Category: Nevin Manimala

Psychiatr Pol. 2024 Feb 28;58(1):7-24. doi: 10.12740/PP/161864. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Anxiety disorders are significant predictors of suicidality and are proposed to be independent risk factors for suicide attempts. They are common in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are associated with longer duration of diabetes and poorer treatment outcomes. The aim was to examine associations between anxiety disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviour in people with T2DM, to establish the prevalence of suicidality among people with T2DM in the selected European countries and to examine whether anxiety disorders were predictive of current outcomes of suicidality in this population using data from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression study.

METHODS: The study sample comprised 1063 adults with T2DM from 6 European countries. The presence of anxiety disorders and suicidality was assessed with the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The group of participants with current suicidal risk was compared with the group of participants with no suicidal risk.

RESULTS: The participants from Germany were more likely to report suicidality than those from other countries, whereas people from Serbia and Ukraine were less likely to report it. Depression and anxiety disorders significantly contributed to the increased presence of suicidality among people with T2DM. Agoraphobia was a significant predictor of suicidality when controlling for depression. The participants with T2DM and comorbid agoraphobia had 4.86 times higher odds to report suicidality than those without agoraphobia.

CONCLUSIONS: Agoraphobia was a significant predictor of suicidality in people with T2DM.

PMID:38852182 | DOI:10.12740/PP/161864

Oral Dis. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/odi.15014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers’ matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with periodontitis.

METHODS: A total of 120 participants aged 25-55 were categorized into three groups: MetS with periodontitis (n = 40); systemically healthy with periodontitis (n = 40); and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (n = 40). Data collected included systemic parameters like waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Periodontal parameters estimated included bleeding on probing score (BoP), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the number of missing teeth. Unstimulated whole saliva was analyzed via ELISA for active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), total MMP-8 (tMMP-8), and MPO.

RESULTS: Participants with MetS and periodontitis exhibited significantly higher periodontal parameters, salivary aMMP-8, and MPO (26.26 vs. 24.1 ng/mL and 13.53 vs. 11.55 ng/mL compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients) (all p < 0.01). Positive correlations occurred between aMMP-8 and WC, TG, and FBS (p < 0.01), and between MPO and WC, BP, and TG (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The positive associations between these biomarkers and metabolic parameters indicate their potential utility for monitoring cardiovascular and glycemic risk in patients with periodontal disease.

PMID:38852177 | DOI:10.1111/odi.15014

Magn Reson Med. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1002/mrm.30184. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Multiparametric arterial spin labeling (MP-ASL) can quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial cerebral blood volume (CBV_a). However, its accuracy is compromised owing to its intrinsically low SNR, necessitating complex and time-consuming parameter estimation. Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer a solution to these limitations. Therefore, we aimed to develop simulation-based DNNs for MP-ASL and compared the performance of a supervised DNN (DNN_Sup), physics-informed unsupervised DNN (DNN_Uns), and the conventional lookup table method (LUT) using simulation and in vivo data.

METHODS: MP-ASL was performed twice during resting state and once during the breath-holding task. First, the accuracy and noise immunity were evaluated in the first resting state. Second, CBF and CBV_a values were statistically compared between the first resting state and the breath-holding task using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Cliff’s delta. Finally, reproducibility of the two resting states was assessed.

RESULTS: Simulation and first resting-state analyses demonstrated that DNN_Sup had higher accuracy, noise immunity, and a six-fold faster computation time than LUT. Furthermore, all methods detected task-induced CBF and CBV_a elevations, with the effect size being larger with the DNN_Sup (CBF, p = 0.055, Δ = 0.286; CBV_a, p = 0.008, Δ = 0.964) and DNN_Uns (CBF, p = 0.039, Δ = 0.286; CBV_a, p = 0.008, Δ = 1.000) than that with LUT (CBF, p = 0.109, Δ = 0.214; CBV_a, p = 0.008, Δ = 0.929). Moreover, all the methods exhibited comparable and satisfactory reproducibility.

