Category: Nevin Manimala

Phys Sportsmed. 2026 Feb 20. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2026.2636506. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Horse riding is a common sport, but no study specifically addresses joint dislocations. The purpose of this study is to describe joint dislocations due to equines using a national emergency department (ED) database. Such data can be helpful in injury prevention strategies.

METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database for the years 2000-2023 was used. The NEISS database is a statistically representative sample of injuries seen in EDs across the US giving national estimates. Mechanism of injury was tabulated into groups: 1) did the patient fall from the horse 2) was the patient bucked, thrown, or kicked off of the horse, 3) was there equipment (tack) malfunction, 4) was the patient stepped on by the horse, 5) was the patient struck by/against an object, 6) was the patient kicked by the, 7) and others.

RESULTS: There were 625 dislocations which involved the shoulder (289, 46.2%), elbow (95, 15.2%), finger (85, 13.6%), acromioclavicular joint (48, 7.7%), patellofemoral joint (39, 4.8%), hip (22, 3.5%), pubic symphysis (16, 2.6%), and ankle (7, 1.1%). The average age was 41 years; 49.7% were male and 50.3% female. Mechanisms of injury were falling from the horse (54.1%), bucked/thrown off (27.7%), equipment malfunction (7.3%), stepped on by the horse (2.1%), struck by/against an object (1.9%), kicked (0.6%), and others (4.0%). Those with elbow dislocations were the youngest (average 32 years) and pubic symphysis the oldest (average 52 years) (p < 10^-4). Females had the highest percentage of patellofemoral dislocations (70.2%) and males the highest percentage of pubic symphysis dislocations (92.9%) (p = 0.0018).

CONCLUSION: Although joint dislocations due to equestrian activity are uncommon, the majority occurred in the upper extremity. Male/female involvement is equal, different than the typical female predominance in equestrian activity and overall equestrian related injuries.

PMID:41721521 | DOI:10.1080/00913847.2026.2636506

Biophys J. 2026 Feb 19:S0006-3495(26)00137-2. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2026.02.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Natural fluctuations in gene expression (“noise”) impact many cell processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Negative feedback gene circuits, a gene self-repressing its own transcription e.g. through protein binding, are often used to reduce the single-gene expression noise and control its impact on investigated phenomena. However, the detailed, quantitative understanding of how temporal and population-level noise is affected by natural mammalian gene expression processes and how this dependence is modified by transcriptional negative feedback is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive framework combining Live-cell Imaging of Single-Cell Arrays (LISCA) with likelihood-free inference methods to characterize stochastic gene expression in the time domain and at single-cell resolution. We investigate the temporal and population-level variability in protein levels driven by a negative feedback circuit and compare the results with constitutive expression where the feedback mechanism is broken. We use inferred kinetic rate parameters to validate several hybrid stochastic/deterministic models at their predictive capacity regarding Coefficient of Variation (CV) versus mean protein level relation. Our analysis shows significant differences between temporal and population-level noise profiles. We show how feedback strength and cooperativity quantitatively control not only mean protein levels per cell but also their variation range within cell population (CV_p) and across time in individual cells (CV_t).

PMID:41721509 | DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2026.02.017

Foot Ankle Int. 2026 Feb 20:10711007251413197. doi: 10.1177/10711007251413197. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasingly used as a motion-preserving alternative to ankle arthrodesis for end-stage ankle disease. The Salto Talaris fixed-bearing prosthesis was designed to enhance joint kinematics while minimizing bone resection and reducing complications seen in earlier implant generations. This study reports midterm clinical outcomes, including survivorship, complications, reoperation and failure rates in a large, single-surgeon cohort.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 1121 primary TAAs performed in 1023 patients (98 bilateral) between May 2008 and December 2022. Patients with a minimum of 2-year clinical follow-up were included and any patients who failed or passed away before then were accounted for. Data included demographics, comorbidities, preoperative ankle diagnosis, ancillary procedures, intra- and postoperative complications, and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs). Complications were identified and then classified by the Glazebrook system (low-, medium-, high-grade). Reoperations and revisions were coded according to the Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society reoperations coding system.

