Category: Nevin Manimala

Diabet Med. 2022 Oct 21:e14986. doi: 10.1111/dme.14986. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This cohort study, based on Danish health registers, examined the post-acute consequences of hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and uncertain type of diabetes.

METHODS: The study population comprised all Danish citizen (≥ 18 years old) who had diabetes when the pandemic started. A patient was exposed if he/she had a hospitalization with COVID-19 after 1 March 2020. A patient was unexposed when he/she was not hospitalized with COVID-19 between 1 March 2020 and end of follow-up (4 January 2022), or first registered event of interest. The outcomes included post COVID-19 hospitalizations and death. We used a Cox proportional hazards model estimating the hazards ratio (HR) to analyze if the hazard for an outcome of interest was impacted by being hospitalized with COVID-19.

RESULTS: In patients with type 1 diabetes, 101 were hospitalized with COVID-19, and 25,459 were not. We did not have sufficient statistical power to identify differences in risk for those with type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, 1,515 were hospitalized with COVID-19, and 95,887 were not. The adjusted HRs of post-acute hospitalization for respiratory diseases and infections were 1.71 (95% CI 1.45-2.03) and 1.87 (95% CI 1.61-2.18), respectively. The HR of death was 2.05 (95% CI 1.73-2.43). Patients with uncertain type had results similar to those with type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In type 2 diabetes, and diabetes of uncertain type, hospitalization with COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of post-acute hospitalization for respiratory diseases, infections, and death.

PMID:36271495 | DOI:10.1111/dme.14986

Nurs Open. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1428. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To clarify the details of mothers’ employment status after the completion of their child’s cancer treatment.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional exploratory study.

METHODS: Data are collected from 62 mothers of childhood cancer survivors using self-report questionnaires. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the statistical significance of factors between the mothers who worked and those who did not work after their child’s cancer treatment had been completed.

RESULTS: Thirty-two mothers worked after the completion of their child’s cancer treatment. There were significant differences in age, education level, employment status at the diagnosis and time elapsed since the diagnosis between the working mothers and non-working mothers. Twenty-two non-working mothers reported that they had some motivation to work, but the most common reason for not working was “To nurse or care for the child with cancer”. Some mothers also stated that they did not work due to anxiety about cancer recurrence.

PMID:36271482 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1428

J Med Virol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28248. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

With increased transmissibility and novel transmission mode, monkeypox poses new threats to global public health in the background of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical estimates of the serial interval, a key epidemiological characteristic of an infectious disease, could provide insight into the virus transmissibility. So far, little is known about the serial interval of the monkeypox. Estimation of serial interval relies on contact tracing data, which is limited for the monkeypox epidemics. In this study, we proposed a statistical method applying on a limited contact tracing data to estimate the serial interval of the monkeypox. Public-available contact tracing data of global monkeypox cases were collected and 21 infector-infectee transmission pair was identified. We estimated a mean serial interval of 5.6 days with right truncation and sampling bias adjusted and calculated the reproduction number of 1.33 for the current global monkeypox outbreaks. Our proposed statistical models provided a preliminary understanding on the transmission potential of the current monkeypox outbreaks. Our analysis highlights the need for continuous surveillance on the monkeypox transmissibility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36271480 | DOI:10.1002/jmv.28248

Malar J. 2022 Oct 21;21(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04320-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The use of synthetic insecticides against mosquitoes may lead to resistance development and potential health hazards in humans and the environment. Consequently, a paradigm needs to shift towards the alternative use of botanical insecticides that could strengthen an insecticide resistance management programme. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal effects aqueous, hexane, and methanol crude leaf extracts of Calpurnia aurea, Momordica foetida, and Zehneria scabra on an insectary colony of Anopheles stephensi larvae and adults.

METHODS: Fresh leaves of C. aurea, M. foetida and Z. scabra were collected and dried, then separately ground to powder. Powdered leaves of test plants were extracted using sonication with aqueous, hexane, and methanol solvents. The extracts were concentrated, and a stock solution was prepared. For comparison, Temephos (Abate®) and control solutions (a mixture of water and emulsifier) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Different test concentrations for the larvae and the adults were prepared and tested according to WHO (2005) and CDC (2010) guidelines to determine lethal concentration (LC) values. Mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. The statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (Kruskal-Wallis test) and R software (a generalized linear model was used to determine LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of the extracts).

RESULTS: The lowest LC₅₀ values were observed in aqueous extracts of M. foetida followed by Z. scabra extract and C. aurea leaves at 34.61, 35.85, and 38.69 ppm, respectively, against the larvae. Larval mortality was not observed from the hexane extracts and negative control, while the standard larvicide (temephos) achieved 100% mortality. Further, the adulticidal efficacy was greatest for aqueous extract of Z. scabra with LC₅₀ = 176.20 ppm followed by aqueous extract of C. aurea (LC₅₀ = 297.75 ppm).

CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the leaf extracts of the three test plants have the potential of being used for the control of vector An. stephensi larvae and adult instead of synthetic mosquitocides. Further studies need to be conducted to identify the active ingredients and their mode of action.

PMID:36271447 | DOI:10.1186/s12936-022-04320-5

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2022 Oct 21;20(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12969-022-00751-1.

ABSTRACT

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with rheumatologic diseases are at high risk for poor outcomes and gaps in care when transitioning from pediatric to adult care. However, tools for evaluating transition readiness and assessing the impact of transition interventions are limited. We implemented a written transition policy at our pediatric rheumatology center and evaluated preparation for transition among AYA 16 and older before and after distribution. 31 of 77 patients completed the follow-up survey (response rate 40%). Patient report of transition counseling increased following written transition policy implementation, though these results were not statistically significant in our small cohort. Most follow-up respondents (n = 19, 61%) had not yet completed care transfer; 4 (13%) had arranged a visit with an adult rheumatologist and 8 (26%) had fully transitioned to adult care. Those who successfully completed care transfer were older, had completed higher levels of education, and had significantly higher baseline transition preparation scores compared to those with no transfer arranged or planned visit only. Our single-center pilot study demonstrated that longitudinal assessment of transition preparation is feasible and that scores are significantly associated with care transfer outcomes. Tracking transition preparation over time may provide practices with information on areas of highest need for transition guidance and predict successful transfer among AYA with rheumatologic disease.

PMID:36271446 | DOI:10.1186/s12969-022-00751-1

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2022 Oct 21;14(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s13098-022-00925-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of long-acting insulin analogues, compared to intermediate acting neutral protamine Hagedron (NPH), on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes.

METHODS: Studies for inclusion in the review were identified using a structured search strategy in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) database. Studies that were randomized controlled trials or observational in design were considered for inclusion. Eligible studies should have compared the maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes between pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) managed by intermediate acting (NPH) and by long-acting insulin analogues. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA software.

RESULTS: We found 17 studies to be eligible for inclusion. The mean gestational weight gain and risk of maternal hypoglycaemia, hypertensive disorder, caesarean delivery, spontaneous abortion, endometritis and wound infection or dehiscence were similar among pregnant women with GDM managed using long-acting insulin analogues and NPH. Those receiving long-acting insulin analogues had significantly lower HbA1c values in the second (WMD – .09, 95% CI 0.12, – 0.06; N = 4) and third trimester (WMD – 0.08, 95% CI – 0.14, – 0.02; N = 12). The mean gestational age and birth weight and risk of perinatal mortality, prematurity, large for gestational age, small for gestational age, shoulder dystocia and congenital abnormalities was similar among babies in both groups. No statistically significant differences in risk of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, respiratory distress, neonatal hypoglycaemia, 5 min APGAR score of < 7, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and sepsis was observed. The quality of pooled evidence, as per GRADE criteria, was judged to be “very low” for all the maternal and neonatal outcomes considered.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest no significant differences in the maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes between intermediate and long-acting insulin analogues. The results provide support for use of long-acting insulin analogues in women with GDM. However, evidence is still needed from high quality randomized controlled trials to arrive at a recommendation for inclusion in routine clinical care.

PMID:36271431 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-022-00925-7

Parasit Vectors. 2022 Oct 21;15(1):380. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05519-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Microbial communities can affect disease risk by interfering with the transmission or maintenance of pathogens in blood-feeding arthropods. Here, we investigated whether bacterial communities vary between Ixodes ricinus nymphs which were or were not infected with horizontally transmitted human pathogens.

METHODS: Ticks from eight forest sites were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and their microbiomes were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Tick bacterial communities clustered poorly by pathogen infection status but better by geography. As a second approach, we analysed variation in tick microorganism community structure (in terms of species co-infection) across space using hierarchical modelling of species communities. For that, we analysed almost 14,000 nymphs, which were tested for the presence of horizontally transmitted pathogens B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum, and N. mikurensis, and the vertically transmitted tick symbionts Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsiella spp., Spiroplasma ixodetis, and Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii.