CONCLUSION: DNN_Sup outperforms DNN_Uns and LUT with respect to estimation performance and computation time.

PMID:38852172 | DOI:10.1002/mrm.30184

Oral Dis. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/odi.15028. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is considered a clinically distinct entity from other oral leucoplakias (OLs) due to its clinical presentation and evolution. However, molecular differences between them remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether there are methylation differences between PVL and other forms of OLs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral biopsies from 12 patients with PVL, eight patients with homogeneous leucoplakia (HL), and 10 healthy individuals were obtained for a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis via the Infinium EPIC Platform.

RESULTS: A total of 1815 differentially methylated CpGs were found between PVL and HL, with a prominent state of hypermethylation in HL patients. CpGs covered 813 genes with distinct roles, including cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and cell and synaptic signaling. 43% of these genes had been previously described in cancer and associated with prognosis. We developed a multinomial logistic regression model able to differentiate HL, PVL, and control samples. The model had a cross-validated estimate of 73% and included differentially methylated cancer-related genes between the pathological conditions and the healthy donors, including ADNP, BRCA2, CDK13, GNB1, NIN, NUMB, PIK3C2B, PTK2, SHISA4, THSD7B, WWP1, and ZNF292. It also included CpGs covering differentially methylated genes in HL (MEN1 and TNRC6B) and PVL (ACOXL, ADH1B, CAMTA1, CBFA2T3, CPXM2, LRFN2, SORCS2, and SPN).

CONCLUSIONS: PVL and HL present differential methylation patterns that could be linked to their differential clinical behavior. Our findings show the potential of methylation markers and suggest novel diagnostic biomarkers.

PMID:38852153 | DOI:10.1111/odi.15028

Int J Dent Hyg. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/idh.12838. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air polishing with sodium bicarbonate and erythritol powders on surface roughness and morphological changes in titanium abutments.

METHODS: A total of 45 grade V titanium discs were divided in three groups: Group A (Control) air polished with air/water; Group B, air polished with sodium bicarbonate powder; and Group C, air polished with erythritol powder. After air polishing, the samples’ roughness (S_a) in micrometres were analysed with an optical profilometer. The samples’ surface morphology study was conducted via scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Data were described using mean and standard deviation of roughness values (S_a). Inferential analysis was performed using the ANOVA multiple comparison test followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Both tests used a 5% level of significance.

RESULTS: After air polishing, average roughness of group A, B and C were 0.036, 0.046 and 0.037 μm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups A and B (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between group A and group C, as well as between group B and C (p > 0.05). As for the morphology analysis, damages to the titanium surface were only observed in group B.

CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that air polishing with erythritol powder maintains titanium abutment integrity better than sodium bicarbonate, which increased surface roughness and caused damage. Erythritol is preferable for minimizing surface alterations and maintaining morphological stability.

PMID:38852151 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12838

Int J Dent Hyg. 2024 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/idh.12835. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The effects of air-polishing on exposed root dentin surfaces are largely unknown, as there are only few studies which show heterogeneous results. Thus, this study was to investigate roughness changes of exposed dentin surfaces after air-polishing and the influence of subsequent polishing with cup and paste.

METHODS: Totally 54 teeth with exposed root dentin surfaces were treated using a split-mouth design by either air-polishing with erythritol and a rubber cup with polishing paste on the test side, or rubber cup and paste alone. Teeth were finally cleaned using a sonic tooth brush. Impressions were taken at relevant time points and replicated using epoxy resin. The resulting casts were profilometrically analysed to obtain the average surface roughness (sR_a) and maximum peak-to-valley height (sR_z), which are given as the mean ± standard deviation in μm.

RESULTS: After air-polishing, in comparison to the baseline, there was a slight but significant increase in sR_a (0.168 ± 0.143, p < 0.001), but sR_z did not change (-0.471 ± 4.857, p = 0.936). Subsequent polishing with cup and paste and cleaning with a sonic toothbrush did not reduce the surface roughness (sonic toothbrush-air-polishing, sR_a -0.044 ± 0.081, p = 0.218; sR_z -0.551 ± 3.563, p = 0.903).

