Category: Nevin Manimala

Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2026 May 4:10849785261443946. doi: 10.1177/10849785261443946. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer often has a significant locoregional recurrence risk after curative resection. Conventional postoperative radiation is largely based on anatomical imaging, which may not adequately detect microscopic residual disease or biological tumor heterogeneity.

PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The incorporation of radiopharmaceutical-guided molecular imaging enables biologically adaptive dosage adjustment.

POPULATION/SUBJECTS: The study assesses the feasibility and therapeutic efficiency of radionuclide-informed individualized adjuvant radiation planning following esophageal cancer resection.

ASSESSMENT: Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) imaging with tumor-specific tracers enabled the identification of biological targets.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Voxel-based dose painting was used, and plans were compared using the conformity index (CI), homogeneity index, V95% coverage, tumor control probability (TCP), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Radiopharmaceutical imaging revealed additional high-risk areas in 34.7% of patients. Personalized planning increased the CI (1.21 to 0.97), V95% (91.2% to 97.8%), and TCP (68.4% to 82.9%). Mean lung and heart doses decreased by 14.3% and 11.7%, respectively, decreasing the predicted NTCP for pneumonitis from 16.5% to 9.2% (p < 0.001).

RESULTS: Radionuclide-guided personalized adjuvant radiation improves biological target coverage, increases TCP, and minimizes normal tissue toxicity, hence confirming its role in precision postoperative management of esophageal cancer.

PMID:42077127 | DOI:10.1177/10849785261443946

Dent Traumatol. 2026 May 4. doi: 10.1111/edt.70077. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Propolis, known for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, when incorporated into a hydrogel, may enhance the preservation of human periodontal ligament cell viability following dental trauma. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel propolis-enriched hydrogel as a storage medium for avulsed teeth prior to replantation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydrogel was prepared by mixing distilled water with a gelling agent and macerating the mixture for 24 h. Subsequently, samples containing 70% ethanol and water were formulated with varying volumes of propolis extract. The physical properties of the hydrogel were then evaluated. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were incubated with the test materials for 3 and 6 h, after which cell viability was assessed using the PrestoBlue reagent and compared with pasteurized milk and saline (0.9% NaCl), which served as a negative control. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc test.

RESULTS: The findings demonstrated that the incorporation of propolis into the hydrogel formulations enhanced their bioactive properties, particularly increasing phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In terms of human periodontal ligament fibroblast viability, no significant differences were observed among groups after 3 h. However, after 6 h, cell viability in the saline group decreased to 67% of the control, while all other groups maintained approximately 100% viability.

CONCLUSIONS: Propolis hydrogels effectively preserved the viability of human periodontal ligament cells for at least six hours. A comprehensive evaluation of all parameters suggests that the hydrogel formulation containing 6 g of water-based propolis extract provides the most favorable balance between mechanical properties and biocompatibility.

PMID:42077126 | DOI:10.1111/edt.70077

Immunotherapy. 2026 May 4:1-14. doi: 10.1080/1750743X.2026.2668210. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is widely considered as a difficult-to-treat disease with an adverse prognosis and scarce therapeutic options, especially in the case of platinum-resistance. Tarlatamab (IMDELLTRA™), a first-in-class, Delta-like ligand-3 (DLL3)-targeted bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), works by creating a molecular bridge between DLL3 on tumor cells and CD3 on T-cells, leading to T-cell activation and Τ-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis. Tarlatamab demonstrated promising efficacy in early-phase trials at the cost of immune-mediated toxicities like cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). CRS and ICANS emerge primarily during the first two cycles of treatment, have low to moderate severity and are generally manageable with general supportive measures and specialized immunosuppressive treatment including corticosteroids and monoclonal antibodies like tocilizumab. Tarlatamab appears to be a promising choice for relapsed SCLC, based on the results of the Phase III DeLLphi-304 trial, which demonstrated a clinically and statistically meaningful improvement in overall survival (OS) with its use compared to approved second-line chemotherapy (ChT) options. Having been recently granted FDA approval for use in patients with SCLC who progressed on or after platinum-based ChT, tarlatamab is currently being evaluated in multiple settings of SCLC, including first-line and maintenance treatment.

PMID:42077112 | DOI:10.1080/1750743X.2026.2668210

Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2026 May 4:14920. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2026.14920. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) is an internationally validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool for diagnosing and monitoring acute uncomplicated cystitis (AC) in women, available in several language versions. The current study reports the linguistic and clinical validation of the Kazakh version of the ACSS.

METHODS: Linguistic validation followed internationally accepted guidelines for the cultural adaptation of PRO instruments. The current validation study included 100 Kazakhspeaking women. All respondents participated in cognitive debriefing to ensure clarity and comprehensibility of the translated PRO. Participants completed diagnostic Part A of the Kazakh version of the ACSS at initial admission and follow- up Part B at each follow-up visit. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise demographic characteristics. The comparative analysis included parametric and nonparametric tests where appropriate. Reliability of the Kazakh version of the ACSS was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and splithalf reliability. Diagnostic performance was assessed by sensitivity and specificity. Statistical significance was set at p = 0.05.

