Category: Nevin Manimala

Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2023 Oct 18. doi: 10.1089/ther.2023.0056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of rectal administration of Reduning injection in feverish rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and observe the temperature changes and inflammatory indexes. The selected rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 10 rats in each group, named as normal empty group, model group, intravenous group (2 mL/kg), low-dose enema group (1 mL/kg), middle-dose enema group (2 mL/kg), and high-dose enema group (4 mL/kg). The hourly temperature variations in rats injected with LPS in the abdomen were recorded. Five hours later, blood samples from the abdominal aorta were collected to monitor immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. At 5 hours, the fever peak induced by LPS appeared, and obvious antipyretic effects were observed; the effect was optimal in the medium dose enema group at 4 hours (p < 0.05); the IgM value in the enema groups, the intravenous group, and normal empty group was significantly lower than that in the model group; the IgA value in each group was higher than that in the model group, but there was no statistical significance (p > 0.05); values of IL-6 and TNF-α in each group were lower than those in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant except for the high-dose enema group (p > 0.05). Low-dose and medium-dose rectal administration of Reduning injection have inhibitory effects on IL-6, TNF-α, and IgM in feverish rats induced by LPS, but there is no obvious difference compared to intravenous administration and it could achieve an anti-inflammatory effect. There is a possibility of enhancing IgA immunity with rectal administration, but there is no obvious difference compared to intravenous administration, and rectal administration has no significant effect on mucosal immunity.

PMID:37851988 | DOI:10.1089/ther.2023.0056

J Glaucoma. 2023 Sep 27. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002314. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PRCIS: Reading results in rise in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) which is greater while using smartphones compared to printed text among healthy and medically controlled POAG individuals.

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of reading for 30 minutes using smart phone and printed text on intra-ocular pressure (IOP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 60 healthy volunteers and 22 medically controlled primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients were asked to perform reading tasks using printed text followed by digital (smartphone) text under standardised conditions. IOP assessment was done using rebound tonometer at baseline and subsequently at 10, 20 & 30 minutes of reading and 10 & 20 minutes post completion of reading tasks. IOP variations from baseline were measured and compared. Paired and Independent ‘T’ test analysis was performed to study IOP variations and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The mean baseline IOP among volunteers and POAG patients was 14.58 (± 2.91) and 15.02 (± 2.18) mmHg respectively. There was a rise in IOP in all participants with reading using either of the modalities which normalised after 20 minutes of cessation. There was a statistically significant difference in rise in IOP from baseline between the 2 modalities (printed text reading & smartphone reading) at 20 minutes {+0.78 & +2.01 (P=0.002)} & 30 minutes {+0.64 & +1.72 (P=0.004)} among healthy volunteers and at 20 minutes {+0.78 & +2.01 (P=0.002)} among POAG patients.

CONCLUSION: Reading is associated with rise in IOP in both healthy volunteers and POAG individuals. The IOP rise is more marked with smartphone compared to printed text reading.

PMID:37851972 | DOI:10.1097/IJG.0000000000002314

J Glaucoma. 2023 Oct 5. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002318. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PRECIS: Trabecular meshwork pigmentation is not correlated with angiographically determined aqueous humor outflow in an ex-vivo perfusion model using human eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether segmental trabecular meshwork (TM) pigmentation is correlated to segmental aqueous humor outflow (AHO) in human eyes.

METHODS: Post-mortem human eyes were acquired, and anterior segments were dissected. TM pigmentation was photographed 360-degrees around the eye. The anterior segments were then mounted onto a perfusion apparatus and perfused with DPBS until a stabile baseline outflow facility was achieved. Aqueous angiography (AHO angiography) was performed using fluorescein (2%), and segmental AHO was documented around the limbus using an angiographic camera (Spectralis HRA+OCT). Circumferential and nasal TM pigmentation were compared to respective angiographic outflow imaging using a Pearson’s correlation analysis.

RESULTS: Segmental TM pigment distribution and segmental AHO were seen. TM pigment was statistically greatest in the inferior quadrant. AHO angiographic outflow was numerically greatest in the nasal quadrant, but this was not statistically significant. No statistically significant correlation was observed (r=-0.083, P=0.06) between segmental TM pigmentation and segmental AHO angiographic signal. Analyzing just the nasal quadrant, a significant weak negative correlation was found (r=-0.296, P=0.001).

DISCUSSION: Segmental TM pigmentation circumferentially around the eye is not a good proxy for segmental AHO circumferentially around the eye and should not be used to guide trabecular minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries.