CONCLUSION: The use of erythritol led to a slight increase in the roughness of the dentin surface, which was not reduced by polishing with a cup and paste. Polishing paste did not seem to conceal surface irregularities.

PMID:38852146 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12835

Orv Hetil. 2024 Jun 9;165(23):900-907. doi: 10.1556/650.2024.33063. Print 2024 Jun 9.

ABSTRACT

Bevezetés: A prehospitális betegellátás minden színtere más és más megterhelést ró a dolgozók testi és lelki egészségére. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja volt összevetni a földi, a légi- és a vízimentők stresszterhelését és egyéb rizikófaktorait. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti vizsgálat történt a 2022. augusztus–októberi időszakban. Nem véletlenszerű, kényelmi mintaválasztást követően az adatgyűjtés önkéntes alapon, az Országos Mentőszolgálat Vas vármegyei mentőállomásain (n = 70), a Magyar Légimentő Nonprofit Kft. bázisain (n = 24) és a Vízimentők Magyarországi Szakszolgálatánál (n = 25) anonim, online kérdőív segítségével zajlott. A Rövid Stressz Kérdőív (Purebl és Rózsa, 2006) mellett szociodemográfiai mutatókra, munkavégzésre, káros szenvedélyekre, sportolásra és mentálhigiénés szokásokra kérdeztünk rá. Eredmények: A minta (n = 119) stresszterhelése alacsonynak volt mondható (átlag 9,79 ± 5,38), melyet nem befolyásolt a munkavégzés színtere (p = 0,064). A legjelentősebb stresszről a földi (10,17 ± 5,57 pont), míg a legcsekélyebbről a légimentők (9,08 ± 4,86 pont) számoltak be. A „nagy fokú” és az „igen jelentős” stresszkategóriába tartozott az Országos Mentőszolgálat dolgozóinak több mint 50%-a (p = 0,987). Nagyobb stresszterhelést mutattak a nők (p = 0,008), az egyedül élők (p = 0,006) és a gyermektelenek (p<0,001). Minél több esetet látott el egy műszak alatt (p = 0,008), minél megterhelőbbnek érezte a műszakokat (p<0,001), és minél kevésbé érezte magát szakmailag felkészültnek (p<0,001) egy válaszadó, annál nagyobb volt a stresszterhelése. Következtetés: A mentésben dolgozókat érő stressz mértékében és az előforduló rizikó-magatartások tekintetében nem volt ugyan számottevő különbség földön, vízen és/vagy levegőben, az eredmények rávilágítottak, hogy a munkaterhelés mértékét tekintve a földi mentésben tevékenykedők szoros nyomon követést igényelnek a stresszterhelés és a megküzdés szempontjából. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(23): 900–907.

PMID:38852145 | DOI:10.1556/650.2024.33063

Trop Biomed. 2024 Mar 1;41(1):78-83. doi: 10.47665/tb.41.1.010.

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed at exploring whether sunlight exposure might account for the relative difference in COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality between tropical and non-tropical countries. A retrospective observational study was designed and data from the World Health Organization weekly COVID-19 epidemiological update was compiled. We examined the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population, as well as the total number of COVID-19-related mortalities per 100 000 population. Solar variables data were obtained from the Global Solar Atlas website (https://globalsolaratlas.info/). These data were analyzed to determine the association of sunlight exposure to COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in tropical and non-tropical countries. Results revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population (P<0.001), as well as the number of COVID-19-related mortalities per 100 000 population (P<0.001) between tropical and non-tropical countries. Analyses of sunlight exposure data found that specific photovoltaic power output, global horizontal irradiation, diffuse horizontal irradiation and global tilted irradiation at optimum angle were significantly inversely correlated to COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. This suggests that stronger sunlight exposure potentially leads to lower COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Findings from this study suggest that the relatively low COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in tropical countries were possibly due to better sunlight exposure that translates into adequate vitamin D status.

