to NACT were effusion alone in 3 (9.7 %) patients whereas 14/31 (45.2 %) had ≥2 factors. Resolution of the effusion occurred after NACT alone in 23 (74.2 %). Eight patients never proceeded to surgery. Complete gross resection (CGR) of abdominal disease at interval debulking surgery (IDS) was achieved in 14/23 (60.9 %), residual disease (RD) ≤1 cm in 8/23 (34.8 %) and >1 cm in 1/23 (4.3 %). Chemotherapy response scores were available for 19/23 cases and did not correlate with survival. After IDS, all patients received adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for a median of 3 cycles and 4 patients received maintenance therapy (PARP inhibitor in 4, bevacizumab in 1). Median OS for the whole cohort was 30.5 months: 3-year OS was 0 % if no surgery (8 patients), 27.8 % if any visible disease after IDS (9 patients), and 71.4 % if CGR (5-year OS 64.3 %). Recurrence or progression occurred in 30/31 distributed as follows: abdomen alone (16/30, 53.3 %) versus abdomen and thorax (13/30, 41.9 %). Only 1 patient recurred in the thorax alone.

CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence directs the best management for patients presenting with clinical Stage IVA disease. Our data represent a particularly high-risk subgroup which may be characteristic of patients with large pleural effusions and adds important information showing that approximately half of these patients have ≥2 indications to favor NACT, signifying their high-risk status. Despite this, when CGR in the abdomen was achieved at IDS, median OS was greater than 5 years.

PMID:40989964 | PMC:PMC12451284 | DOI:10.1016/j.gore.2025.101944

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Sep 22;13(9):e7110. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000007110. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to perform noninvasive acoustic quantification of digital arterial Doppler sounds and to determine the possibility of evaluating digital arterial circulation using the results of acoustic assessment.

METHODS: In this prospective study, we recorded the Doppler sounds of the radial and ulnar digital arteries of all digits of 25 volunteers (male, n = 10; female, n = 15) included in the study, converted these recordings into digital files, and analyzed them using a fast Fourier transform analyzer. We recorded the Doppler sound of each digital artery by means of (1) contralateral digital artery compression, (2) ipsilateral digital artery compression, and (3) no compression as a control. The analyzed parameters comprised the equivalent sound level (Leq), sound pressure difference between the maximum and minimum sound pressures (delta sound pressure), and frequency. In addition, the Doppler sounds of the contralateral and compression groups were acoustically compared with those of the control group by 2 examiners.

RESULTS: The contralateral compression group demonstrated a statistically lower Leq and greater delta sound pressure. In particular, the delta sound pressure had a higher sensitivity and specificity. The ipsilateral compression group had a significantly lower Leq and frequency. The Doppler sounds of the contralateral compression group resembled a staccato rhythm. The agreement rate of the kappa coefficients was high.

CONCLUSIONS: The patency of the digital artery is presumably high if the Doppler sound changes to a staccato rhythm upon compression of the contralateral digital artery.

PMID:40989945 | PMC:PMC12453366 | DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000007110

J Exp Orthop. 2025 Sep 22;12(3):e70431. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70431. eCollection 2025 Jul.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) are biomechanically comparable to total meniscectomy, leading to meniscal extrusion, increased tibiofemoral contact pressure and accelerated osteoarthritis (OA) in varus-aligned knees. While high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is effective in unloading the medial compartment, the added value of repairing the MMPRT during HTO remains debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether combined MMPRT repair and HTO provide superior short-term clinical and radiological outcomes compared to HTO alone.

METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus was performed in March 2025. Comparative studies evaluating HTO with or without concurrent MMPR repair in patients with varus knee and medial OA were included. Primary outcomes were clinical scores (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Lysholm, Knee Society Score [KSS] and Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS]), radiographic parameters (joint line convergence angle [JLCA], hip-knee-ankle [HKA] angle and joint space width), meniscal extrusion and second-look arthroscopic findings. Statistical analysis was conducted using a random-effects model with Review Manager 5.4.

