Category: Nevin Manimala

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):528-533. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_12_24. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dermal fillers augment soft tissues by replacing lost volume in the skin or subcutaneous fat. Dentists and other professionals utilize or recommend facial fillers for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes.

AIMS: This study aims to investigate public awareness regarding using nonsurgical facial dermal fillers in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS AND MATERIAL: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed to a total of 400 males and females through social media platforms. The participants reside in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were employed for data analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 256 participants completed the survey, including 204 females and 51 males, with a mean age of 33.86 (SD = 10.5) years. Among the participants, 88 (34.4%) reported using facial fillers. Among them, only 46 (18%) were frequent consumers. Knowledge regarding correctly using facial fillers was generally high, especially for the lips (240, 94%), chin augmentation (203, 79.3%), and face lifting (226, 88.3%). However, participants’ knowledge needed improvement in other areas. Most participants were aware of the side effects, except for visual impairment (83, 32.4%) and blockage of the vessels (128, 50%).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlighted a remarkable level of knowledge among participants regarding the uses of fillers. However, participants demonstrated low awareness of all possible side effects associated with the treatment. Participants had valid reasons for undergoing facial treatments. However, constraints preventing them from pursuing fillers included fear of unexpected results and financial limitations.

PMID:38679777 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_12_24

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):521-527. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_3_24. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Blood loss during and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to substantial morbidity and the need for blood transfusions. There are several methods to minimize blood loss and decrease transfusion rates in patients undergoing TKA. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent with known efficacy for achieving these goals, is combined with tourniquets to reduce bleeding in arthroplasty surgeries. Our study investigated the effects of various combinations of tranexamic acid and tourniquet use on bleeding in knee arthroplasty in 558 patients.

AIM: We aimed to determine the method that would provide the least blood loss and transfusion need in knee arthroplasty surgery.

METHODS: Between January 2018 and December 2022, 558 patients aged between 55 and 85 years underwent TKA surgery for grade 4 gonarthrosis in our clinic, and their decrease in hemoglobin value and whether they were transfused or not were analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups based on use of tranexamic acid and tourniquet. Demographic variables and patient data (body mass index, INR values, and preoperative hemoglobin values) were recorded.

RESULTS: There were 558 patients with a mean age of 68.19 (67 ± 6.949) years. In group 1, tranexamic acid was not used in 128 patients and tourniquet was used only during cementation; in group 2, in 132 patients, tranexamic acid was not used and tourniquet was used throughout the surgery; in group 3, in 158 patients, tranexamic acid was used and tourniquet was used throughout the surgery; in group 4, in 140 patients, tranexamic acid was used and tourniquet was used only during cementation. The decrease in hemoglobin value and transfusion rate was lowest in group 3 and highest in group 1. Besides, there was a greater decrease in hemoglobin value in group 2 than in group 4 and the transfusion rate was similar.

CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study showed that using tranexamic acid and a tourniquet throughout surgery significantly reduced the decrease in hemoglobin value and the need for transfusion.

PMID:38679776 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_3_24

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):504-512. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_806_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Interventions during pregnancy might increase the risk of depression becausethey may cause anxiety and stress in the mother. In these cases, it is important to provide social support to pregnant women.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the risk of depression and the perception of social support in pregnant women who had undergone intrauterine intervention (IUI).

METHODS: The population of this descriptive study consisted of all pregnant women (n = 267) who attended a state hospital in Izmir between March and September 2022 and who had undergone IUI. Data were obtained using a sociodemographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used in the study.

RESULTS: In this study, of the women, 42.7% had ≥3 pregnancies; the gestational week of 93.6% of the pregnant women was between 13-24 weeks. The mean scores of the pregnant women were 11.12 ± 8.04 on the BDI and 61.06 ± 19.84 on the MSPSS. According to the results of the correlation analysis, there was a weak (<0.05) negative reverse correlation between the scales.

CONCLUSIONS: In the results of this study, it has been determined that as perceived social support increases in pregnant women, symptoms of depression are less likely to occur. This result is important in terms of indicating the need for providing social support to pregnant women. Women should be able to identify depression risk factors during this process to receive appropriate care and support.

PMID:38679774 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_806_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):496-503. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_794_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Monolithic zirconia restorations can be produced from self-colored or uncolored blocks. The coloring procedure of uncolored blocks and surface treatments may affect the appearance of the restoration.