RESULTS: The mean age at the index TAA surgery was 65.5 (range, 28.7-94.4) years, with osteoarthritis being the most common diagnosis. The average follow-up was 5.5 (range, 2-17.2) years. Key PROMs showed statistically significant improvements from preoperative to latest follow‑up (Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey physical component summary, +10.1 [95% CI 8.83-10.77]; Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale [AOS] pain, -29.2 [95% CI 25.43-29.72]; AOS disability, -32.8 [95% CI 29.32-33.80]; visual analog scale for pain, -36.8 [95% CI 32.6-40.7]; all P < .001). Implant survivorship was 94.6% at the time of this report. A total of 240 ankles (21.4%) experienced at least 1 complication. Secondary reoperations occurred in 134 ankles (12.0%), with 61 ankles failing (5.4%) and leading to a revision TAA, conversion to arthrodesis, or an explant to antibiotic spacer. Most failures were due to high-grade complications including aseptic loosening (22/61) and deep infection (19/61). Among the failed ankles, 2 patients ultimately underwent a below-the-knee amputation.

CONCLUSION: In this large cohort, the Salto Talaris TAA was associated with improvements in patient-reported quality of life, activity, and pain, and showed high survivorship with relatively low failure (5.4%) and reoperation (12.0%) rates at an average of 5.5 years after index surgery.

PMID:41721500 | DOI:10.1177/10711007251413197

J Intellect Disabil Res. 2026 Feb 20. doi: 10.1111/jir.70093. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities often do not meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Evidence-based recommendations for effective interventions are lacking. This study aimed to review existing interventions and identify effective components for this population.

METHODS: A systematic search of Web of Science, Medline, ERIC, Ovid and SPORTDiscus was conducted from their inception to February 2023, to identify eligible articles according to a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Revised Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials (RoB 2.0) was used to assess risk of bias in the included studies. The random-effects model was used to pool the weighted results and the I² statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity of the included studies.

RESULTS: Five randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Regarding intervention components, four trials exclusively used exercise, whilst the other one combined exercise with health education and diet. The meta-analysis demonstrated that interventions were effective at increasing PA (3.73 min, Z = 4.44, 95% CI [2.09, 5.38], p < 0.00001) and decreasing SB (-15.31 min, Z = 2.59, 95% CI [-26.90, -3.72], p = 0.01), compared with control groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Exercise was an effective intervention component in promoting PA and reducing SB in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The findings of this study provided preliminary evidence for decision-making in PA promotion and SB reduction in the target population.

PMID:41721474 | DOI:10.1111/jir.70093

J Chem Inf Model. 2026 Feb 20. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6c00299. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Drug-like molecules often interact with multiple biological targets. Assessing this polypharmacology is essential for drug development. Here, we trained deep neural networks to associate bioactive molecules up to 80 non-hydrogen atoms reported in ChEMBL 34, represented as binary substructure fingerprints, with lists of targets on which the molecules are ≥50% active at ≤10 μM. We included 2,496,555 interactions between 1,187,089 molecules and 7546 targets having at least five reported active molecules, including single proteins, protein complexes, protein families, cell lines, organisms, and further target types. This represents a much larger data set than in previously reported models, which were mostly limited to protein targets. Our models achieve good performances in terms of recall and precision per molecule and per target, as illustrated by overall statistics and by a case study in comparison with other online prediction tools. PPB3 predictions can be performed online at https://ppb3.gdb.tools/.

PMID:41721463 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jcim.6c00299

J Health Popul Nutr. 2026 Feb 21. doi: 10.1186/s41043-026-01250-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Sub-Saharan Africa faces unique nutritional challenges, exacerbated by conditions such as poverty, limited access to healthcare, and diverse dietary traditions. Despite the scholarship on children’s feeding and their nutritional conditions in sub-Saharan Africa, scanty evidence exists on the association between children’s feeding practices and growth outcomes. Consequently, this study seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of children’s feeding practices and their association with growth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: Demographic and Health Survey data from 30 countries were used for this study, with a sample aged 0-59 (n = 174,281). The descriptive analysis involved the computation of child and maternal factors, presented in frequencies and percentages. We further analysed the weighted percentages of stunting, wasting, and underweight and their co-existence across included countries and children’s socio-demographic characteristics. To investigate the association between child feeding practices and other demographic factors with child weight and growth outcome, we employed a multilevel logistic regression. Given the large amount of missing data on the covariate exclusive breastfeeding, it was excluded during the model fitting process.