RESULTS: Eight retrospective comparative studies (n = 630 patients) met the inclusion criteria. MMPRT repair plus HTO demonstrated statistically higher IKDC scores (MD = 3.56; p = 0.001) compared to HTO alone; however, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of Lysholm, KSS function and HSS scores. Radiographically, minimal improvements were noted in JLCA (MD = -0.25; p = 0.006), without clear clinical implications. Meniscal extrusion did not differ significantly between groups (MD = 0.30; p = 0.72). Second-look arthroscopy revealed complete root healing in 22% of cases. The risk of bias was moderate to high.

CONCLUSION: Short-term follow-up shows that combining MMPRT repair with HTO yields statistically better IKDC clinical scores. Furthermore, the actual benefit of combining MMPRT repair with HTO in routine clinical practice is questionable. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are required to clarify the long-term clinical impact of MM.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID:40989938 | PMC:PMC12451467 | DOI:10.1002/jeo2.70431

J Exp Orthop. 2025 Sep 22;12(3):e70417. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70417. eCollection 2025 Jul.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Early diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is essential. This systematic review aimed to identify biomarkers useful for diagnosing FAIS and predicting its progression to hip osteoarthritis. Our hypothesis was that there are biomarkers that are useful for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of FAIS. Our research questions were: (1) which biomarkers support diagnosis or screening of FAIS? and (2) which biomarkers predict disease progression?

METHODS: A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was conducted to investigate the relationship between biomarkers and FAIS. The diagnosis of FAIS was based on the criteria used in each original study, typically involving clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of CAM or pincer morphology. The protocol for the review has been published in PROSPERO. Literature search was performed using three databases: Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. The initial search yielded 683 articles of which 16 articles were included for final analysis. Data from a total of 2134 participants were analysed. Sixty-eight unique biomarkers associated with FAIS were identified and measured.

RESULTS: Diagnostically, 19 biomarkers were identified, of which 12 could significantly detect a difference between patients with FAIS and healthy controls. Forty-two biomarkers predicting the association of FAIS with hip osteoarthritis or late FAIS were identified, of which 16 biomarkers were statistically significant. Only 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase promoter (ABAT) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were associated with both diagnosis and prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers may support the diagnosis and monitoring disease progression in patients with FAIS. Twelve biomarkers may detect early changes, and 16 may predict progression to osteoarthritis. Further refinement is required to identify those most useful in clinical practice. ABAT and PPARγ may be linked to both diagnosis and progression. While primarily preclinical, these findings may improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce overtreatment and aid decisions regarding joint preservation strategies.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

PMID:40989937 | PMC:PMC12451476 | DOI:10.1002/jeo2.70417

Arthroplasty. 2025 Sep 23;7(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s42836-025-00330-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication that necessitates a complex treatment strategy. Single-stage exchange arthroplasty, combined with intravenous and intra-articular antibiotic infusions, has shown high efficacy in treating complex PJIs. However, the impact of this approach on hematologic parameters remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the postoperative trends in blood platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil count in patients undergoing single-stage exchange arthroplasty.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 313 patients who underwent single-stage revision for PJI between June 2010 and October 2022. Hematologic parameters were monitored for the first seven postoperative days. The delta between preoperative and lowest postoperative values for platelet, WBC, and neutrophil counts was calculated. Statistical analyses compared these changes between revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) groups.

RESULTS: Platelet count significantly decreased postoperatively, reaching its nadir on day 2.5 for rTHA and day 2.8 for rTKA. The delta in platelet count was higher in rTHA patients (73.5 × 10⁹/L) compared to rTKA patients (46.0 × 10⁹/L). The incidence of thrombocytopenia was higher in the rTHA group (28.7%) compared to the rTKA group (12.3%). Multivariate regression analysis identified rTHA and preoperative platelet levels as independent risk factors for greater postoperative platelet decreases. WBC and neutrophil counts initially increased postoperatively, peaking on day 1, and then gradually declined, with nadirs around day 4-5.