PMID:37851964 | DOI:10.1097/IJG.0000000000002318

Vet Q. 2023 Oct 18:1-34. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2272188. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, a post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application in a single closed tube, is the most straightforward method for simultaneous detection, genotyping, and mutation scanning, enabling more significant dynamic detection and sequencing-free turnaround time. This study aimed to establish a combined reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and HRM (RT-qPCR-HRM) assay for diagnosing and genotyping feline calicivirus (FCV). This developed method was validated with constructed FCV plasmids, clinical samples including nasal and oropharyngeal swabs from living cats, fresh-frozen lung tissues from necropsied cats, and four available FCV vaccines. We performed RT-qPCR to amplify a 99-base pair sequence, targeting a segment between open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2. Subsequently, the HRM assay was promptly applied using Rotor-Gene Q® Software. The results significantly revealed simultaneous detection and genetic discrimination between commercially available FCV vaccine strains, wild-type Thai FCV strains, and VS-FCV strains within a single PCR reaction. There was no cross-reactivity with other common viruses in cats, including feline herpesvirus-1, feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline morbillivirus. The detection limit of the assay was 6.18 × 10¹ copies/μl. The linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the C:G component percentage that presented the melting temperature shift of each strain typing pattern at 0.25 °C to 1% C:G alteration. This study, therefore, is the first demonstration of the uses and benefits of the RT-qPCR-HRM assay for FCV detection and strain differentiation in naturally infected cats.

PMID:37851857 | DOI:10.1080/01652176.2023.2272188

Libyan J Med. 2023 Dec;18(1):2266239. doi: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2266239. Epub 2023 Oct 18.

ABSTRACT

Workplace bullying is quite prevalent and has been linked to many health complaints. The relationship between workplace bullying and fatigue was documented in previous studies. However, knowledge on how this relationship develops with the interplaying factors of spirituality and gender was not investigated before especially among schoolteachers. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between workplace bullying and fatigue as moderated by spirituality and gender among schoolteachers in Lebanon. This is a cross-sectional study, where 215 schoolteachers aged 18 till 64 and employed for a minimum of 6 months were recruited through systematic sampling. Six private and six public schools in Beirut participated in the study. Online questionnaires using validated scales were used. Both simple and multiple ordinal logistic regression were performed for the statistical analysis. Results showed that workplace bullying is a predictor of fatigue with an odds ratio of 2.74 and p-value 0.008. Gender was found to be an effect modifier for this relationship, mainly among females (OR 2.66, p-value 0.047) but not among males. Anxiety and depression also predicted higher levels of fatigue (OR 5.75, p-value 0.017). Spirituality did not moderate this relationship.

PMID:37851853 | DOI:10.1080/19932820.2023.2266239

Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2269379. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2269379. Epub 2023 Oct 18.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies show that the intestinal flora is closely related to spinal cord injury. Many researchers are exploring the changes in the richness, diversity, and evenness of intestinal flora in spinal cord injury animal models to identify the characteristic bacteria.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using three databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A meta-analysis was performed using R 4.3.1 to evaluate the comparison of microbiota diversity, richness, and evenness and the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in animals with spinal cord injury and blank controls.

RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, of which 12 involved gut microbiota distribution indicators and 11 included intestinal microflora relative abundance indicators. Meta-analysis of high-dimensional indicators describing the distribution of the gut microbiota identified a substantial decline in the evenness and richness of the intestinal flora. In addition, the Actinobacteria phylum and Erysipelotrichales and Clostridiales orders were significantly different between the spinal cord injury and sham groups; therefore, they may be the characteristic bacteria in spinal cord injury models.

CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggested that the gut microbiota in the spinal cord injury animal model group was altered compared with that in the control group, with varying degrees of changes in richness and evenness and potentially pathogenic characteristic flora. More rigorous methodological studies are needed because of the high heterogeneity and limited sample size. Further research is needed to clinically apply intestinal microbiota and potentially guide fecal microbiota transplantation therapy.

PMID:37851840 | DOI:10.1080/07853890.2023.2269379

Sci Adv. 2023 Oct 20;9(42):eadk0531. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0531. Epub 2023 Oct 18.

