Category: Nevin Manimala

Am J Health Promot. 2022 Jun 19:8901171221109524. doi: 10.1177/08901171221109524. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To expand the reach of health-promotion efforts for people with disabilities, we piloted a health-coaching intervention with a disability-specific curriculum. We evaluated the intervention’s effects on health-related quality of life and health behavior change.

DESIGN: Mixed-methods research design using pre-post measures and semi-structured interviews.

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of community-dwelling adults with disabilities (n = 39).

INTERVENTION: Participants engaged in a curriculum-based health coaching intervention, titled Health My Way, which used weekly one-on-one coaching for up to 12 weeks.

METHODS: Participants completed pre- and post-intervention surveys including questions from the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) measure and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. A subset of participants completed in-depth interviews to explore how health coaching influences health behavior change (n = 12).

RESULTS: We found statistically significant effects on poor-health days due to physical and mental health, and effects on physical activity. We saw additional effects with engagement in relevant curriculum content. Qualitative main themes (tailoring of information, enthusiasm for personally meaningful goals, and social support) indicated processes by which health coaching supported health behavior changes.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study indicate health coaching appears to be effective for improving HRQOL and health behavior, especially physical activity, for people with disabilities. Apparent key factors include enthusiasm for personally meaningful goals, having tailored information, and social support.

PMID:35722956 | DOI:10.1177/08901171221109524

Autism. 2022 Jun 20:13623613221100787. doi: 10.1177/13623613221100787. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

School-age children, adolescents, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder encounter many different types of providers in their pursuit of treatment for anxiety, behavior problems, and social difficulties. These providers may all be familiar with different types of intervention practices. However, research has not yet investigated patterns in expert providers’ familiarity with different practices nor how these patterns are related to the characteristics of providers (years in practice, academic discipline, setting) and the youth (age and intellectual disability) they typically support. A panel of 53 expert transdisciplinary providers rated their familiarity with 55 intervention practices (derived from research and expert nominations) via an online Delphi poll. Advanced statistical methods were used to identify types of intervention practices with which providers were familiar, which included two approaches (cognitive and behavioral) and two strategies (engagement and accessibility). Providers who practiced outside a school setting or treated clients without intellectual disability were more familiar with cognitive approaches. Clinical psychologists, behavior analysts, and school-based providers were more familiar with behavioral approaches. Providers practicing outside school settings were also more familiar with engagement strategies, and providers with more years in practice were more familiar with accessibility strategies. These results may help families and researchers to better anticipate how services may vary depending on the types of autism spectrum disorder providers seen and work to reduce disparities in care that may result.

PMID:35722950 | DOI:10.1177/13623613221100787

J Adhes Dent. 2022 Jun 20;24(1):259-268. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.b3146833.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of primers on polymerization kinetics of resin-based luting and its effect on the microhardness and bond strength to zirconia. Materials and Methods: Panavia V5 (PV; Kuraray Noritake) with Tooth Primer (TPprimer; Kuraray Noritake) or Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CPprimer; Kuraray Noritake), and RelyX Ultimate (RU; 3M Oral Care) with Scotchbond Universal (SUadhesive; 3M Oral Care) were evaluated. Polymerization kinetics of luting materials with or without primers (TPprimer or SUadhesive) were evaluated using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy in self- and dual-curing modes (n = 5). Microhardness of luting materials was evaluated after 1, 12, and 24 h (n = 5). Shear bond strengths to zirconia ceramics (Katana Zirconia, Kuraray Noritake; and Lava Esthetic, 3M Oral Care) after 24 h and 1 year (n = 8) were assessed to determine the effect of the following surface treatments: no treatment, non-thermal atmospheric plasma, primer (CPprimer or SUadhesive), and the combination of plasma + primers. Statistical analyses were performed at a 5% significance level.

RESULTS: PV achieved a significantly higher degree of conversion (DC) when TPprimer was used, while there was no increase in conversion for RU combined with SUadhesive. Light activation significantly improved polymerization, which also produced greater microhardness. CPprimer and SUadhesive significantly improved immediate bond strength to zirconia ceramics. However, after 1 year, only SUadhesive with RU was able to maintain the bond strength. Plasma surface treatment did not improve bonding to zirconia.