RESULTS: Sixty-seven women with AC (mean age 39.24 ± 13.66 years) and 33 without evidence of urinary tract pathology (mean age 44.94 ± 17.99 years) were included in the Patient and Control groups, respectively. No significant demographic differences were observed between groups. Median scores in the “Typical” domain were significantly higher in Patients than in Controls (5.00 vs 0.00). Internal consistency was high for the “Typical” (Cronbach’s α = 0.86) and “QoL” (α = 0.91) domains. Split-half reliability analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.65, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.79, and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.77. The sensitivity and specificity of the Kazakh version of the ACSS, using the predefined cut-off value of 6 based on the “Typical” domain summary score, were 0.85 and 0.90, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The Kazakh version of the ACSS demonstrates good reliability and strong discriminative ability, supporting its use in the clinical assessment of AC in Kazakh-speaking women.

PMID:42077093 | DOI:10.4081/aiua.2026.14920

Br J Psychiatry. 2026 May 4:1-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2026.10652. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly recognised as a social identity as well as a medical diagnosis. Social identity theory suggests that group identification can benefit self-esteem, well-being and mental health, but little is known about ADHD social identification or preferred terminology in English.

AIMS: We aimed to measure ADHD social identification and preferred terminology in a sample of adults with ADHD in the UK and to understand whether ADHD social identification is related to improved self-esteem, well-being and mental health.

METHOD: Three hundred and nineteen adults with ADHD in the UK participated. They were aged between 18 and 73 years and 59% were female. Participants completed self-report measures of ADHD social identification, self-esteem, well-being, anxiety, depression, terminology preferences, medication use and sources of learning about ADHD. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the percentage of participants who preferred ADHD-first versus person-first terminology. Pre-registered serial mediation models tested hypothesised pathways from ADHD identification to mental health via self-esteem and well-being. Further analyses examined associations between terminology preferences, medication use and sources of learning about ADHD.

RESULTS: ADHD identification was not significantly correlated with self-esteem, anxiety or depression. Most participants (77%) preferred person-first terminology (‘person with ADHD’). Higher ADHD identification was associated with identity-first language preference and medication use. Social media was the only source of learning about ADHD related to higher ADHD identification. In mediation models, ADHD identification was not associated with self-esteem or well-being; however, a subcomponent of ADHD social identification – satisfaction – was indirectly related to better mental health via self-esteem and well-being.

CONCLUSIONS: These cross-sectional findings indicated that ADHD identification did not show the hypothesised protective associations with mental health. Preferences for person-first terminology suggest ADHD is not always central to identity. Longitudinal and qualitative studies are needed to clarify causal relationships and clinical implications.

PMID:42077043 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.2026.10652

Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2026 Apr;38(4):44-59. doi: 10.12927/cjnl.2026.27824.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Leadership is vital for fostering work environments that support nurses’ well-being, job satisfaction and high-quality patient care. This study examined the role of empowering leadership in shaping nurses’ perceptions of a healthy work environment (HWE) and moral injury.

METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of nurses from an Italian public healthcare organization. Data were collected through an online survey, incorporating the Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (ELQ), the N2N-HWE and the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES). Pearson’s correlations and a multivariable linear regression model analyzed the relationship between ELQ, N2N-HWE and MIES. Results: Of the 155 nurses who participated (78.1% females, mean age = 34.06 ± 10.03 years), 92.9% perceived their work environment as unhealthy, and 31.6% reported high levels of moral injury. No direct association was found between HWE and moral injury (β = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.46, 0.53). However, a statistically significant interaction between HWE and empowering leadership on moral injury was observed (β = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.16, 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: Empowering leadership may buffer the negative impact of unhealthy work environments on nurses’ moral injury, highlighting its protective role and the need for leadership-focused interventions in high-demand healthcare settings.

PMID:42077019 | DOI:10.12927/cjnl.2026.27824

Stat Med. 2026 May;45(10-12):e70573. doi: 10.1002/sim.70573.

ABSTRACT

Identifying predictors for viral rebound trajectories after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption is central to HIV cure research. Motivated by the need to determine whether the time to achieve viral suppression after ART initiation can predict the time to viral rebound following ART interruption, we investigate modeling approaches that relate an interval-censored outcome (e.g., time to viral rebound) and an interval-censored covariate (e.g., time to viral suppression) under the assumption that viral load only crosses a threshold when bracketed by consecutive assessments. We develop estimation and inference procedures for fitting a proportional hazards regression model when both the outcome and a covariate are interval-censored, without imposing parametric assumptions on the baseline hazard functions. To accommodate participants with multiple episodes of ART initiation and interruption, we extend the proposed method to account for the clustering of repeated observations within individuals. We derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed method and evaluate its finite-sample performance through simulation studies. Applying the method to data from the Zurich Primary HIV Infection cohort, we find that a longer time to viral suppression during ART is associated with an increased hazard of viral rebound after ART interruption.