CONCLUSION: Single-stage revision for PJI is associated with significant postoperative decreases in platelet count, particularly in patients undergoing rTHA. However, this hematologic change did not result in bleeding complications and may not represent a major clinical concern in most patients. Routine monitoring remains advisable to guide perioperative management.

PMID:40988075 | DOI:10.1186/s42836-025-00330-1

BMC Chem. 2025 Sep 23;19(1):261. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01624-w.

ABSTRACT

The widespread clinical utilization of amlodipine-aspirin combinations, despite potential pharmacodynamic interactions and the high prevalence of drug-drug interactions in cardiovascular patients, necessitates robust analytical methods for pharmaceutical quality control and therapeutic drug monitoring. Current analytical approaches face limitations including lengthy analysis times, substantial solvent consumption, and high operational costs. This study presents a novel spectrofluorimetric method coupled with genetic algorithm-enhanced partial least squares (GA-PLS) regression for simultaneous quantification of amlodipine and aspirin in pharmaceutical formulations and biological plasma samples. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy at Δλ = 100 nm in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-ethanolic medium enhanced spectral characteristics, while chemometric approaches were essential to address remaining spectral overlap for accurate quantification. The GA-PLS approach demonstrated superior performance over conventional partial least squares regression, achieving relative root mean square errors of prediction (RRMSEP) of 0.93 and 1.24 for amlodipine and aspirin respectively, with limits of detection of 22.05 and 15.15 ng/mL. Genetic algorithm optimization reduced spectral variables to approximately 10% of the original dataset while maintaining optimal model performance with only two latent variables. Method validation according to ICH Q2(R2) guidelines demonstrated excellent accuracy (98.62-101.90% recovery) and precision (RSD < 2%) across the analytical range of 200-800 ng/mL. Statistical comparison with established HPLC reference methods showed no significant differences, while application in human plasma achieved recoveries of 95.58-104.51% with coefficient of variation below 5%. Multi-dimensional sustainability assessment using the MA Tool and RGB12 whiteness evaluation achieved an overall score of 91.2%, demonstrating clear superiority over conventional HPLC-UV (83.0%) and LC-MS/MS (69.2%) methods across environmental, analytical, and practical dimensions. The developed method provides a sustainable, cost-effective alternative for routine pharmaceutical analysis, demonstrating enhanced performance through intelligent variable selection and improved operational efficiency.

PMID:40988073 | DOI:10.1186/s13065-025-01624-w

Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2025 Sep 23;20(1):479. doi: 10.1186/s13023-025-04034-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene, leading to mucocutaneous blistering. Subsequent inflammation contributes to chronic wounds, scarring, and systemic complications. There is controversy over whether and how inflammation should be therapeutically targeted.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to question tissue and systemic inflammation in DEB and identify inflammatory patterns and research gaps to improve patient management.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE via PubMed was conducted to identify studies examining “DEB and tissue or systemic inflammation”. Out of 663 studies identified, 37 met the inclusion criteria. Data for synthesis were extracted from studies assessing systemic inflammatory parameter levels in DEB patients. For outcomes with multiple available studies, we performed an exploratory network meta-analysis to compare the standardized mean difference in systemic inflammatory parameters across three patient groups: DEB patients, healthy controls, and patients with other types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB).

RESULTS: The point estimate results for IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM, as well as anti-collagen VII, anti-BP230, anti-BP180 autoantibodies suggested elevated values in DEB patients compared to healthy patients or other EB patients. The estimated standardized mean differences showed lower values of interleukin (IL)-10, hemoglobin and serum albumin in DEB patients compared to controls or other EB patients.

CONCLUSION: Current evidence is limited by small and heterogeneous patient cohorts, variability in study designs and reporting methods, and a predominant reliance on observational and retrospective descriptive studies. Well-designed clinical trials and prospective studies are necessary to further investigate inflammatory pathways and assess the efficacy of (targeted) anti-inflammatory therapies but are difficult to perform and cost-intensive. AI tools for small-data may support research in this field. PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42024535352.

PMID:40988071 | DOI:10.1186/s13023-025-04034-2