CONCLUSION: The use of primers improved the DC for PV only. Light curing produced higher conversion and microhardness for both resin-based luting materials. Bond strength to zirconia was improved when primers were used. However, only RU demonstrated reliable long-term adhesion to zirconia.

PMID:35722936 | DOI:10.3290/j.jad.b3146833

Am Surg. 2022 Jun 19:31348221109451. doi: 10.1177/00031348221109451. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several studies have indicated a decline in the number, types, and complexity of surgical procedures within military treatment facilities (MTFs). This study aims to determine what effect, if any, these downward trends have had on the relationship between the military health system (MHS) and surgical graduate medical education.

METHODS: Graduating chief resident final ACGME case logs from 4 of thirteen military general surgery programs were evaluated from 2015 to 2020. The proportion of total cases performed by residents at military institutions were compared on a year over year basis.

RESULTS: The proportion of cases performed within the military hospitals declined 3.27% each year between 2015 and 2020 (P < .0001) in 4 MTFs. All individual hospitals had significant declines in case volume except one (William Beaumont Army Medical Center) which increased 6.05% with each year, but also increased the number of MTF partnerships within its program (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: There has been a statistically significant decline over time in the proportion of cases logged by residents within the studied military treatment facilities. Investment into military hospitals to increase case numbers, case diversity, and complexity and/or acceptance of this gradual decline with greater shifting of educational workload onto civilian hospitals is required.

PMID:35722906 | DOI:10.1177/00031348221109451

Microsc Microanal. 2022 Jun 20:1-10. doi: 10.1017/S1431927622000757. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, atomic resolution imaging of two-dimensional (2D) materials using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become routine. Individual dopant atoms in 2D materials can be located and identified using their contrast in annular dark-field (ADF) STEM. However, in order to understand the effect of these dopant atoms on the host material, there is now the need to locate and quantify them on a larger scale. In this work, we analyze STEM images of MoS₂ monolayers that have been ion-implanted with chromium at ultra-low energies. We use functions from the open-source TEMUL Toolkit to create and refine an atomic model of an experimental image based on the positions and intensities of the atomic columns in the image. We then use the refined model to determine the likely composition of each atomic site. Surface contamination stemming from the sample preparation of 2D materials can prevent accurate quantitative identification of individual atoms. We disregard atomic sites from regions of the image with hydrocarbon surface contamination to demonstrate that images acquired using contaminated samples can give significant atom statistics from their clean regions, and can be used to calculate the retention rate of the implanted ions within the host lattice. We find that some of the implanted chromium ions have been successfully integrated into the MoS₂ lattice, with 4.1% of molybdenum atoms in the transition metal sublattice replaced with chromium.

PMID:35722923 | DOI:10.1017/S1431927622000757

Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022 Jun;23(2):116-120. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.13.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aetiology of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is currently unclear. Over time, several aetiological hypotheses have come forward, including pre- and perinatal medical problems and postnatal illness. The aim of this case-control study is the identification of possible predisposing factors involved in MIH aetiology.

METHODS: Methods Study Design: By hypothesising the probability of at least one predisposing factor present 2.5 times more in MIH cases than in controls, with an estimated prevalence of MIH patients requiring therapy equal to 30%, at a unilateral alpha level of 5% and a power of 80%, 63 couples of subjects are needed with an allocation ratio of 1:1; individual matching for age and gender was carried out. After clinical examination, 78 children with MIH (EAPD criteria) were recruited (mean age 9.36 years). An anamnestic form filled-in by a parent was used to collect data on possible predisposing factors including demographic characteristics, pregnancy, birth, childhood medical illness and medications’ intake.

STATISTICS: One-tail McNemar chi square test was used to evaluate the significance of the association between predisposing factor and MIH; odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were computed.

CONCLUSION: A multifactorial aetiology may be advocated for MIH development; in particular, further investigations are required to confirm and clarify the role of genetic factors.