PMID:42077005 | DOI:10.1002/sim.70573

Health Commun. 2026 May 4:1-11. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2026.2666884. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how stigma surrounding depression is subtly produced in news discourse and how such communicative practices frame public representations of mental health. Drawing on a corpus-based discursive news values analysis integrated with multimodal analysis, we examine English-language media coverage of depression in China and the United States. Rather than relying on overtly negative labeling, stigma is enacted through implicit communicative strategies: expert voices dominate while people with lived experience are marginalized, referential patterns repeatedly associate depression with postpartum women and suicide, and visual resources index emotional distance and role-bound femininity. Together, these discursive and visual configurations constitute what we term silent stigma-a mode of meaning-making that constrains interpretive possibilities, structures audience stance, and normalizes limited social representations of depression. Cross-national comparison further reveals culturally patterned strategies. Chinese media tend to externalize depression through foreign exemplars and symbolic imagery, while U.S. media personalize it through maternal identity and individual narratives, reflecting different communicative logics of distancing versus individualization. The findings suggest communicative considerations for mental health reporting, including broadening narrative voices, avoiding narrow demographic framing, and adopting culturally responsive textual and visual strategies. The study thus contributes to health communication scholarship by showing how everyday media practices discursively configure the visibility and legitimacy of depression in public news discourse.

PMID:42076974 | DOI:10.1080/10410236.2026.2666884

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2026 Jun;138(6):e70242. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.70242.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and spectrum of cardiotoxicity induced by various antiparkinsonian drugs based on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

METHODS: Data from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2025 were downloaded for disproportionality analysis. We employed validated disproportionality metrics including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) to detect significant drug-event associations.

RESULTS: After removing duplicates, a total of 42 583 cases of patients treated with antiparkinsonian drugs were included in the FAERS database. Dopamine receptor agonists exhibited the most extensive range of cardiac adverse events. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors displayed the second broadest range of toxicity. As for catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, a total of six signals were detected in entacapone. Four signals were detected for amantadine, while no signals were identified for levodopa.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the cardiovascular adverse reactions associated with Parkinson’s treatment drugs. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and evaluating the cardiovascular safety of antiparkinsonian medications.

PMID:42076927 | DOI:10.1111/bcpt.70242

Equine Vet J. 2026 May 4. doi: 10.1002/evj.70173. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine infusions are beneficial in anaesthetised endotoxaemic horses when administered concurrent to endotoxin, but post-conditioning effects are unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a dexmedetomidine infusion is beneficial in horses administered Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) endotoxin prior to anaesthesia.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomised controlled in vivo experiment.

METHODS: Ten systemically healthy horses were instrumented for acquisition of cardiac index (CI) using thermodilution. Horses received IV LPS (0.1 μg/kg bwt) immediately prior to anesthesia. Horses received IV xylazine (control, LPS; n = 5) or dexmedetomidine (treatment, LPS-Dex; n = 5), followed by IV ketamine and midazolam and sevoflurane in oxygen. In LPS-Dex, dexmedetomidine (1.75 μg/kg bwt/h IV) was administered and target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reduced (1.8% vs. 3% LPS). Cardiopulmonary function, acid-base, cytokine, and creatinine values were assessed every 30 min for 180 min. Data were compared between groups using mixed model analysis (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Mean ± standard deviation CI was significantly higher in LPS-Dex at 30 and 60 min (57.9 ± 15.6 mL/min/kg bwt versus 43.1 ± 9.4, 30 min, p = 0.03; 60.2 ± 11.8 mL/min/kg bwt versus 38.9 ± 11.2, 60 min, p = 0.003). Creatinine was elevated and significantly higher in LPS from 90 min onward but remained normal in LPS-Dex throughout (201 ± 38 μmol/L versus 124 ± 26, 180 min, p = 0.003). Significantly improved base excess values were seen in LPS-Dex at 150 and 180 min (2.9 ± 2 mmol/L versus 0.6 ± 1, 150 min, p = 0.03; 3.4 ± 1.96 mmol/L versus 0.6 ± 1.41, 180 min, p = 0.01). Cytokine concentrations were similar between groups.

MAIN LIMITATIONS: The experimental protocol is not representative of all surgical colics.

CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine infusion and concurrent reduction in inhalant anaesthetic could benefit anaesthetic management of horses even when endotoxaemia is already present.

PMID:42076924 | DOI:10.1002/evj.70173