PMID:38852137 | DOI:10.47665/tb.41.1.010

Trop Biomed. 2024 Mar 1;41(1):52-63. doi: 10.47665/tb.41.1.007.

ABSTRACT

In tropical regions, numerous tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) play a crucial role as causative agents of infectious diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the population of companion and pet dogs has significantly increased in Vietnam; however, information on the occurrence of TBPs is still limited. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the occurrence rate, risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of TBPs in dogs from northern Vietnam. Of 341 blood samples tested by PCR, the total infection of TBPs was 73.9% (252/341). Babesia vogeli (18SrRNA gene – 30.5%) was detected most frequently in studied dogs followed by Rickettsia spp. (OmpA gene – 27%), Anaplasma platys (groEL gene – 22%), Bartonella spp. (16SrRNA – 18.8%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (16SrRNA – 9.4%) and Hepatozoon canis (18SrRNA gene – 1.2%), respectively. All samples were negative for Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophylum. Co-infection was detected in 31.4% of the samples (107/341) of which, A. platys/Bartonella spp. (34/94,10%), Rickettsia spp./B. vogeli (19/94, 5.6%), and M. haemocanis/B. vogeli (19/94, 5.6%) were recorded as the three most frequent two species of co-infection types. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between TBP infection and several host variables regarding age, breed, and living area in the current study. The recent findings reported herein, for the first time in Vietnam, are essential for local veterinarians when considering the appropriate approaches for diagnosing these diseases. Furthermore, this data can be used to establish control measures for future surveillance and prevention strategies against canine TBPs in Vietnam.

PMID:38852134 | DOI:10.47665/tb.41.1.007

J Perianesth Nurs. 2024 Jun 8:S1089-9472(24)00041-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2024.01.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine if postanesthesia forced-air warming as a nonpharmacologic intervention for emergence delirium (ED)/emergence agitation (EA) decreased the incidence and severity of ED in children aged 18 months to 6 years old.

DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial.

METHODS: Participants included children aged 18 months to 6 years old receiving general anesthesia within a radiation oncology setting. Status of ED/EA was based on the participants’ Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale score (two consecutive scores greater than 10 out of 20) or inconsolable agitation behaviors post computed tomography simulation (day 0). Interrater reliability was conducted among the center’s perianesthesia care nurses. Participants who scored positive for ED/EA received a forced-air warming blanket for the remainder of treatment with data collection 1 to 14 days postanesthesia. Non-ED/EA participants were followed for 14 days and provided forced-air warming if ED/EA occurred. Data consisted of daily PAED scores and self- or parent-report on the anxiety scale. If the participants received forced-air warming, nurses’ clinical observations and parent satisfaction surveys were collected 3 times during the 14-day study period.

FINDINGS: A total of 59 participants completed the study (mean age 3.43 years; 60% male; 63% non-Hispanic White); 16 were identified with ED or EA (mean age 3.56 years; 50% male; 69% non-Hispanic White) with an incidence rate of 28%. For the 16 participants with ED/EA, the primary diagnosis consisted of solid tumors and an American Society of Anesthesia Classification III to IV. Prior to the forced-air warming intervention, all 16 participants exhibited inconsolable ED/EA behaviors, including 8 who had PAED scores greater than 10. ED/EA behaviors expressed included inconsolability, confusion, thrashing, and combativeness. Within the 14-day period, 3 participants received forced-air warming on day 1, while the other 13 received an average of 4.23 days of treatment (range 1 to 11 days; mode 1 day; median 4 days). Comparison of PAED scores pre (mean 4.4) and post (mean 1.8) indicated that the use of forced-air warming was statistically significant (P = .001). ED/EA behaviors and PAED scores after the forced-air warming period decreased in all but one participant. Some agitation behaviors were not captured within the PAED score.

CONCLUSIONS: Forced-air warming impacted PAED scores and agitation behaviors for studied participants, offering a safe, nonpharmacological nursing intervention that may be an effective tool for helping to manage this baffling condition.

PMID:38852105 | DOI:10.1016/j.jopan.2024.01.021