PMID:35722847 | DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.13

Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022 Jun;23(2):106-110. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.05.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), in particular disc displacement, are recognised to have a multifactorial aetiology. Ligamentous laxity has been suggested as a potential risk factor for TMD. Ligamentous laxity can lead to generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) involving multiple joints, including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of this work is to evaluate the correlation between GJH and disc displacement (DD) assessed on magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the TMJ in adolescent patients.

MATERIALS: The study was included 40 adolescent patients (10-16 years), divided into two groups, a Study Group (SG), composed of 20 subjects with GJH, and a Control Group (CG), composed of 20 subjects without GJH. The GJH was assessed by the Beighton test with a threshold value of ≥ 4. The severity of the TMD was determined using the Fonseca Questionnaire and a clinical evaluation of the type of TMD. The condylar-discal relationship and the condylar mobility of the TMJ were evaluated by MRI. Pearson’s χ2 Test was performed for the analysis of the statistical correlation.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that adolescents with GJH have a greater risk of developing TMJ disc displacement, especially disc displacement without reduction.

PMID:35722845 | DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.05

Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022 Jun;23(2):111-115. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.04.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Early extraction of first permanent molars (FPMs) is generally considered successful when the second permanent molar and premolar come into contact, regardless of whether the patient has a healthy occlusion. In this study, we aimed to investigate cases in which early extraction had a successful prognosis.

METHODS: Study design: Pre-extraction orthopantomograms of children whose one or more FPMs were extracted were examined retrospectively. Post-extraction parameters such as status of the extraction gap, any other diastema formation, and midline shift were evaluated clinically and radiographically. For the dental age estimations, development levels of the teeth were scored using the Demirjian method and the developmental status of a particular tooth was calculated in years based on tables given by Willems et al. [2001]. The ICON index was used to determine the orthodontic treatment needs of patients.

STATISTICS: Descriptive analyses and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for the statistical analysis of the data.

CONCLUSION: Early extraction of FPM should be considered successful when there is no formation of any other diastema in the relevant quadrant, midline shift, or orthodontic treatment needs due to extraction.

PMID:35722841 | DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.04

AIDS Care. 2022 Jun 19:1-6. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2089617. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTLimited research has evaluated sexual health promotion projects with adolescents living in Arctic regions. The study objective was to examine changes in STI knowledge and safer sex efficacy among youth in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada who participated in arts-based sexual health workshops. We used a pre/post-test design with a convenience sample of students aged 13-18 years recruited from 17 NWT communities. We conducted summary statistics and comparisons between pre and post-test scores using paired t-tests. Among participants (n = 610), we found statistically significant increases in STI knowledge overall (mean difference = 3.9; p < 0.001) and across gender and age stratifications. There were statistically significant increases in safer sex efficacy overall (mean difference = 0.9, p < 0.001), across genders, and among participants: aged <15 years, in rural communities, reporting food insecurity, reporting dating violence, and Indigenous youth. No statistically significant differences in safer sex efficacy were observed among participants who were aged ≥15, sexually active, reporting consistent condom use, and using drugs/alcohol. Findings signal the promise of youth-targeted, arts-based sexual health workshops for improving STI knowledge and safer sex efficacy among adolescents in the NWT. Further research can explore how safer sex efficacy may be shaped by age, substance use, and sexual experience to inform tailored interventions.

PMID:35722818 | DOI:10.1080/09540121.2022.2089617

Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Jun 19:1455613221107150. doi: 10.1177/01455613221107150. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify the differences in hearing, anatomical success rate, functional success rate, and complications between over-under tympanoplasty and medial tympanoplasty procedures.

METHODS: The clinical data of patients with tympanic membrane perforation repaired by medial tympanoplasty between January 2011 and December 2016 and by over-under tympanoplasty between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the differences between medial tympanoplasty and over-under tympanoplasty.

RESULTS: The overall success rate of over-under tympanoplasty was higher than that of medial tympanoplasty (90.76% vs 81.31%). In large perforations, the success rate of over-under tympanoplasty was higher than that of medial tympanoplasty (89.80% vs 71.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate between the two treatment groups for moderate perforations. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P = .2637).

CONCLUSIONS: Over-under tympanoplasty is more suitable for large perforations of the tympanic membrane and has a higher success rate as compared to medial tympanoplasty.

PMID:35722803 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221107150