RESULTS: We noted that 6.94% (95%CI:6.79,7.09) were wasted, 32.17(95%CI:31.90,32.45) were stunted, 16.72%(95%CI:16.50,16.94) were underweight children, and 2.32% (95%CI:2.24,2.40) were wasted, stunted and underweight. Age-appropriate feeding (conceived as not wasted, stunted or underweight based on WHO’s definition) increased co-occurrence risk (AOR = 1.68), while exclusive breastfeeding reduced it (AOR = 0.40). Children with low birth weight were more likely to be wasted [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.57-1.74], stunted [AOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.44-1.54] and underweight [AOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.84-1.98]. Females were observed to have lower odds of all three indicators as manifested in their co-existence (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.55-0.63). Children 12-23 months had the highest odds of experiencing the co-existence of stunting, wasting and underweight (AOR = 5.86, 95% CI = 4.94-6.95) relative to those below 6 months.

CONCLUSION: Feeding practices significantly predict growth outcomes, urging policies for age-appropriate diets, dietary diversity, and breastfeeding support. The findings underscore the urgent need to address child malnutrition, particularly stunting, wasting, and underweight, to improve child health and well-being. These findings should inform policymakers, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to improve child nutrition and overall well-being in the region. Context-specific policies and interventions, prioritizing maternal nutrition, access to quality prenatal care, and appropriate infant feeding practices, are crucial in mitigating the impact of malnutrition on children in the region. Further research and collaboration are needed to develop targeted strategies and sustainable solutions to tackle child malnutrition effectively in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID:41721444 | DOI:10.1186/s41043-026-01250-9

Paediatr Anaesth. 2026 Feb 20. doi: 10.1002/pan.70152. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy diagnosed in early childhood. Treatment is extensive, requiring multiple general anesthetics to facilitate eye examinations. However, little is known how repeated exposure to general anesthesia in early childhood affects cognitive function in RB survivors.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effects of anesthesia exposure on cognition in 14- to 26-year-old RB survivors compared with those in healthy controls.

METHODS: Patients who previously received care for RB (n = 98) were recruited and compared to a cohort of healthy subjects (n = 97). Participants’ cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA scores were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Relationships between MoCA scores and anesthesia exposure were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the effect of anesthesia (both before the age of three and throughout childhood) on cognition.

RESULTS: RB patients scored significantly lower than controls on the MoCA and several of its subscales (Naming, Attention, Language, and Abstraction; adjusted ps < 0.05). Total childhood anesthesia exposure was negatively associated with MoCA total scores (ρ = -0.19, p = 0.009) and some subscale scores. In regression models adjusted for covariates, each time anesthesia was administered before the age of three (β = -0.06, p = 0.02) or throughout childhood (β = -0.04, p = 0.005) was associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in cognition. Hollingshead socioeconomic status (β = 0.04, p = 0.001) and public insurance (β = -1.75, p < 0.0001) were stronger predictors of MoCA total scores than anesthesia exposure.

CONCLUSION: Despite any effects of repeated anesthesia exposure in early childhood on cognition, MoCA scores for RB survivors were in the normal range. These findings add to the developing research on neurocognitive effects of anesthesia in early childhood in a population with large anesthesia exposure and minimal confounding factors. Future research should include additional measures of neurodevelopmental functioning and focus on the at-risk low socioeconomic status population. Continued follow-up and assessment of visual function in bilateral survivors are imperative.

PMID:41721443 | DOI:10.1002/pan.70152

Eur J Med Res. 2026 Feb 20. doi: 10.1186/s40001-026-04078-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Hyperuricemia has been strongly associated with the risk of gout and metabolic syndrome. Serum copper may play a significant role in uric acid metabolism and the development of hyperuricemia. However, high-quality studies investigating the association between serum copper levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescent populations remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum copper levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in a nationally representative sample of adolescents.

METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2016, including a nationally representative sample of 1,034 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Serum copper concentrations and serum uric acid levels were measured through standardized laboratory procedures. Hyperuricemia was defined using sex-specific serum uric acid thresholds according to pubertal stage. The association between serum copper levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models, interaction analyses, and smoothed curve fitting to explore potential nonlinear relationships.

RESULTS: Among the study population, 139 participants (13.44%) were identified with hyperuricemia. Except for the unadjusted model, a significant positive association was observed between serum copper levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia. After controlling for all relevant confounders, each 1-unit increase in serum copper concentration was associated with a 5% higher prevalence of hyperuricemia (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10). This association remained consistent and statistically significant across various demographic and health-related subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a positive association between serum copper levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents, suggesting that elevated serum copper may serve as a potential risk factor. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring serum copper levels as part of hyperuricemia prevention and management strategies in youth. Nonetheless, longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these associations and explore the underlying mechanisms.

PMID:41721441 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-026-04078-5

BMC Psychol. 2026 Feb 21. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-04201-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study aims to examine the relationship between social appearance anxiety and genital self-image in young adult men.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 15, 2024, and September 15, 2025, involving 245 male individuals residing in the city center of eastern Turkey. The research data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), and the Male Genital Self-Image Scale (MGIS). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage, minimum and maximum scores, mean, standard deviation), ANOVA, independent samples t-test, Cronbach’s α, simple linear regression, and multiple regression analyses were utilized in the evaluation.

FINDINGS: The participants’ average age was 21.37 ± 2.24 years, and their average daily social media usage time was 4.83 ± 2.85 h. It was found that 71.4% of the participants were university graduates, 37.6% were in a romantic relationship, and 70.2% had a normal body mass index. The mean SAAS score was 31.84 ± 11.74, while the mean MGIS score was 23.26 ± 4.54. A negative and low-level significant relationship was found between social appearance anxiety and genital self-image (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study found that participants exhibited low levels of social appearance anxiety and high levels of genital self-image, and Social appearance anxiety was found to explain 4.6% of the variance in genital self-image. There is a need for more comprehensive research that systematically examines influential factors across diverse populations and age groups.

PMID:41721435 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-026-04201-5

Syst Rev. 2026 Feb 20. doi: 10.1186/s13643-026-03118-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mpox is an emerging global health threat with increasing frequency and geographic spread recently. Healthcare providers play a pivotal role in outbreak prevention, early detection, isolation, and response. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of knowledge and attitude toward Mpox among healthcare providers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Hinari, and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies published between 2 July 2015 and 2 July 2025. Data were extracted and managed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA version 17. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251123652).

RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included seven studies from Sub-Saharan Africa, comprising a total of 3379 healthcare providers. The pooled prevalence of adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward Mpox was 40.52% (95% CI, 30.17-50.88) and 51.20% (95% CI, 44.48-57.91), respectively, with high heterogeneity (I² > 90%). Factors associated with higher knowledge included age over 40 years (AOR = 5.90; 95% CI, 1.27-27.41), being married (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.24-2.01), being a physician (AOR = 6.82; 95% CI, 1.38-33.56), having 5-10 years of work experience (AOR = 7.02; 95% CI, 1.51-32.74), prior information about Mpox (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.11-2.97), and a history of COVID-19 vaccination (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.47-2.68). Regarding attitude, higher education (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38-3.18) and male sex (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12-1.91) were positively associated. Prevalence was pooled through meta-analysis, while associated factors were reported individually from each study, as pooling adjusted odds ratios was not appropriate due to differences in covariates and outcome definitions. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity, the small number of studies, and uneven geographic representation.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that knowledge and attitudes toward Mpox among healthcare providers in Sub-Saharan Africa are generally suboptimal. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity across studies, the limited number of included studies, and uneven geographic representation. Nonetheless, the findings underscore the need for context-specific capacity-building interventions, including targeted training, improved access to up-to-date clinical guidelines, and enhanced preparedness strategies to support healthcare providers in responding to Mpox and other emerging infectious diseases.

PMID:41721422 | DOI:10.1186/s13643-026-03118-9