RESULTS: With the exception of Rickettsiella spp., all microorganisms had either significant negative (R. helvetica and A. phagocytophilum) or positive (S. ixodetis, N. mikurensis, and B. burgdorferi s.l.) associations with M. mitochondrii. Two tick symbionts, R. helvetica and S. ixodetis, were negatively associated with each other. As expected, both B. burgdorferi s.l. and N. mikurensis had a significant positive association with each other and a negative association with A. phagocytophilum. Although these few specific associations do not appear to have a large effect on the entire microbiome composition, they can still be relevant for tick-borne pathogen dynamics.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we propose that M. mitochondrii alters the propensity of ticks to acquire or maintain horizontally acquired pathogens. The underlying mechanisms for some of these remarkable interactions are discussed herein and merit further investigation. Positive and negative associations between and within horizontally and vertically transmitted symbionts.

PMID:36271430 | DOI:10.1186/s13071-022-05519-w

BMC Chem. 2022 Oct 21;16(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13065-022-00869-z.

ABSTRACT

Modafinil (MDF) is one of the neurostimulants with a potential effect in the COVID-19 ICU ventilated patients and post-COVID neurological syndrome treatment. Four rapid, simple and cost-effective stability indicating spectrophotometric methods were used for estimation of MDF in the presence of its acidic degradation product, namely; ratio difference (RD), first derivative of the ratio spectra (¹DD), mean centering (MCR) and ratio subtraction method (RS). These methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and all methods revealed a good linearity in concentration range of (5-30 µg/mL) in addition to a good accuracy and precision with mean percentage recovery of 99.97 ± 0.305 for (RD), 100.10 ± 0.560 for (¹DD), 100.02 ± 0.483 for (MCR) & 99.18 ± 1.145 for (RS) method. Specificity of the proposed methods was assessed and MDF was determined in the presence of up to 80% of its acidic degradation product for RD, ¹DD, MCR and RS methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of MDF in bulk powder and its tablet dosage form with mean percentage recovery of 100.33 ± 0.915 for (RD), 100.62 ± 0.985 for (¹DD), 99.70 ± 0.379 for (MCR) and 100.21 ± 0.313 for (RS) method. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of official HPLC method and showed no significant difference with relevance accuracy and precision.

PMID:36271411 | DOI:10.1186/s13065-022-00869-z

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2022 Oct 22. doi: 10.1007/s00384-022-04265-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Between people with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there was no statistically significant difference in the probability of contracting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the risk of adverse outcomes in IBD patients after virus infection remains unclear.

METHODS: Eligible studies conducted from January 1, 2020 to March 17, 2022 were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Information was collected in tables from the included studies. Random-effects and fixed-effects models were used as measures for the pooled estimates. All data were estimated by R version 4.1.3.

RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were included. The risk ratio (RR) of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients with IBD increased by 32% (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06-1.66) relative to COVID-19 patients without IBD. The RR of mortality was higher in COVID-19 patients with IBD from Europe (RR 1.72; 95% CI 1.11-2.67) than in those that were not from Europe (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.79-1.26; χ² = 4.67; P = 0.03). Patients with ulcerative colitis were at higher risk of adverse outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection than patients with Crohn’s disease patients (RR1.38; 95% CI 1.27-1.50). The IBD drugs treatment was associated with the risk of adverse outcomes, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of mesalazine (1.79; 95% CI 1.59-2.02), immunomodulators (1.30; 95% CI 1.10-1.53), and anti-TNF (0.47; 95% CI 0.41-0.53) were assessed.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients with IBD had an increased risk of adverse outcomes than those without IBD, whereas anti-TNF treatment might reduce the risk.

PMID:36271206 | DOI:10.1007/s00384-022-04265-w

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s40520-022-02275-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Apathy remains a common and problematic neuropsychiatric feature associated with Parkinson’s disease resulting in reductions in health-related quality of life, and effective treatments remain elusive. Meaning in life (MIL) has been implicated in a variety of positive health outcomes, and this study assesses the relationship between apathy and MIL while hoping to identify a potential new interventional target.

METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 237 PwPD completed surveys to evaluate MIL and a variety of non-motor symptoms (NMS), and a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships of interest.

RESULTS: Correlational analysis indicated the presence of meaning in life was statistically negatively and moderately to strongly correlated with apathy (r = – 0.60, p < .001). Hierarchical regression analysis results showed that presence of meaning in life explained a total of 48% of variance in apathy. More specifically, the presence of meaning in life (β = – 0.43, p < .001) was associated with apathy after controlling for sociodemographic and other potentially confounding variables.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the significant negative relationship between MIL and apathy. Considering the lack of effective treatments for apathy, which is one of the most disabling symptoms affecting PwPD, identifying a potential target for intervention is exciting. MIL has the potential to offer clinicians a novel intervention to provide a much-needed treatment option to improve both apathy and HRQoL.

PMID:36271201 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-022-02275-w