ABSTRACT

The stereoselectivity of glycosidic bond formation continues to pose a noteworthy hurdle in synthesizing carbohydrates, primarily due to the simultaneous occurrence of S_N1 and S_N2 processes during the glycosylation reaction. Here, we applied an in-depth analysis of the glycosylation mechanism by using low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance and statistical approaches. A pathway driven by counterion exchanges and reaction byproducts was first discovered to outline the stereocontributions of intermediates. Moreover, the relative reactivity values, acceptor nucleophilic constants, and Hammett substituent constants (σ values) provided a general index to indicate the mechanistic pathways. These results could allow building block tailoring and reaction condition optimization in carbohydrate synthesis to be greatly facilitated and simplified.

PMID:37851803 | DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adk0531

Braz J Biol. 2023 Oct 13;83:e275161. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.275161. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Performance improvement is the main concept of development policy. Belief in strengthening and improving the performance of individuals and institutions in developing countries for success in development policy has gradually formed among development agents. Performance improvement at the individual level pays attention to individual needs in order to enhance performance. Development requires developed and trained people. Therefore, the better the human resources as wealth and national capital are cultivated, the smoother the development path will be. The dimensions of improving performance at the individual level include things such as abilities, needs, attitudes, psychology, motivations, talents and skills, which also raises the need for skill development. In this regard, the current research seeks to investigate the relationship between skill development and performance improvement in extension in Iranian agriculture. The statistical population includes agricultural jihad centers in five regions of the country (the division of the country’s provinces according to the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, where each region includes 6 provinces) which is 8142 people, and accordingly, Cochran’s formula was used to determine the sample size and the number of sample size 366 people were obtained. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the skill development measurement model, the performance improvement measurement model, and the skill development model. The research results show the significant relationship of all the indicators extracted from the interview in the structural equations.

PMID:37851776 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.275161

Codas. 2023 Oct 13;36(1):e20220251. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022251pt. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To develop an assessment protocol for speech motor planning with phonologically balanced stimuli for Brazilian Portuguese, including all necessary variables for this diagnosis.

METHODS: Three stages were carried out: In the first, word lists were built with the main criterion being syllabic and accentual patterns. From the survey conducted in Stage 1, the words that composed the first version of the protocol lists in Stage 2 were selected, and grouped into two fundamental tasks for diagnosing acquired apraxia of speech (AOS): repetition and Reading Aloud (RA). In Stage 3, the occurrence of words was investigated using the Brazilian Corpus (PUC-SP) – Linguateca database, and a statistical analysis was performed to verify if the repetition and RA lists were balanced in terms of the occurrences. Thus, the lists were distributed in quartiles and submitted to both descriptive and bivariate analyses. A significance level of 5% (p<0.05) was adopted.

RESULTS: After completion of all stages, the words that composed the lists of the repetition and RA tasks were obtained. Finally, other tasks considered essential for the assessment of AOS, such as diadochokinetic rates and the board for spontaneous oral emission, were then added to the protocol.

CONCLUSION: The developed protocol contains the tasks considered standard for the assessment of AOS according to the international literature, which makes this instrument important for diagnosing this disorder in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese.

PMID:37851756 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20232022251pt

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2023 Sep;120(9):e20230022. doi: 10.36660/abc.20230022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite reports of reduced physical fitness in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), no specific performance evaluations for activities of daily living have been conducted.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the activities of daily living, quality of life, posture, physical fitness and physical activity levels of children with CHD with healthy controls (HC).

METHODS: The study included 30 children aged 6-14 diagnosed with moderate or severe CHD and 30 age-sex-matched HC. The sociodemographic and clinical data of the participants were recorded. All participants went through several tests, namely the TGlittre-P test for activities of daily living, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for functional capacity, the Fitnessgram test battery for physical fitness, the hand dynamometer for measuring grip strength, the pedometer for measuring physical activity, and both the child and parents reported the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) for evaluating the quality of life, in addition to posture analyses. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Individuals with CHD had a longer TGlittre-P test completion time and a shorter 6MWT distance than HC (TGlittre-P: CHD 3.45 [3.24-4.02]min vs. HC 3.10 [2.57-3.23]min, 6MWT: CHD 514.00 [412.50-566.00]m vs. HC 591.50 [533.00-631.00]m). For the CHD group, sit-ups, push-ups, trunk lift, and sit-and-reach test scores within the Fitnessgram battery, grip strength, posture, and quality of life scores were lower than those for the HC group. Physical activity levels were similar in the groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The performance of activities of daily living, functional capacity, physical fitness, posture, and quality of life of children with moderate and severe CHD were affected compared to healthy peers.

PMID:37851733 | DOI:10.36660/abc.20230022