AIM: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of liquid coloring and surface treatments on optical properties of translucent monolithic zirconia.

METHODS: All specimens were cut from zirconia blocks with a thickness of 1 mm. Specimens were dipped in the coloring liquids for 3 min, 5 min, and 7 min and then divided into groups of 10 specimens for surface treatments. Glaze and mechanical polishing were applied, and the color of the specimens was measured under the D65 lighting condition with a spectrophotometer device. Color values obtained from the CIE Lab formula and the translucency parameter (TP), opalescence parameter (OP), and contrast ratio (CR) were calculated. The normality of the data was confirmed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of dipping time, liquid shade, and surface treatments.

RESULTS: The effect of liquid shade and dipping time on the TP, OP, and CR parameters were statistically significant, and the TP values were reduced with the application of coloring liquid. Mechanical polishing groups had higher OP values and lower TP values than glazed groups.

CONCLUSION: In cases where high translucency is required, it may be advisable to use self-colored blocks and apply glaze as a surface treatment to achieve the desired optical properties.

PMID:38679773 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_794_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):489-495. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_767_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The preoperative prediction of intraperitoneal adhesion (IPA) before repeated cesarean deliveries (CD), which are becoming more prevalent, is crucial for maternal health.

AIM: The aim of the study was to preoperatively predict IPA in repeated CD with the stria gravidarum (SG) scoring system.

METHODS: A total of 167 patients with at least one previous CD at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation were analyzed. Preoperative SG was calculated according to the Davey scoring system: 0-2 score were defined as mild SG (Group 1; n: 94, 56.2%), and 3-8 score were defined as severe SG (Group 2; n = 73, 43.8%). Preoperative previous cesarean incision features were evaluated according to the Vancouver scar scale. IPA was evaluated according to the Nair’s and modified Nair’s scoring systems.

RESULTS: Parity, younger age at first pregnancy, higher body mass index, number of previous CDs, rate of scar symptoms, Nair’s and the modified Nair’s scores were statistically significant in Group 2 (P = 0.01; P = 0.04; P = 0.007; P = 0.004; P < 0.001; P = 0.007; P = 0.02, respectively). Davey score ≥3 and Vancouver score ≥4.5 were determined as the cut-off value to predict IPA (P = 0.1 and 0.07, respectively). According to multivariate analysis, both Davey and Vancouver scores are independent factors in predicting IPA (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Evaluating the SG score through the Davey score in women with a history of previous CD may assist in predicting IPA status before the planning of a subsequent surgery.

PMID:38679772 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_767_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):483-488. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_706_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The cuff is a complex structure with many factors affecting it. How much it is affected after repair is still being investigated.

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the functional results of individuals who received arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and assess the various factors that could impact these outcomes.

METHODS: The study included 57 patients with a mean age of 58.8 years (range: 39-71) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2013 and 2020, with a minimum of 6 months after the operation. Functional and clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated using preoperative and postoperative scores (QDASH, ASES, and VAS). The study also analyzed how demographic factors, type and duration of the tear, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT), and other pathologies may have affected the patients’ scores.

RESULTS: The effect of the operation on the scores in rotator cuff tears was highly significant (P < 0.05). Age, gender, tear size, fatty degeneration, anchor configuration, comorbidities, and additional procedures presented variable values on postoperative scores, but were not statistically significant. The effect of DM and HT on VAS scores was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The results of rotator cuff repair appear to be influenced by several factors, including the sex of the patient, type and duration of tear, comorbidities, and surgical procedures used. Although these factors had an effect on the scores, they were not statistically significant.

PMID:38679771 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_706_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):467-474. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_702_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking statistics are alarming and the oral mucosa is the first human part of the body that is exposed to the toxic substances of smoking.

AIMS: Considering the high prevalence rate of tobacco-associated problems in the oral cavity and few studies on the Iranian population regarding the effects of smoking on the oral cavity, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between smoking and oral lesions in the Iranian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational study. In this observational study, the oral cavities of 200 participants (smokers = 100 and non-smokers = 100) were examined by a trained dental student under the supervision of an oral and maxillofacial medicine expert, and the presence of coated tongue, leukoedema, leukoplakia, smoker’s palate, smoker’s melanosis, erythroplakia, frictional hyperkeratosis, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, and erythematous candidiasis were recorded. Xerostomia was evaluated based on participants’ self-reporting through a questionnaire. All data were analyzed using T-test, Chi-square test, odd ratio, 95% confidence interval, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: The results of this study showed smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of coated tongue (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.32-3.54, P = 0.005), smoker’s melanosis (OR: 6.176, 95% CI: 3.28-11.62, P = 0.00002), and frictional hyperkeratosis (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.68-2.60, P = 0.005). However, no significant association was observed between smoking and leukoedema (OR: 1, 95% CI: 0.51-1.94, P = 1). None of the participants presented smoker’s palate, erythroplakia, and candidiasis.

CONCLUSIONS: This study’s results showed that smokers exhibited a greater chance of developing oral lesions compared to non-smokers.

PMID:38679769 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_702_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):460-466. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_696_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound scan (USS) in pregnancy has become a common diagnostic tool used in the assessment of pregnancy in recent time. In the course of routine pregnancy assessment using USS, some pregnant women will request to know the sex of their unborn babies. Their reasons for wanting to know the gender of their baby could be either for social reason like planning for an unborn child or their desire for a preferred gender.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate gender preferences and disclosure of foetal sex at prenatal USS.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the antenatal clinic of Central Hospital Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 235 consecutive consenting women who came for antenatal care (ANC) registration were recruited for the study after obtaining their informed written consent. Questionnaire was used to seek for their sociodemographic characteristics, preference and desires for foetal gender disclosure, reasons for gender disclosure, and awareness of USS accuracy for gender determination.

RESULTS: The desire to know the sex of baby was high (99.6%). The major reason for wanting to know the sex of baby was to plan for the unborn child (47.7%) and maternal curiosity (37.0%). Majority of the women (57.4%) had no gender preference. Sixty percent (60%) were not aware that USS sex diagnosis could be wrong.

CONCLUSION: There is a strong desire by pregnant women to know the sex of their babies at routine USS. Considering the fact that many of the women were not aware that there could be wrong diagnosis at prenatal ultrasound, it is suggested that adequate counselling be given before fetal sex disclosure.

PMID:38679768 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_696_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):455-459. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_622_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traditional medicine is a constellation of practices, approaches, knowledge, and beliefs, which encompass material-based medicines, spiritual therapies, and manual techniques applied individually or combined.

AIM: This study seeks to determine the cost and visual status of traditional eye treatments users among new patients at a health facility.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is part of the study titled “Traditional eye practices: A facility-based study in North Central Nigeria.” It is a cross-sectional, facility-based study conducted between July 2013 and June 2014 on new patients seen in the eye unit of Church of Christ in the Nations Rehabilitation Center, Mangu. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to gather information on patient demographics; cost of traditional eye medication and manipulations and visual status of new patients were recorded.

RESULTS: The use of traditional eye treatment was reported by 134 (4.3%) of the 3113 new patients. Traditional operative couching of lens was more expensive than using traditional eye medications (P < 0.001). Payment modality varied, and poor visual status was significantly higher among traditional eye treatment users (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Since most respondents who had their eyes couched or used traditional eye medicine were able to pay such high price with dissatisfaction and poorer visual status, they should be able to pay for modern cataract surgery with good outcome. There is a need for health education of the general public about the deleterious effects of traditional eye treatment.

PMID:38679767 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_622_23

Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):448-454. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_559_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Root coverage procedures are very technique sensitive and require patients’ compliance for successful treatment outcomes. Post operative complications can influence patients’ acceptance of treatment and compromise further periodontal maintenance.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of complications after a modified coronally advanced flap procedure.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 78 modified coronally advanced flap procedures were performed in 42 patients for root coverage. Duration of surgical procedure, history of smoking, gender, and age were recorded for each patient. A questionnaire was given to every patient to fill in at first post operative week regarding their experience of postoperative pain, swelling, and bleeding.

RESULTS: Pain and duration of surgery had a correlation (OR: 1.05, P < 0.05). Post operative bleeding was significantly correlated with duration of surgery (OR: 1.03, P < 0.05). Current smokers experienced post operative swelling (P < 0.05). However, post operative pain in current smokers was not significantly different (P > 0.05) as compared to nonsmokers. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean and standard deviations. Odd’s ratio was obtained to evaluate risk indicators for moderate to severe types of complications. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.

CONCLUSIONS: The duration of the surgery, long duration, and the presence of smoking can increase the frequency and severity of post operative complications.

PMID:38679766 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_559_23